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ANT 3120: Chapter 23 (PHYS 2)
Respiratory System
43
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/26/2013

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Term
function of forced vital capacity
Definition
useful in assessing function of respiratory system
Term
FVC
Definition
5000 mL; volume of air forcefully expired after a maximal inspiration
Term
FEV1
Definition
3500 to 4000 mL; volume of air forcefully expired during the first second
Term
normal FEV1/FVC
Definition
70% to 80%
Term
pulmonary ventilation
Definition
movement of air into lungs
Term
minute ventilation (VE)
Definition
volume of air moved into the lungs per minute; 6000 mL/minute
Term
alveolar ventilation
Definition
volume of air available for gas exchange per minute; 4200 mL/minute
Term
pressures involved with breathing
Definition
1) barometric air pressure
2) alveolar pressure
3) pleural pressure
Term
barometric air pressure (PB)
Definition
atmospheric air pressure outside body (regardless of proximity)
Term
alveolar pressure (Palv)
Definition
pressure inside of an alveolus
Term
pleural pressure (Ppl)
Definition
pressure in the pleural cavity
Term
pneumothorax
Definition
presence of excess air in the pleural cavity leading to an increase in Ppl
Term
simple pneumothorax
Definition
Ppl and Palv are equal
Term
tension pneumothorax
Definition
Ppl is more positive than Palv
Term
respiratory center
Definition
bilateral network of neurons with pacemaker-like activity in the medulla
Term
function of dorsal respiratory group
Definition
innervate and drive the respiratory muscles
Term
function of ventral respiratory group
Definition
innervate and drive the respiratory muscles; contains pacemaker neurons (pre-Botzinger complex)
Term
inputs from the body that affects respiratory center
Definition
1) pontine respiratory group/pneumotaxic center
2) apneustic center
3) cortex
4) hypothalamus
5) chemoreceptors
6) pulmonary stretch receptors
7) proprioceptors and exteroreceptors
Term
pontine respiratory group/pneuomtaxic center (description)
Definition
group of neurons in the pons that regulate the duration of inspiration
Term
effect of pontine respiratory group/pneuomtaxic center
Definition
causes short, fast, shallow inspiration
Term
apneustic center (description)
Definition
group of neurons in the pons that regulate the duration of inspiration
Term
effect of apneustic center
Definition
causes long, slow, deep inspiration
Term
cortex (description)
Definition
voluntary aspect of breathing
Term
hypothalamus (description)
Definition
emotional aspect of breathing
Term
central chemoreceptors
Definition
chemoreceptors located in multiple areas of the medulla and pons
Term
peripheral chemoreceptors (glomus cells)
Definition
chemoreceptors located in carotid body
Term
function of central chemoreceptors
Definition
monitor CO2
Term
function of peripheral chemoreceptors
Definition
monitor O2
Term
main stimulus to breathing
Definition
CO2
Term
what stimulates breathing in extreme instances
Definition
O2
Term
location of pulmonary stretch receptors
Definition
throughout airways and alveoli
Term
function of pulmonary stretch receptors
Definition
detect amount of stretch in lungs; sends inhibitory input when lungs are inflated
Term
location of proprioceptors and exteroreceptors
Definition
throughout limbs and body
Term
function of proprioceptors and exteroreceptors
Definition
exercise/pain causes stimulation of breathing
Term
gas exchange occurs in respiratory zone between
Definition
alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
Term
atmospheric dry air
Definition
760 mm Hg
Term
percentage of dry air: nitrogen
Definition
79%
Term
percentage of dry air: oxygen
Definition
21%
Term
partial pressure can be changed by changing
Definition
1) atmospheric pressure
2) percentage of gases in a mixture
Term
atmospheric pressures decrease with
Definition
higher altitudes
Term
atmospheric pressures increase with
Definition
depth under water
Term
water vapor pressure
Definition
pressure exerted by gaseous water molecules at full saturation
Term
partial pressure of water
Definition
47 mm Hg
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