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ANSC*2340 Anatomy of The Skull
bones, division of skeleton, teeth
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/05/2014

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Cards

Term
How many separate bones are found in the skull?
Definition
37-38
Term
What connects the bones of the skull? Which bone is the exception to this?
Definition
Sutures
Mandible / Lower Jaw
Term
What are sutures?
Definition
immovable interlocking joints; strips of fibrous tissue that outline & unite margins of bone
Term
What are joints composed of?
Definition
connective tissue & cartilage
Term
What is the function of the openings in the skull?
Definition
pathways for blood vessels, spinal cord & nerves
Term
What are the two major divisions of the skull?
Definition
cranial (cranium/brain case)
facial
Term
What are the functions of the skull?
Definition
house & protect the brain
sensory organs
forms passages for respiratory & digestive tracts
Term
What are the external parts of the cranium?
Definition
occiptal
parietal
interparietal
temporal
frontal
Term
What are the internal parts of the cranium?
Definition
sphenoid, ethmoid
Term
What is/are the function(s) of the occiptal bone?
Definition
-forms base of skull
-has a hole where spinal cord emerges
-forms joint with the atlas
Term
What joint enables an animal to nod its head?
Definition
atlantooccipital joint
Term
What is the foramen magnum?
Definition
hole in the occiptal bone through which the spinal cord emerges
Term
What is a condyle?
Definition
a rounded prominence of bone used for articulation with another bone
Term
What bones are ventral to the parietal bones?
Definition
temporal bones
Term
What is/are the function(s) of the temporal bones?
Definition
-form lateral walls of the cranium
-contain most of the ear structures
-forms joint with the mandible
Term
What joint is formed between the mandible & temporal bones?
Definition
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Term
What is the function of the lower temporomandibular joint?
Definition
rotational movement (opening & closing)
Term
What is the function of the upper temporomandibular joint?
Definition
translational movement (sliding lower jaw forward or sideways)
Term
Describe the location of the frontal bones relative to the parietal bones?
Definition
rostral
Term
What bones form the rostrolateral portion of the cranium, and a portion of the orbit?
Definition
frontal bones
Term
What is the orbit?
Definition
bony socket that protects the eye
Term
Where is the horn core found?
Definition
in the corneal process
Term
What bone supports the brain & houses the pituitary?
Definition
sphenoid
Term
Describe the position of the sphenoid bone relative to the occipital bone
Definition
rostral
Term
Describe the position of the ethmoid bone relative to the sphenoid bone
Definition
rostral
Term
Through which bones do branches of the olfactory nerve pass?
Definition
ethmoid
Term
What are the most rostral bones of the face?
Definition
incisive / premaxillary bones
Term
Which bones form the bridge of the nose
Definition
nasal bones
Term
Which bones make up the majority of the upper jaw, and what is their function?
Definition
maxillary bones -house canines & cheek teeth -form hard palate
Term
What bones form the rostral portion of the roof of the mouth?
Definition
maxillary bones
Term
What bones form the caudal portion of the roof of the mouth?
Definition
palatine bones
Term
What bones for the medial portion of the orbit?
Definition
lacrimal
Term
What bones join with the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch?
Definition
zygomatic / malar bones
Term
What muscle is found on the zygomatic arch, and is important for chewing?
Definition
masseter muscle
Term
What is the function of the mandible?
Definition
houses all the lower teeth
Term
What is the only moving skull bone?
Definition
the mandible
Term
What is the ramus?
Definition
the caudal end of the mandible
Term
Why do cattle & sheep have flat mandibular condyles?
Definition
allows for extensive horizontal movement of the lower jaw, important for grinding food
Term
What is the function of turbinates?
Definition
warms & humidifies air
traps small particles
role in olfactory senses
Term
What portions of the skeleton make up the axial division?
Definition
bones of head & trunk
-skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs
Term
What portions of the skeleton make up the appendicular division?
Definition
bones of the limbs/appendages
Term
[image]
Definition

1. nasal bone

2. fronal bone

3. parietal bone

4. occipital bone

5. mandibular condyle

6. zygomatic arch

7. mandible

8. molar

9. premolars

10. canines

11. incisors

12. premaxilla

13. maxillar

Term
[image]
Definition
[image]
Term
What are the two basic types of tooth in farm animals, and how can you tell them apart?
Definition
Selenodont - crescent shaped ridges
Bunodont - rounded enamel-covered tubercles
Term
What are the 3 materials teeth are composed of?
Definition
enamel
dentine
cementum
Term
What is dentine?
Definition
softer tooth material filling the center of bunodont tooth
Term
Is dentine found in selenodont or bunodont teeth?
Definition
bunodont
Term
What is cementum?
Definition
the root of bunodont teeth, continues up selenodont
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