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AP 2 21 Blood Vessels
Get cho blood flowing girl
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/18/2012

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Term
• Blood Vessels
• Kinds
Definition
Arteries and Veins and Capillaries
Term
– Arteries
Definition
(elastic & muscular)
• Vessels that carry blood away from the heart (always)
• All except pulmonary artery carry oxygenated blood (usually)
• Divide into smaller vessels - the arterioles
Term
Veins
Definition
• Vessels that carry blood toward the heart (always)
• All except pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood (usually)
• Form from a merging of small veins called venules
Term
– Capillaries
Definition
• Microscopic vessels that carry blood from arterioles to venules
• May be true, continuous, and fenestrated (have little pores or holes in them. They are found in the kidneys)
Term
– Arteries structure
Definition
• Outer coat (tunica adventitia or externa) • Muscle coat (tunica media) • Lining (tunica intima)
Term
• Outer coat (tunica adventitia or externa)
Definition
white fibrous tissue
Term
• Muscle coat (tunica media)
Definition
smooth muscle, elastic and fibrous tissue
Term
• Lining (tunica intima)
Definition
endothelium - simple squamous epithelium
Term
– Veins structure
Definition
- same three coats but thinner and fewer elastic fibers (Thinner walls and not as many muscle fibers)
Term
– Capillaries structure
Definition
only tunica intima
Term
– Arteries/arterioles function
Definition
carry blood away from heart to capillaries
Term
– Capillaries function
Definition
deliver materials to cells and collect substances from them; vital function of entire circulatory system
Term
– Veins/venules
Definition
carry blood from capillaries back to heart
Valves are only in veins, not arteries
Term
• Circulation
Definition
blood flow through closed circuit of vessels
Term
Types of Circulation
Definition
Systemic and Pulmonary
Term
– Systemic circulation
Definition
blood flow from left ventricle into aorta to all parts of body and back to right atrium of heart
Term
– Pulmonary circulation
Definition
blood flow from right ventricle to pulmonary artery to lungs to pulmonary veins to left atrium
Term
• Control of arterial blood pressure
Definition
volume of blood in arteries
(Blood pressure drops when dehydrated)
cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance
Term
– CO is determined by stroke volume and heart rate
Definition
(SV x HR = CO)
Term
• Stroke volume reflects
Definition
force or strength of ventricular contraction; stroke volume usually determined by Starling’s law o f the heart
Term
• Heart rate is regulated by
Definition
baroreceptors and other factors
Term
– Peripheral resistance determined mainly by
Definition
blood viscosity, arteriole diameter, length, and pressure
Term
• Blood viscosity determined by
Definition
concentration of blood proteins and blood cells; less blood viscosity, less peripheral resistance
Term
• Vasomotor or vasoconstrictor control
Definition
mechanism plays important role in control of changes in diameter of arterioles; center located in medulla (pg 817)
Term
• Capillary Exchange
Definition
– Movement of water and dissolved substances, except plasma proteins, through capillary walls
– Mostly by diffusion
– Dependent upon several opposing forces or pressures (pg 813)
Term
– Hydrostatic pressure
Definition
due to pressure of water in fluids
Term
• Blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP)
Definition
- moves fluid out of capillaries into interstitial fluid (35 mm Hg arterial, 16 mm Hg venous) (small to big vessel)[out of blood]
Term
• Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)
Definition
moves fluid out of interstitial fluids and into capillaries (0 mm Hg both ends) (Big vessel to small) [into blood]
Term
– Osmotic pressures
Definition
due to presence of nondiffusible proteins in blood and interstitial fluid
Term
• Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
Definition
- moves fluid from interstitial spaces into capillaries (26 at both ends)
Term
• Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (IFOP)
Definition
moves fluid out of capillaries and into interstitial fluid (1 mm both ends)
Term
– Net filtration pressure (NFP) or effective filtration pressure (Peff)
Definition
NFP = (BHP + IFOP) - (IFHP + BCOP)
Term
– Starling’s law of capillaries
Definition
equilibrium between fluid out and fluid in with lymphatics
(Don’t remember numbers, remember the directions that fluid are pushed!)
Term
• Important factors influencing venous return to heart
Definition
Respirations and skeletal muscle
Term
– Respirations
Definition
the deeper the respirations, the greater the venous return tends to be
Term
– Skeletal muscle contractions serve as
Definition
“booster pumps” that tend to increase venous return
Term
• Checking circulation
Definition
Blood Pressure, Velocity of blood, Pulse
Term
Blood pressure is measured with
Definition
with sphygmomanometer
Term
systolic pressure normal range
Definition
120-140 mm Hg and diastolic pressure about 80-90 mm Hg
Term
• Arterial bleeding in
Definition
spurts because of difference in amounts of systolic and diastolic pressure
Term
• Venous bleeding is
Definition
slow and steady because of low, practically constant venous pressure
Term
• Velocity of blood
Definition
– Speed with which blood flows
– More rapid in arteries and slowest in capillaries
Term
• Pulse
Definition
– Alternate expansion and recoil of artery
Term
Pulse is caused by
Definition
intermittent ejections of blood from heart into aorta with each ventricular contraction; pulse can be felt because of elasticity of arterial walls
Term
– Pulse wave
Definition
pulse starts at beginning of aorta and proceeds as wave of expansion throughout arteries
Term
– Where pulse can be felt
Definition
radial, temporal, carotid, facial, brachial, femoral, popliteal, pedal
Term
– Venous pulse
Definition
- in large veins only; caused by changes in venous pressure brought about by alternate contraction and relaxation of atria
Term
CHECK OUT BLOOD FLOW DOG!
Definition
IMPORTANT!
Look the graphs of the blood vessels running through the body!
Way of flow
put major vessels in order of blood flow

ex)
2_ Inferior Vena Cava
1_ Renal vein 5_ Left Ventricle
6_ Brachiocephalic 7_ Subclavian Artery
4_ Pulmonary vein 3_ Rt. Atrium

pg 864

Ductus Venosus
Umbilical vien and artery
Foramen Canale (Ovale)?
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