Term
| What are the two subdivisions of the ANS? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many neurons does each unit of information use, when traveling from the brain to the target tissue? |
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Definition
| 2, a pre gang and post gang |
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Term
| How do these two neurons communicate? |
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Definition
| Via a synapse in the ganglia |
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Term
| (T/F) The ganglia of the ANS is within the CNS |
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Definition
| False, it is external to the CNS |
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Term
| What levels to sympathetic nerves arise from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do PNS nerves originate from? |
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Definition
- CN III, VII, IX, X
- Sacral levels 2, 3 and 4 |
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Term
| What is the function of the sympathetic system, when activated? |
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Definition
- Shunts blood away from viscera into skeletal muscles and sweat glands
- Causes release of epi/norepi into circulation, from adrenal medulla |
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Term
| (T/F) PNS activation generally has an opposite effect |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) SNS/PNS subdivision is the only way to categorize ANS nerves |
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Definition
| False, they are classified by their physical distribution |
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Term
| Describe subdivision by physical distribution |
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Definition
- Body walls/limbs and superficial head/neck
- Organ systems within the abdomen |
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Term
| What are splanchnic nerves? |
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Definition
| The nerves that allow the ANS to communicate with the organs in the abdomen |
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Term
| Where do the pregang neurons of the SNS originate? |
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Definition
| In the intermediate horn of the spinal cord for levels T1-L2 |
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Term
| Describe the somatotopical arrangement of pre-gang fibres of the SNS? |
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Definition
- Fibres that need to travel superiorly originate in the superior most portion of the intermediate horn (ie head/neck)
- Fibres that travel to the thorax exit inferiorly from these and so on, then
- Pelvic/lower limb nerves exit at L1/2 |
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Term
| How are the cell bodies of the SNS organized? |
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Definition
| Into the sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) |
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Term
| Where is this trunk located? |
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Definition
| Just outside the vertebral column |
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Term
| What structure allows the pre-gang fibres to enter the trunk? |
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Definition
| - White ramus communicans |
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Term
| What structure allows the post-gang fibres to exit the trunk, if a synapse has occured? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Sympathetic trunks lie on each side of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| What do these trunks consist of? |
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Definition
| Interconnected sympathetic ganglia that run from C1-S5 |
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Term
| (T/F) These cell bodies are also arranged somatotopically |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ganglia are there per sympathetic nerve, usually? Which nerves are different? |
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Definition
| One ganglia/symp nerve; cervical and coccygeal ganglia are different |
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Term
| What happens with the cervical ganglia? |
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Definition
| They generally fuse into 3 ganglia |
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Term
| Name the 3 cervical ganglia, and which cervical nerves are associated with each? |
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Definition
1. Superior - C1-4
2. Middle - C5-6
3. Inferior - C7-8 |
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Term
| What is the Ganglion Impar? |
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Definition
| The gangloion formed by the fusion of the canglia of the 2 lowermost coccygeal ganglia |
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Term
| (T/F) Sympathetic nerves to the skin and blood vessels of limbs, body walls and superficial head and neck always synapse in the sympathetic trunk |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the 3 possibilities for the sympathetic nerve, once it has enetered the sympathetic trunk via the WRC? |
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Definition
1. Synapse at same level and leave via the grey ramus communicans to re-join the spinal nerve
2. Travel superiorly to synapse at a higher level, then leave via GRC and join a spinal nerve
3. Travel inferiorly, synapse |
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Term
| What is serviced by superiorly traveling pre-gang fibers? |
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Definition
| Skin and arteries of head, neck and upper limbs |
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Term
| What is serviced by inferiorly traveling pre-gang fibers? |
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Definition
| Skin and arteries of abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs |
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Term
| (T/F) White rami exist at all spinal levels |
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Definition
|
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Term
| (T/F) Sympathetic ganglia at all levels possess grey rami |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are splanchnic nerves? |
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Definition
| Those that travel to organs (viscera) |
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Term
| (T/F) All splanchnic nerves synapse in the sympathetic trunk |
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Definition
| False, the thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves do not |
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Term
| How many different pathways can the splanchnic pre-gang nerve follow? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Enters via WRC and synapses at its own level, going directly to the appropriate pelxus (ie some of the heart or lungs) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Travels superiorly in the trunk before synapse (ie head and neck and rest of heart) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Travels inferiorly in the trunk before synapse (ie bladder and reproductive organs) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pass through their corresponding ganglia without synapsing and synapse at a later ganglia |
