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ANT 3100: Chapter 9
Anatomy
42
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/01/2012

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Term
three types of muscle tissue
Definition
1) skeletal
2) cardiac
3) smooth
Term
description of skeletal muscle tissue
Definition
attached to mainly bones, striated, voluntary
Term
cells of skeletal muscle tissue
Definition
long and cylinder like
Term
description of cardiac muscle tissue
Definition
found in heart, striated, involuntary
Term
cells of cardiac muscle tissue
Definition
shorter in length than skeletal muscle fibers and are branched; contain many gap junctions
Term
description of smooth muscle tissue
Definition
located in the walls of hallow organs and in skin, nonstriated, involuntary
Term
3 functions of muscle tissue
Definition
1) movement
2) support
3) generates heat
Term
how does skeletal muscle tissue function in movement?
Definition
walking, running, venous return
Term
how does cardiac muscle tissue function in movement?
Definition
blood in heart
Term
how does smooth muscle tissue function in movement?
Definition
food in digestive system
Term
how do muscle tissue function in support?
Definition
helps with posture and strengthens abdominal wall and joints
Term
how do muscle tissue function in generating heat?
Definition
heat is generated during the process of muscle contraction (shivering)
Term
3 layers of connective tissue associated with skeletal muscles
Definition
1) epimysium
2) perimysium
3) endomysium
Term
description of epimysium
Definition
layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire external surface of a muscle
Term
description of perimysium
Definition
connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle
Term
fascicle
Definition
group of muscle fibers
Term
description of endomysium
Definition
layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber
Term
the three layers of connective tissue help form
Definition
tendons of a muscle
Term
muscle fibers
Definition
also known as skeletal muscle cells
Term
unique structure of muscle fibers
Definition
1) highly specialized plasma membrane
2) highly specialized sarcoplasm
Term
sarcoplasm
Definition
cytoplasm of muscle cell
Term
the sarcoplasm contains high amounts of
Definition
1) glycogen (storage form of glucose)
2) myoglobin (red pigment that stores O2 in muscle cells)
Term
myofibrils
Definition
microscopic rod-like structures in the sarcoplasm
Term
myofibrils contain
Definition
myofilaments
Term
two types of myofilaments
Definition
1) thick
2) thin
Term
description of thick myofilaments
Definition
composed of the protein myosin; each myosin protein has one tail and two heads
Term
description of thin filaments
Definition
composed of proteins actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
Term
actin
Definition
each actin molecule contains a myosin binding site
Term
description of cross bridges
Definition
formed during muscle contraction when myosin heads bind to myosin binding sites
Term
tropomyosin
Definition
string like protein; covers the myosin binding sites on actin when a muscle cell is at rest
Term
description of troponin
Definition
divided into three parts; binds to actin, tropomyosin, and calcium
Term
description of sarcomere
Definition
sectioned regions of myofibrils; extends from one Z disk to another Z disk
Term
each sarcomere contains
Definition
1) A band
2) I band
3) H zone
4) M line
Term
A band
Definition
contains both thick and thin myofilaments
Term
I band
Definition
contains only thin myofilaments; bisected by Z disk
Term
H zone
Definition
contains only thick myofilaments
Term
M line
Definition
middle of H zone; contains proteins that connect thick myofilaments
Term
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a skeletal muscle cell
Term
terminal cisternae
Definition
dilated ends of the sarcoplasmic reticulum; located on both sides of a T tubule
Term
transverse tubule (T tubule)
Definition
infoldings of the sarcolemma
Term
function of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
stores Calcium (plays a critical role in muscle contraction)
Term
neuromuscular junction
Definition
specialized synapse between a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a muscle cell
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