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ANT 3120: Chapter 24 (ANT)
Digestive System
65
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/18/2013

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Term
organs of the digestive system are separated into two categories:
Definition
1) accessory digestive organs
2) organs of the alimentary canal
Term
alimentary canal is also called
Definition
digestive tract/GI tract
Term
alimentary canal (description)
Definition
continuous muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus (contains skeletal/smooth muscle)
Term
organs of the digestive tract
Definition
1) mouth
2) pharynx
3) esophagus
4) stomach
5) small intestine
6) large intestine
Term
accessory digestive organs
Definition
1) teeth
2) tongue
3) gallbladder
4) digestive glands
Term
peritoneum
Definition
membrane which lines the walls and organs of the abdominal cavity
Term
two portions of the peritoneum
Definition
1) visceral peritoneum
2) parietal peritoneum
Term
visceral peritoneum
Definition
covers the external surface of the organs within the abdominal cavity
Term
parietal peritoneum
Definition
lines the internal surface of the walls of the abdominal cavity
Term
peritoneal cavity
Definition
space between the two layers of peritoneum
Term
mesenteries (function)
Definition
holds many organs of the abdominal cavity in place
Term
mesentery
Definition
fused double layer of peritoneum that extends from the body wall to a digestive organ
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
lie against the posterior abdominal wall
Term
associated structures of the oral cavity
Definition
1) lips
2) cheeks
3) palate
4) tongue
5) teeth
6) salivary glands
Term
lips and cheeks are composed mainly of
Definition
skeletal muscle: orbicularis oris (lips), buccinator (cheeks)
Term
lips and cheeks are involved with
Definition
processes of mastication and speech
Term
palate consists of
Definition
1) hard palate
2) soft palate
Term
hard palate (function)
Definition
tongue forces food against hard palate during chewing
Term
soft palate (composition)
Definition
composed of skeletal muscle (closes of nasopharynx when swallowing)
Term
tongue (function)
Definition
aids in chewing, swallowing, and speech
Term
salivary glands (function)
Definition
produce and secrete saliva
Term
functions of saliva
Definition
1) cleanses mouth
2) dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted
3) contains salivary amylase (begins chemical breakdown of starchy foods)
Term
3 pairs of salivary glands
Definition
1) parotid
2) submandibular
3) sublingual
Term
parotid gland
Definition
one located anterior to each ear
Term
submandibular gland
Definition
inferior to the mandible
Term
sublingual gland
Definition
below the tongue
Term
esophagus is lined with
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium
Term
function of gastric glands
Definition
release substances that chemically digest the food
Term
location of gastric glands
Definition
located in the lining of the stomach
Term
lining of the internal surface of the stomach
Definition
simple columnar epithelium
Term
gastric pits
Definition
tube-like structures formed by epithelium; openings for the gastric glands
Term
function of gastric juice
Definition
contain substances that aid in chemical digestion
Term
pH of gastric juice
Definition
1.5 to 3.5
Term
cells of gastric glands
Definition
1) mucous glands
2) parietal cells
3) chief cells
4) endocrine cells
Term
small intestine (description)
Definition
digestive organ where digestion is completed and nearly all absorption occurs
Term
small intestine extends from
Definition
stomach to large intestine
Term
small intestine is divided into
Definition
1) duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ileum
Term
duodenum (duodenum)
Definition
wraps around the head of the pancreas
Term
lining of duodenum
Definition
simple columnar epithelium
Term
duodenum contains
Definition
glands which produce an alkaline substance that neutralizes acidic chyme
Term
jejunum
Definition
middle portion of small intestine that extends from duodenum to ileum
Term
ileum
Definition
last portion of small intestine
Term
modifications of the small intestine that increases surface area
Definition
1) overall length of small intestine
2) lining of small intestine is folded (circular folds) and has tiny fingerlike projections (villi)
3) cells contain microvilli
Term
liver (description)
Definition
2nd largest organ in the body; largest gland in body
Term
location of liver
Definition
right upper quadrant
Term
functions of liver
Definition
1) stores glucose as glycogen
2) takes waste products out of blood
3) hepatocytes of liver produce bile
Term
where is bile stored
Definition
in gallbladder
Term
ducts associated with the liver
Definition
1) common hepatic duct
2) right/left hepatic ducts
3) cystic duct
4) common bile duct
Term
function of common hepatic duct
Definition
carries bile away from liver
Term
common hepatic duct is formed by
Definition
left and right hepatic ducts
Term
common hepatic duct + cystic duct
Definition
common bile duct
Term
common bile duct + pancreatic duct
Definition
hepatopancreatic ampulla
Term
hepatopancreatic duct drains via
Definition
major duodenal papilla into the duodenum of the small intestine
Term
location of pancreas
Definition
abdomen partially behind the stomach
Term
substances produced by endocrine portion of pancreas
Definition
insulin and glucagon
Term
substances produced by the exocrine portion of the pancreas
Definition
1) enzymes that aid in digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine
2) HCO3 ions that neutralize acidic chyme in small intestine
Term
exocrine pancreatic secretions exit pancreas via
Definition
pancreatic duct
Term
location of large intestine
Definition
extends from small intestine to anus
Term
functions of large intestine
Definition
1) absorption of water
2) elimination of waste products
Term
divisions of large intestine
Definition
1) cecum
2) colon
3) rectum
4) anal canal
Term
cecum
Definition
first part of large intestine; joins with ileum of small intestine
Term
function of appendix
Definition
plays a role in immunity, can collect bacteria
Term
rectum
Definition
portion of large intestine located between the sigmoid colon and anal canal
Term
function of rectum
Definition
stores feces
Term
anal canal
Definition
last 2-3 cm of digestive tract; extends from rectum to anus
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