Synthetic insecticidal and acaricidal.

Phenylpyrazole family and acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist

Mech of action: binds to a site in the chloride channel of GABA receptors and inhibits GABA regulated chloride flux into nerve cells = hyperexcitability

Generally used as flea and tick prevention in dogs and cats, treats chewing lice

It’s activity occurs at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor causing hyperexcitability, paralysis and death of insects

Used as a monthly flea treatment

do not use concurrently with ivermectin;

Spinal sad may act as a P-glycoprotein (think MDR1/ABCB1) inhibitor, that’s resulting in increased blood and CSF levels of ivermectin.

Your patient essentially turns into a Collie!

Act at the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to produce hyperexcitability in insects.

Nitenpyram (Capstar) Has 100% efficacy on adult fleas within three hours but not effective after 48 hours.

Used to treat fleas and is also likely effective for lice, Otodectes, sarcoptes and Demodex in dogs, cats and ferrets.

Used in cattle to treat various nematodes, Hypoderma, mites, lice and horn flies.

An anti-parasitic drug used topically to treat mites, including Demodex

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, can act on alpha-2 and may cause sedation in animals animals

Sedation, pruritus, PU/PD, bradycardia, hypertension, heart block, hypo thermia, hyperglycemia and rarely seizures

Do not use with other MAO’s like selegiline or alpha 2s, avoid in debilitated pets

An anti-parasitic used to treat intestinal parasites

Anti-cholinesterase activity

Overdose can cause organophosphate toxicity: salvation, diarrhea, difficulty breathing and muscle twitching

Do not use and animals with Heartworms, within two days of cholinesterase inhibiting drugs (* see below), can exacerbate the signs of respiratory disease

* Organophosphates: chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, malathion, diazinon, phosmet, fenthion, chlorfenvinphos, and cythioate

*Carbamates: carbaryl and propoxur.

Vomiting, pulmonary reactions if microfilaria positive (should not be given to heartworm positive dogs)

What is Doramectin and what is its mechanism of action?

An anti-parasitic drug approved for use in cattle to treat nematodes and arthropods

Macrocyclic lactone that is neurotoxic and potentiates glutamate gated chloride channels in parasites

Causes neurotoxicity at high doses, especially in MDR1 breeds, can cause tissue reactions in cattle from dead larvae

If using off label and small animals, check for microfilaremia

A benzimidazole anti-parasitic drug that treats helminth intestinal parasites and lungworm

inhibits microtubules and blocks glucose uptake

No contraindications, may cause vomiting or diarrhea

Anti-parasitic macrocyclic lactone that is neurotoxic and potentiates glutamate and GABA gated chloride channels (present in invertebrate nerves and muscle cells) Leading to hyper polarization = paralysis and death

Treats many parasites in many species including heartworm and small animals and demodex/scabies

May have some anti-inflammatory properties in dogs

Do not use an animals <6 week old, caution with high doses in any breed but especially in MDR1 (no p glycoprotein) animals leads to neurotoxicity (ataxia, tremor, mydriasis, lethargy, blindness, hypersalivation) and even death

Avoid in animals with lots of microfilaria

Imidazothiazole antiparasitic That is used to treat various worms in various animals, microfilaricidal in dogs

Causes neuromuscular toxicity in parasites and may also boost the host immune system(?)

Can cause cholinergic toxicity and vomiting; Do you not use with pyrantel as they have overlapping toxicities

Avoid and animals with high microfilaria burden

A benzolurea insecticide That inhibits kite and synthesis and prevents flea eggs from hatching (Insect growth inhibitor)

Used to prevent flea infestation’s and is generally combined with other meds like milbemycin

A benzimidazole anti-parasitic that inhibits microtubules and blocks glucose uptake (similar to fenbendaxole)

Treats intestinal parasites

associated with occasional V/D

Macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic that is neurotoxic to parasites by potentiation of glutamate gated chloride channels

Used as a heartworm preventative, miticide, microfilaricidal and can treat demodex/scabies

Can cause neurotoxicity at high doses

Caution in ivermectin sensitive breeds, do not use with drugs and increase penetration a cross the blood brain barrier

A semi synthetic avermectin/macrocyclic lactone used for heartworm prevention, fleas, mites, text, intestinal parasites, ear mites and scabies

Neurotoxic through potentiation of glutamate gated chloride channels

Do not use in puppies <6 weeks old

Do not use in kittens <8 weeks old

Can cause hair loss at the site of application, rarely nausea, lethargy, salivation, tachypnea and muscle tremors

Check heartworm status before administration

Benzimidazole Antiparasitic drug that inhibits microtubules and blocks glucose uptake

Used in horse and ruminant intestinal parasite infections

Side effects are uncommon

A nitroimidizole antiparasitic and Antiprotozoal Used to treat diarrhea/intestinal parasites/anaerobes and protozoa

Disrupts DNA in the parasitic organism the nitrogen free radicals

Can cause neurological effects, caution with pregnancy

Toxicity may be worse and cats

Pyrethroid insecticide used to kill and repel fleas and ticks as well as mosquitoes biting flies and lice

Finds to sodium channels leading to hyperexcitability and death

Do not use in cats! Do not use in dogs <7 weeks

can cause skin irritation V/D; Lethargy, seizures/neurotoxicity in cats

Milbemycin a antiparasitic that potentiates glutimate gated chloride channels, hyper polarizing nerve cells

Used to treat intestinal parasites in horses and cattle, heartworm prevention

Can be neurotoxic at high doses, caution with ivermectin sensitive breeds

avoid in dogs <8 weeks old

don’t use with drugs I could increase the penetration across the blood brain barrier (Ketoconazole, cyclosporine)

Organophosphates pesticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase

Commonly used in agriculture

Can cause a cute toxicity to people/Animals at high doses

Organophosphates pesticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase

Used on apple trees to control aphids, suckers, fruit flies and mites

Can be used on pigs, cattle and dogs for fleas ticks and lice

Some believe that it will repel fleas by soaking into the insect exoskeleton and suffocating them

Can cause burns and toxicity as well as drooling, vomiting and trouble breathing

DO NOT use

Derived from oil of citrus fruit peels, has limited insecticidal properties

Avoid due to adverse effects, especially in cats