Term
| Deficiency of this element results in "slipped tendon disease" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Required for normal skin; deficiency causes parakeratosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False?
Plants contain vitamin A which animals can utilize |
|
Definition
| False - Plants have β-carotene, not vitamin A |
|
|
Term
| A deficiency of this vitamin causes symptoms called pellagra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin is most likely to be deficient in diets of ruminants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False?
Vitamins get their name from the fact that some of the first vitamins contained nitrogen and are essential for life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of vitamins contains the vitamins that are most likely to cause a toxicity when overdosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tryptophan can be converted to this vitamin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This vitamin is needed for decarboxylation reactions, such as conversion of pryruvate to Acetyl CoA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This vitamin is part of the molecules that transmit impulses across the synapse of nerve cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency of this vitamin can cause stillbirth in sows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antagonists to this vitamin are used in patients with heart disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This vitamin is sometimes referred to as B6 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two vitamins are typically NOT added to diets of pigs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For each acetyl CoA that enters Krebs how many H are produced and transported to the electron transport system? |
|
Definition
| 8 -- 3 NADH+H = 6; 1 FADH+H = 2 |
|
|
Term
If a 17-carboned saturated fatty acid goes through b-oxidation, how many
acetyl CoA are produced? |
|
Definition
| 7 -- Odd carboned, so one 3C unit and seven 2C (acetyl CoA) units |
|
|
Term
How many ATP are ultimately generated from the production and oxidation
of each acetylCoA produced by b-oxidation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ketosis is most common in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False?
Monosaccharides in grains and fiber in forages can be used to make body fat. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A "slope-ratio assay" is a method used to: |
|
Definition
| determine the amount of mineral in a feed that can be utilized by the animal |
|
|
Term
| Which best indicates the amount of mineral in a feed that benefits the animal? |
|
Definition
| bioavailability of the mineral |
|
|
Term
| Products like "Natuphosâ" are used in diets of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which does the body conserve most efficiently? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency can cause anemia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some people take a dietary supplement that contains this element to improve/maintain the joints: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vitamin added to "fortified flour" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these is part of microbial protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
|
Parakeratosis normally occurs when animals are fed very high levels of
in the diet
|
|
|
Definition
| calcium -- binds Zinc in gut so Zinc not absorbed causing parakeratosis |
|
|
Term
| Can cause a deficiency of copper even when the diets have normal amounts of copper: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin is least likely to be deficient in ruminants? |
|
Definition
| Vitamin K -- synthesized by bacteria in rumen |
|
|
Term
| Inability to absorb this vitamin causes chronic anemia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A "complete mineral" for ruminants would likely have in the lowest concentration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Severe deficiency in growing chickens causes perosis - commonly called
"slipped tendon" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vitamin most involved in metabolism of synthesis of fatty acids: |
|
Definition
| pantothenic acid -- part of coenzyme A |
|
|
Term
| "DCAB" is a dietary strategy that is used to reduce the incidence of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chlorine in blood is balanced out by the in blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hair samples are sometimes analyzed for this mineral to determine if the
animals diet is adequate in the mineral. |
|
Definition
| zinc -- accumulates in hair |
|
|
Term
| Involved in immune response to pathogens; maintains integrity of all membranes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is required in higher doses as the fat/oil content of the diet increases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In pigs and poultry, visible symptoms are dermatitis and cracks in the hooves
and toes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which element can be absorbed from the stomach, small intestine and large intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fat/Water Soluble?
