Term
| β2 agonists (lung context) |
|
Definition
| Stimulate beta-2-R in smooth muscle of lungs, causing bronchodilation e.g. terbutaline, salbutamol, clenbuterol, adrenaline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| β2 agonist i.e. bronchodilator
Cats, 6-8hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| β2 agonist i.e. bronchodilator
-short acting, via inhaltion.
-dogs and horses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| β2 agonist i.e. sm. muscle relaxator
-used as bronchodilator and uterus relaxant
NB: banned in livestock due to incr. musc: fat ratio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used acutely to treat
-stimulates β2-R in lungs (bronchodilation), β1-R in heart (incr. rate and contractility) and alpha1-R in vasc. sm. musc. (vasoconstriction) |
|
|
Term
| Muscarinic-R antaogonists (lung context) |
|
Definition
Inhibit parasympathetic tone in lung smooth muscle and so act as bronchodilators
e.g. ipratropium, glycopyrrolate, atropine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A muscarinic-R antaogonist, used as a bronchidilator (inhibits parasymp. sm. musc. tone in lungs)
-charged so must be inhaled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A muscarinic-R antaogonist, used as a bronchidilator (inhibits parasymp. sm. musc. tone in lungs)
- inhibits ALL muscarinic-R so lots of s. effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class of drug which act as bronchodilators, unclear meachanism
e.g. theophylline, aminophylline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A methylxanthine - drug which act as bronchodilators, unclear meachanism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enhance mucus removal from the lungs by making mucous less viscous
e.g. Bromhexine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mucolytic drug - enhances mucus removal from the lungs by making mucous less viscous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enhance mucus removal from lungs by increasing vol. of secretions and facilitating removal by ciliary action and coughing e.g. guaifenesin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An expectorant - enhances mucus removal from lungs by increasing vol. of secretions and facilitating removal by ciliary action and coughing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
To aid obstetrical manoeuvers, facilitate uterus handling, dlay labour onset if necessary
e.g. clenbuterol, vetrabutine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To hasten labour, limit post-partum bleeding, eject retained placenta e.g. oxytocin, carbotocin (an oxytocin synthetic analogue), PGF2α analogues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An oestrogen supplement used to treat urinary incontinence in females - expression of alpha-1-R on bladder sphincter is oestrogen dependent |
|
|
Term
| alpha-1 agonists (in context of bladder) |
|
Definition
-stimulate alpha-1-R on bladder sphicter muscle, stimulating contraction and urine storage
e.g. phenylephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -alpha-1-agonist - stimulate alpha-1-R on bladder sphicter muscle, stimulating contraction and urine storage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A NA displacing agent - to enable actiavation of any remaining alpha-1-R and cause contraction of the bladder sphincter and so urinary retention |
|
|
Term
| Muscarinic antagonist (bladder context) |
|
Definition
Block muscuarinic-R in bladder detrusor muscle and so prevent urine expulsion
e.g. propantheline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A muscarinic antagonist - Blocks muscuarinic-R in bladder detrusor muscle and so prevent urine expulsion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscarinic agonist used to treat urinary retention - stimulates M3R on detrusor muscle, causing bladder contraction and urination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alpha-1-antagonist - blocks alpha-1-R on sphincter muscles of bladder and so prevents contraction - used to treat urinary retention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic antagonists - used to induce mydriasis (widening of pupil) by inhibiting M3R on circular musc
e.g. tropicamide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic antagonist - used to induce mydriasis (widening of pupil) by inhibiting M3R on circular musc
-1-2hr duration and only minor cycloplegic effect |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of horners syndrome |
|
Definition
phenylephrine (alpha-1 agonist)
-pronounced dilation - post-ganglionic
-little/no effect - pre-ganglionic
hyfroxyampfentamine (NA displacer)
pronouced dilation - pre-gangionic
little/no effect - post gangionic |
|
|
Term
| Drugs to treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca |
|
Definition
Increase tear production
-ciclosporin (inhibits immune-mediated destruction of tear gland)
-pilocarpine (M3 agonist) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca- immunosupp. drug which decr. autoimmune-mediated destruction of the tear duct and so incr. tear production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| M3-agonists - stimulates tear production from lacrimal gland (if function left) ie. incr. tear production to tx. keratoconjuncitivis sicca |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mitotics e.g. pilocarpine, carbachol
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors e.g. acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide
-beta-blockers - timolol, betaxolol, cartolol
-hyperosmotic agents (emergency tx) e.g. glycerol, mannitol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Direct parasympathetomimetics e.g. pilocarpine, carbachol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Direct parasympathetomimetics used to induct miosis in glaucoma tx - incr. drainage
-effective in 15 mins, lasts 6-9hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Direct parasympathetomimetics used to induct miosis in glaucoma tx - incr. drainage
-longer lasting c.f. pilocarpine i.e. >6-9hours |
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
|
Definition
-used in glaucoma tx by decreasing aqueous humour production by decreasing HCO3- production
e.g. acetazolamide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
-used in glaucoma tx by decreasing aqueous humour production by decreasing HCO3- production |
|
|
Term
| beta-blockers in tx. of glaucoma |
|
Definition
inhibit beta-1-R in ciliary body and so decr. aqueous humour production
e.g. timolol, betaxolol, carteolol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx. of glaucoma - inhibit beta-1-R in ciliary body and so decr. aqueous humour production
Not selective - also inhibits beta-2-R |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx. of glaucoma - inhibit beta-1-R in ciliary body and so decr. aqueous humour production
Roughly selective beta-1 > beta-2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hyperosmotic agents
e.g. glycerol (mouth)
mannitol (IV)
Used w. acetazolamide (CA inhibitor) |
|
|
