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ANS
Autonomic Nervous System
65
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
01/22/2014

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Cards

Term
What are the two subdivisions of the ANS?
Definition
1. Sympa
2. Parasymp
Term
How many neurons does each unit of information use, when traveling from the brain to the target tissue?
Definition
2, a pre gang and post gang
Term
How do these two neurons communicate?
Definition
Via a synapse in the ganglia
Term
(T/F) The ganglia of the ANS is within the CNS
Definition
False, it is external to the CNS
Term
What levels to sympathetic nerves arise from?
Definition
T1-L2
Term
Where do PNS nerves originate from?
Definition
- CN III, VII, IX, X
- Sacral levels 2, 3 and 4
Term
What is the function of the sympathetic system, when activated?
Definition
- Shunts blood away from viscera into skeletal muscles and sweat glands
- Causes release of epi/norepi into circulation, from adrenal medulla
Term
(T/F) PNS activation generally has an opposite effect
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) SNS/PNS subdivision is the only way to categorize ANS nerves
Definition
False, they are classified by their physical distribution
Term
Describe subdivision by physical distribution
Definition
- Body walls/limbs and superficial head/neck
- Organ systems within the abdomen
Term
What are splanchnic nerves?
Definition
The nerves that allow the ANS to communicate with the organs in the abdomen
Term
Where do the pregang neurons of the SNS originate?
Definition
In the intermediate horn of the spinal cord for levels T1-L2
Term
Describe the somatotopical arrangement of pre-gang fibres of the SNS?
Definition

- Fibres that need to travel superiorly originate in the superior most portion of the intermediate horn (ie head/neck)

