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ANT 3120: Chapter 23 (PHYS 3)
Respiratory System
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/27/2013

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Term
oxygen transport
Definition
1) ~1.5% dissolved in plasma
2) 98.5% transported via hemoglobin
Term
hemoglobin can bind up to ____ oxygen molecules
Definition
4
Term
SaO2
Definition
percent of Hb molecules fully saturated with oxygen
Term
measurement of SaO2 of arterial blood is by
Definition
pulse oximeter
Term
normal values of pulse oximeter
Definition
95% to 99%
Term
P02 of 95 mm Hg, SaO2 is
Definition
approx. 100%
Term
P02 of 40 mm Hg, SaO2 is
Definition
approx. 75%
Term
changes in CO2/pH that affects Hb-oxygen binding
Definition
1) increase in CO2/decreases in pH decreases binding
2) decrease in CO2/increase in pH increases binding
Term
Bohr effect
Definition
effect of CO2 on Hb-oxygen binding
Term
O2 capacity
Definition
greatest amount of O2 that can be carried in 100 mL of blood
Term
O2 content
Definition
amount of O2 that is carried in 100 mL of blood
Term
carbon dioxide transport
Definition
1) approx. 5% dissolved in plasma
2) approx. 5% attached to hemoglobin
3) approx. 90% forms HCO3
Term
Haldane effect
Definition
effect of oxygen on Hb-CO2 binding
Term
perfusion
Definition
volume of blood per minute delivered to alveoli for gas exchange
Term
average ratio of perfusion to ventilation
Definition
0.8
Term
greatest effect on perfusion
Definition
level of oxygen in alveoli (PAO2)
Term
obstructive pulmonary disease
Definition
1) emphysema (COPD)
2) chronic bronchitis (COPD)
3) asthma
Term
emphysema
Definition
loss of elastic fibers in walls of bronchioles and alveoli which causes
1) increase in compliance
2) loss of elastic recoil causes air to be trapped
Term
chronic bronchitis
Definition
increased daily mucus production and airway inflammation for at least 3 months in 2 or more consecutive years
Term
asthma
Definition
airway obstruction caused by bronchoconstriction and inflammation
Term
restrictive pulmonary disease
Definition
1) interstitial lung disease
2) diseases that affect respiratory muscles
3) infant respiratory distress syndrome
4) acute respiratory distress syndrome
Term
interstitial lung disease
Definition
lungs become fibrotic which causes
1) decrease in compliance
2) failure of lungs to expand properly
3) fibrosis impairs gas exchange
Term
diseases that affect respiratory muscles
Definition
1) ALS
2) Guillain Barre Syndrome
3) muscular dystrophy
Term
infant respiratory distress syndrome
Definition
child does not produce surfactant which causes
1) decrease in compliance
2) alveoli collapse
Term
acute respiratory distress syndrome
Definition
diffuse alveolar pulmonary capillary damage which
1) impairs gas exchange
2) lowers ventilation
Term
acute respiratory distress syndrome is due to
Definition
trauma or illness
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