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ANT 3100: Chapter 13
Part 1
61
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/31/2012

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Term
4 parts of the brain
Definition
1) cerebrum
2) diencephalon
3) brain stem
4) cerebellum
Term
cerebrum (description)
Definition
bulk of the brain
Term
3 functions of the cerebrum
Definition
1)receives and interprets sensory inputs
2)controls voluntary motor movements
3)involved with cognitive and emotional processing
Term
the surface of the cerebrum contains
Definition
gyri and sulci
Term
gyri
Definition
elevations
Term
sulci
Definition
grooves
Term
deepest groove
Definition
longitudinal fissure
Term
3 major sulci and fissures
Definition
1) central sulcus
2) lateral fissure
3) parieto-occipital sulcus
Term
central sulcus
Definition
divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
Term
lateral sulcus
Definition
separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
Term
the cerebrum contains both
Definition
gray and white matter
Term
gray matter
Definition
formed by millions of neuron cell bodies; no myelin
Term
gray matter is located
Definition
cerebral cortex and basal nuclei
Term
white matter is located
Definition
deep to the cerebral cortex, surrounds nuclei
Term
white matter
Definition
formed by axons of neurons
Term
cerebral cortex (description)
Definition
superficial layer of the cerebrum
Term
3 kinds of functional areas in the cerebral cortex
Definition
1) motor
2) sensory
3) association
Term
motor areas (description)
Definition
controls voluntary muscle movement
Term
3 motor areas
Definition
1) primary motor cortex
2) premotor area
3) prefrontal area
Term
the primary motor cortex is located
Definition
on the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
Term
function of the primary motor cortex
Definition
controls contraction of skeletal muscle
Term
the premotor area is located
Definition
anterior to the primary motor cortex on the frontal lobe
Term
function of the premotor area
Definition
"planning area" where motor functions are organized before they area carried out by the primary motor cortex
Term
the prefrontal area is located
Definition
anterior to the premotor area on the frontal lobe
Term
function of the prefrontal area
Definition
thought to be involved with the regulation of emotional behavior
Term
sensory areas (description)
Definition
concerned with awareness of sensation
Term
2 sensory areas
Definition
1) primary somatic sensory cortex
2) visual cortex
Term
the primary somatic sensory cortex is located
Definition
on the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe
Term
function of the primary somatic sensory cortex
Definition
receives impulses (concerning general sensation, pain, pressure, and temperature) from sensory receptors located in the skin and skeletal muscle
Term
the visual cortex is located
Definition
on the occipital lobe
Term
function of the visual cortex
Definition
receives impulses conveying visual information
Term
association areas (description)
Definition
involved with integrative functions
Term
3 association areas
Definition
1) somatic sensory association area
2) Broca's area
3) Wernicke's area
Term
the somatosensory association area is located
Definition
posterior to the primary somatic sensory cortex
Term
function of the somatosensory association area
Definition
involved with the ability to recognize an object by touch
Term
Broca's area
Definition
controls muscles responsible for the production of speech
Term
Wernicke's area
Definition
involved with understanding and formulating speech
Term
3 parts of the diencephalon
Definition
1) thalamus
2) hypothalamus
3) epithalamus
Term
thalamus
Definition
relay station for most sensory (except smell) impulses that reach the cerebral cortex
Term
5 functions of the hypothalamus
Definition
1) controls and integrates activities of the autonomic nervous system
2) controls pituitary gland
3) regulates feelings of rage, aggression, pain, and pleasure
4) regulates thirst and food intake
5) regulates body temperature
Term
epithalamus (description)
Definition
contains the pineal gland
Term
2 functions of the pineal gland
Definition
1) secretes the hormone melatonin
2) may contribute to the sleep-wake cycle
Term
3 parts of the brain stem
Definition
1) midbrain
2) pons
3) medulla oblongata
Term
2 functions of the midbrain
Definition
1) integrates motor and sensory impulses
2) involved with hearing and visual reflexes
Term
function of the pons
Definition
integrates information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum
Term
function of the medulla oblongata
Definition
regulates heartbeat, BP, breathing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and hiccuping
Term
function of the cerebellum
Definition
regulates coordinated skeletal muscle movements, posture, and balance
Term
meninges (description)
Definition
three connective tissue layers that cover and protect the CNS
1) dura mater
2) arachnoid mater
3) pia mater
Term
dura mater
Definition
most superficial layer
Term
arachnoid mater
Definition
middle layer
Term
the space above the dura
Definition
epidural space (potential space)
Term
space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
Definition
subdural space (potential space)
Term
pia mater
Definition
adheres to the surface of the brain
Term
space between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater
Definition
subarachnoid space
Term
the subarachnoid space is filled with
Definition
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Term
function of the CSF
Definition
nourishes and protects the brain and spinal cord
Term
CSF is produced in
Definition
ventricles of the brain by cells of the choroid plexus
Term
movement of CSF
Definition
circulates through the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord
Term
lateral ventricles (2)
Definition
one located in each cerebral hemisphere
Term
third ventricle (1)
Definition
located between the two halves of the thalamus
Term
fourth ventricle (1)
Definition
located between the brain stem and the cerebellum
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