- Fibres that travel to the thorax exit inferiorly from these and so on, then

- Pelvic/lower limb nerves exit at L1/2

Term
How are the cell bodies of the SNS organized?
Definition
Into the sympathetic trunk (paravertebral)
Term
Where is this trunk located?
Definition
Just outside the vertebral column
Term
What structure allows the pre-gang fibres to enter the trunk?
Definition
- White ramus communicans
Term
What structure allows the post-gang fibres to exit the trunk, if a synapse has occured?
Definition
- Grey ramus communicans
Term
(T/F) Sympathetic trunks lie on each side of the spinal cord
Definition
True
Term
What do these trunks consist of?
Definition
Interconnected sympathetic ganglia that run from C1-S5
Term
(T/F) These cell bodies are also arranged somatotopically
Definition
True
Term
How many ganglia are there per sympathetic nerve, usually? Which nerves are different?
Definition
One ganglia/symp nerve; cervical and coccygeal ganglia are different
Term
What happens with the cervical ganglia?
Definition
They generally fuse into 3 ganglia
Term
Name the 3 cervical ganglia, and which cervical nerves are associated with each?
Definition
1. Superior - C1-4
2. Middle - C5-6
3. Inferior - C7-8
Term
What is the Ganglion Impar?
Definition
The gangloion formed by the fusion of the canglia of the 2 lowermost coccygeal ganglia
Term
(T/F) Sympathetic nerves to the skin and blood vessels of limbs, body walls and superficial head and neck always synapse in the sympathetic trunk
Definition
True
Term
Describe the 3 possibilities for the sympathetic nerve, once it has enetered the sympathetic trunk via the WRC?
Definition
1. Synapse at same level and leave via the grey ramus communicans to re-join the spinal nerve
2. Travel superiorly to synapse at a higher level, then leave via GRC and join a spinal nerve
3. Travel inferiorly, synapse
Term
What is serviced by superiorly traveling pre-gang fibers?
Definition
Skin and arteries of head, neck and upper limbs
Term
What is serviced by inferiorly traveling pre-gang fibers?
Definition
Skin and arteries of abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs
Term
(T/F) White rami exist at all spinal levels
Definition
False, only at T1-L2
Term
(T/F) Sympathetic ganglia at all levels possess grey rami
Definition
True
Term
What are splanchnic nerves?
Definition
Those that travel to organs (viscera)
Term
(T/F) All splanchnic nerves synapse in the sympathetic trunk
Definition
False, the thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves do not
Term
How many different pathways can the splanchnic pre-gang nerve follow?
Definition
4
Term
Describe pathway 1
Definition
Enters via WRC and synapses at its own level, going directly to the appropriate pelxus (ie some of the heart or lungs)
Term
Describe pathway 2
Definition
Travels superiorly in the trunk before synapse (ie head and neck and rest of heart)
Term
Describe pathway 3
Definition
Travels inferiorly in the trunk before synapse (ie bladder and reproductive organs)
Term
Describe pathway 4
Definition
Pass through their corresponding ganglia without synapsing and synapse at a later ganglia
Term
What happens to these nerves that pass directly through?
Definition
Exit anteromedially as the thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves
Term
What two ganglia can these nerves in?
Definition
1. Abdominal (preaortic)
2. Renal
Term
*Already know what cranial PNS does*
Definition
Term
What are pelvic splanchnic nerves?
Definition
The PNS fibers that arise from S2-4
Term
What targets to these fibers innervate?
Definition
- Distal GI
- Bladder
- Urethra
- Control blood flow to sex organs
Term
What 4 plexi do the vagus nerve + pelvic splanchnic nerves contribute to?
Definition
1. Thoracic plexus/ganglia 2. Abdominal plexus/ganglia 3. Pelvis plexus/ganglia 4. Enteric plexus
Term
Where is sympathetic innervation of the organs above the diaphragm from?
Definition
The upper ganglia in the sympathetic trunk (C1-T4)
Term
(T/F) These neurons are arranged somatotopically
Definition
True
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the eye
Definition
- T1
- Superior cervical gang
- Follows internal/external carotid to innervate eye and eyelid
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the heart
Definition
- T1-T4
- Trunk ganglia C1-T4
- Cardiac splanchnic nerve to the cardiac plexus
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the lungs
Definition
- T1-T4
- Trunk ganglia T2-T4
- Splanchnic nerves to the pulmonary plexus
Term
Where the the nerve fibers for the abdomen originate?
Definition
In the thoracic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser and least thoracic and lumbar splanchnics)
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the foregut
Definition
- T5-T9 (greater splanchnic nerve)
- Greater splanchnic nerve to celiac ganglion
- Follows branches of celiac trunk to tissue
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the midgut
Definition
- T10-T11 (lesser splanchnic nerve)
- LSN to supeior mesenteric ganglion
- Follows superior mesenteric artery to midgut
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the hindgut
Definition
- L1-L2 (lumbar splanchnic nerve)
- LSN to inferior mesenteric ganglion
- Follows inferior mesenteric artery to hindgut
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the adrenal medulla
Definition
- T5-T9 (Greater splanchnic nerve)
- GSN through celiac ganglia directly to adrenal gland
- Synapses directly on adrenal gland
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the kidneys
Definition
- T12-L1 (Least splanchnic nerve)
- Least SN to synapse in renal ganglion
- Follows renal areteries to kidneys
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the bladder wall
Definition
- T11-L2
- Various ganglia
- Various
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the bladder spincter vesicae
Definition
- T11-L2
- Inferior mesentery ganglia
- Through aorta chain - anterior hypogastric plexus
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the repro
Definition
- T12-L2
- Synapse at same level
- With least splanchnic nerves down to inferior hpogastric plexus
Term
List the pregang innervation, ganglion, and route of post-gang nerve to the gonads
Definition
- T12 (least splanchnic)
- Least splanchnic to synaps in renal ganglion
- Follow gonadal arteries to gonads
Term
List the 5 parasympathetic splanchnic nerves
Definition
CN III, VII, IX, X, pelvic splanchnic nerves
Term
List the pregang, gang, post gang and target for CN III
Definition
Pregang travels to ciliary ganglion, which sends post-gang fibers to the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles
Term
List the pregang, gang, post gang and target for the CN VII branch that innervates the lacrimal glands
Definition
- Pre-gang travels with CNVII
- Pterygopalantine ganglion
- Post gang directly to lacrimal gland
Term
List the pregang, gang, post gang and target for the CN VII branch that innervates the salivary glands
Definition
- Pregang synapses in submandibular ganglion
- Target: sublingual and submandibular glands
Term
List the pregang, gang, post gang and target for the CN IX branch that innervates the salivary glands
Definition
- Otic ganglion
- Parotid gland
Term
List the targets of parasymp signals from the vagus nerve
Definition
- Smooth muscle in pharynx/larynx
- All organs in thorax
- Proximal 2/3 of GI
Term
List the targets of the pelvic parasympathetic splanchnic nerves
Definition
- Distal 1/3 of GI
- All pelvic organs
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