Which has the highest potential for toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involved in amino acid metabolism: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin is most important for cattle grazing dead frosted grass in the winter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is added to salt humans consume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dietary need for this vitamin is reduced when animals consume a diet high in good quality protein: |
|
Definition
| niacin -- tryptophan (amino acid) can be converted to niacin |
|
|
Term
| Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by an enzyme that contains: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bioavailability of this mineral is most important for pigs and poultry: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which pathways are involved in the catabolism of fatty acids? |
|
Definition
| Krebs, B-oxidation, ETC, Ketogenesis |
|
|
Term
| The Calories on food labels are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mineral that is part of thyroxine: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency causes perosis in chickens: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Needed in "large" quantities compared to other vitamins: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complete oxidation of 1 Acetyl CoA in Krebs Cycle and electron transport system results in the production of ATP. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once amino acids are deaminated, most of the remaining C-skeletons are transformed into molecules that are part of the Krebs Cycle. These molecules ultimately become which is converted to glucose. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the urea cycle located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Deficiency can cause anemia:
Vitamin
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which pathways are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A "bomb calorimeter" is used to determine: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each pyruvate results in the production of X NADH+H as it changed to acetyl CoA which is degraded in the Krebs Cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Synthesis of long chain fatty acids is the sequential addition of acetylCoA and hydrogens. In ruminants what is the precursor molecule used to make acetylCoA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hormone decreases loss of calcium in the urine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An organic from of this mineral fed to sows can increase the number of pigs born/litter: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Production and complete oxidation of each acetyl CoA produced by b-oxidation results in the production of ATP. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ketosis can be fatal because the ketones make the blood: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which has a higher priority for dietary calcium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occurs primarily in castrated ruminants: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Altering the levels of potassium, sodium, chloride and sulfur in the diet can minimize this condition: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mineral that is needed for normal connective tissue in the skin: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extreme deficiency causes dermatitis and cracked hooves in pigs: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Caused by inability to remove calcium from the bone fast enough to meet requirements: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Functions as a cofactor needed for metabolism of fatty acids: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more efficient in ruminants, using dietary energy to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The "heat of fermentation" is a when ruminants are using dietary energy only for growth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mineral that is part of chondroitin sulfate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which has a major role in energy metabolism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When farm animals have a marginal intake of Ca and P, (say 40% of the daily need) most of absorbed mineral will be used for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This element is almost always added in an inorganic form to diets that contain a high content of grain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A diet for beef feedlot steers contains 2% N. What should the minimum sulfur content be? |
|
Definition
| .2% -- 10:1 RATIO; 2/10=.2% |
|
|
Term
| Which of the three factors given below can be provided without altering the composition of the diet? |
|
Definition
| Vitamin D adequacy – (sunlight) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vitamin premixes typically provide amounts of vitamins in the diet that are
the established requirements. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Process that is part of the synthesis of non-essential amino acids: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acetyl CoA is the molecule needed for . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which pathway provides the H needed for synthesis of fatty acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which contain a B-vitamin as part of their structure?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which fat soluble vitamin is measured only by weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which can be synthesized by microbes in the digestive tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the B-vitamins are involved in metabolizing: |
|
Definition
| monosaccharides-thiamine niacin riboflavin |
|
|
Term
| Deficiency of this vitamin is associated with consumption of grains, and consumption of foods with poor protein quality. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which needs “intrinsic factor” for absorption? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the most “important” vitamin (greatest chance of natural deficiency) for ruminants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the net production of ATP from complete oxidation of one glucose and one stearic acid? |
|
Definition
184 – (8X17)+(1X12)-2=146; 146 + 38=184
|
|
|
Term
| Diets of these species are routinely fortified with B-vitamins and Vitamin K: |
|
Definition
| pigs, horses, baby calves |
|
|
Term
| Which converts fatty acids into individual acetyl CoA molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the main means of producing NADPH+H? |
|
Definition
| Pentose Phosphate Pathway |
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin is part of rhodopsin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency of this vitamin can cause stillbirth in sows: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute deficiency in pigs results in cracking of the skins and hoofs: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Part of xanthine oxidase; more concern with a toxicity than a deficiency: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Content of this vitamin in ceral grains is high, but in a form not digested by non-ruminants: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An acute deficiency causes “curled” toe paralysis in poultry: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is normally not part of a “complete mineral” for cattle, sheep and goats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| “Bioavailability” of a mineral measures: |
|
Definition
| the amount of dietary mineral that is metabolized and stored in the body |
|
|
Term
| Which electrolyte is sometimes added to diets of incoming stressed feeder calves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which macromineral in manure normally limits how much manure can be applied to an acre of land? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This vitamin is sometimes called cyanocobalamine: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This vitamin is involved in transamination and deamination reactions: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two vitamins are potentially the most toxic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pompous in speech and manner |
|
|