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Term
| What happens to these nerves that pass directly through? |
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Definition
| Exit anteromedially as the thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves |
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Term
| What two ganglia can these nerves in? |
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Definition
1. Abdominal (preaortic)
2. Renal |
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Term
| *Already know what cranial PNS does* |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are pelvic splanchnic nerves? |
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Definition
| The PNS fibers that arise from S2-4 |
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Term
| What targets to these fibers innervate? |
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Definition
- Distal GI
- Bladder
- Urethra
- Control blood flow to sex organs |
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Term
| What 4 plexi do the vagus nerve + pelvic splanchnic nerves contribute to? |
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Definition
| 1. Thoracic plexus/ganglia 2. Abdominal plexus/ganglia 3. Pelvis plexus/ganglia 4. Enteric plexus |
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Term
| Where is sympathetic innervation of the organs above the diaphragm from? |
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Definition
| The upper ganglia in the sympathetic trunk (C1-T4) |
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Term
| (T/F) These neurons are arranged somatotopically |
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Definition
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Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the eye |
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Definition
- T1
- Superior cervical gang
- Follows internal/external carotid to innervate eye and eyelid |
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Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the heart |
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Definition
- T1-T4
- Trunk ganglia C1-T4
- Cardiac splanchnic nerve to the cardiac plexus |
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Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the lungs |
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Definition
- T1-T4
- Trunk ganglia T2-T4
- Splanchnic nerves to the pulmonary plexus |
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Term
| Where the the nerve fibers for the abdomen originate? |
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Definition
| In the thoracic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser and least thoracic and lumbar splanchnics) |
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Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the foregut |
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Definition
- T5-T9 (greater splanchnic nerve)
- Greater splanchnic nerve to celiac ganglion
- Follows branches of celiac trunk to tissue |
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|
Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the midgut |
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Definition
- T10-T11 (lesser splanchnic nerve)
- LSN to supeior mesenteric ganglion
- Follows superior mesenteric artery to midgut |
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Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the hindgut |
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Definition
- L1-L2 (lumbar splanchnic nerve)
- LSN to inferior mesenteric ganglion
- Follows inferior mesenteric artery to hindgut |
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|
Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the adrenal medulla |
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Definition
- T5-T9 (Greater splanchnic nerve)
- GSN through celiac ganglia directly to adrenal gland
- Synapses directly on adrenal gland |
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|
Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the kidneys |
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Definition
- T12-L1 (Least splanchnic nerve)
- Least SN to synapse in renal ganglion
- Follows renal areteries to kidneys |
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|
Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the bladder wall |
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Definition
- T11-L2
- Various ganglia
- Various |
|
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Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the bladder spincter vesicae |
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Definition
- T11-L2
- Inferior mesentery ganglia
- Through aorta chain - anterior hypogastric plexus |
|
|
Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the repro |
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Definition
- T12-L2
- Synapse at same level
- With least splanchnic nerves down to inferior hpogastric plexus |
|
|
Term
| List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the gonads |
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Definition
- T12 (least splanchnic)
- Least splanchnic to synaps in renal ganglion
- Follow gonadal arteries to gonads |
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|
Term
| List the 5 parasympathetic splanchnic nerves |
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Definition
| CN III, VII, IX, X, pelvic splanchnic nerves |
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Term
| List the pregang, gang, post gang and target for CN III |
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Definition
| Pregang travels to ciliary ganglion, which sends post-gang fibers to the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles |
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Term
| List the pregang, gang, post gang and target for the CN VII branch that innervates the lacrimal glands |
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Definition
- Pre-gang travels with CNVII
- Pterygopalantine ganglion
- Post gang directly to lacrimal gland |
|
|
Term
| List the pregang, gang, post gang and target for the CN VII branch that innervates the salivary glands |
|
Definition
- Pregang synapses in submandibular ganglion
- Target: sublingual and submandibular glands |
|
|
Term
| List the pregang, gang, post gang and target for the CN IX branch that innervates the salivary glands |
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Definition
- Otic ganglion
- Parotid gland |
|
|
Term
| List the targets of parasymp signals from the vagus nerve |
|
Definition
- Smooth muscle in pharynx/larynx
- All organs in thorax
- Proximal 2/3 of GI |
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|
Term
| List the targets of the pelvic parasympathetic splanchnic nerves |
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Definition
- Distal 1/3 of GI
- All pelvic organs |
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