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ANT 3100: Neurotransmitters
Chapter 11
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/25/2012

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Term
is acetylcholine excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
both
Term
what is acetylcholine important in?
Definition
arousal, sleep, attention, memory
Term
what does acetylcholine stimulate?
Definition
skeletal muscle
Term
acetylcholine (ACh) [description]
Definition
neurotransmitter of the autonomic nervous system
Term
Alzheimer's
Definition
loss of ACh-producing neurons involved in memory loss
Term
treatment of Alzheimer's
Definition
treat with ACh reuptake inhibitors
Term
3 monoamines
Definition
1) Dopamine
2) Norepinephrine
3) seotonin/5-HT
Term
3 amino acids
Definition
1) glutamate
2) GABA
3) glycine
Term
3 neuropeptides
Definition
1) endorphins
2) enkephalins
3) substance P
Term
2 gaseous neurotransmitters
Definition
1) nitric oxide
2) carbon monoxide
Term
is dopamine excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
both
Term
what is dopamine important in?
Definition
movement, attention, motivation, and pleasure
Term
what are high levels of dopamine linked to?
Definition
Tourette's, schizophrenia, and psychosis
Term
treatment of high levels of dopamine
Definition
treat with dopamine receptor antagonist
Term
treatment of low levels of dopamine linked to depression, addictive behavior, and ADD
Definition
treat with dopamine reuptake inhibitors
Term
Parkinson's disease
Definition
loss of dopamine-producing neurons
Term
is Norepinephrine excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
both
Term
what is Norepinephrine important in?
Definition
decision making, attention, and mood
Term
Norepinephrine [description]
Definition
neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system
Term
treatment of low levels of norepinephrine linked to ADD and depression
Definition
treat with norepeinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Term
is serotonin excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
both
Term
what is serotonin important in?
Definition
temperature regulation, sleep, mood, nausea, vomiting
Term
serotonin stimulates
Definition
the gut
Term
treatment of low levels of serotonin linked to depression
Definition
treat with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Term
low levels of serotonin might be linked to
Definition
sudden infant death syndrome
Term
ecstasy
Definition
causes serotonin release and inhibits serotonin reuptake
Term
what happens with prolonged use of ecstasy?
Definition
prolonged use can stop natural production of serotonin
Term
is glutamate excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS
Term
glutamate functions in
Definition
learning and memory
Term
high levels of glutamate can cause
Definition
seizures and neural degradation
Term
treatment of seizures and neural degeneration caused by high levels of glutamate
Definition
treat with drugs that block glutamate release and receptors
Term
is GABA excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
Term
is glycine excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
Term
Huntington's disease
Definition
*caused by death of GABA-producing cells
treat with GABAergic drugs
Term
epileptic activity
Definition
treat with drugs used to increase GABA [GABAergic drugs]
Term
are endorphins and enkephalins excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
inhibitory
Term
endorphins and enkephalins are important in
Definition
regulation of pain and gut motility
Term
what binds to endorphin receptors [binding causes activation]?
Definition
morphine and demorol
Term
is substance P excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
excitatory
Term
what is substance P important in?
Definition
regulation of pain, anxiety, nausea, and breathing
Term
what results in the inhibition of substance P?
Definition
inhibition reduces pain and prevents nausea
Term
gaseous neurotransmitters (description)
Definition
cannot be stored; produced as they are needed
Term
is nitric oxide excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
both
Term
nitric oxide is thought to be involved in
Definition
learning and memory
Term
nitric oxide is involved in
Definition
erection, blood vessel tone, neurotransmitter release
Term
is carbon monoxide excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
both
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