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Animal Nutrition Exam 1
Notes through water
36
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 1
01/27/2011

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Cards

Term
Socrates
Definition
food was to replace loss of water from skin and loss of heat
Term
Hippocrates
Definition
Father of medicine
Loss of weight during fasting is due to "insensible perspiration" from the skin and loss of heat
Term
Four Elements
Definition
Water
Air
Earth
Fire
Term
Four Properties
Definition
Wet
dry
hot
cold
Term
Da Vinci
Definition
No animal (whether of land or air) can live in an atmosphere which could not support a flame
Term
Lovosier
Definition
Father of modern chemistry
Law of conservation of mass
named oxygen
also, the father of nutrition
Term
Lunin
Definition
theorized 5th nutrient group
Term
Hopkins
Definition
proved the 5th group
Term
Funk
Definition
Isolated vital amines, Vitamins
Term
Autotroph
Definition
Sythesizes complex organic molecules through photosynthesis (carbon dioxide plus water gives you sugar and oxygen)
Known as self feeders, the higher plants
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
Must consume complex organic molecules
Molecules used through combustion (sugar plus oxygen gives you carbon dioxide, water, atp and heat)
Includes animals, fungi, and most bacteria
Term
Metabolism
Definition
Catabolism and Anabolism combined
Term
Anabolism
Definition
The building of body tissue
Term
catabolism
Definition
the breaking down of body tissue
Term
Alimentary Canal
Definition
Highly selective, flexible, and muscular.
Runs from mouth to anus
Term
Functions of the Digestive Tract
Definition
storage
prepare for absorption
absorption
reject undigested residue
fermentation in ruminants and hind gut fermentors
Term
Carnivore GI
Definition
Shorter, less volume
minimal compartments
fast rate of passage
brief storage
Term
Herbivore GI
Definition
Larger, more volume
stomach or hindgut compartmentalizing
slow passage means longer retention
Term
Mouth
Definition
Prehension (take it in)
Masticate (chew)
Deglutition (swallow)
Regurgitation (rumination, birds, etc.)
Term
Saliva
Definition
aids in bolus formation
Lubrication and moisture
Bactericidal Lysosomes
Buffer (bicarb)
Term
Salivary Glands
Definition
Parotid (watery)
Sublingual (mucin)
Submaxillary (mucin)
Term
Non Rum Esophagus
Definition
Motion: Peristalsis/reverse peristalsis
muscular tube connecting mouth to stomach
Term
Cardiac Sphincter
Definition
At the end of the esophagus before the stomach. Keeps food from coming back up. Most grazing rums dont have.
Term
Non Rum Stomach
Definition
Storage
Mixing into chyme
empties at a controlled rate
Chem and Enzyme dig (HCl, Pepsin, rennin)
Bacteriostat (pH~2)
Term
Pyloric sphinceter
Definition
controls entrance into the SI
Reactive to pH, lets a small amount in at a time in order to neutralize the chyme
Term
Parietal cells
Definition
Produces HCl
Term
Chief/peptic cells
Definition
pepsinogen
Term
Stimuli for gastric secretion
Definition
smell/taste/thought of food
gastrin
acetylcholine
histamine
protein
Term
inhibitors for gastric secretions
Definition
acid
antihistamine
cck
over the counter products
osmotic pressure
Term
Rum Stomach
Definition
Located on left side of body
rumen is the site of the symbiotic microbial fermentation
cellulose digestion. Nutrients are a byproduct of the microbes digestion of cellulose
Reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum
Term
Small intestine
Definition
tube for digestion and absorption
main site for enzymatic digestion
Duodenum (receives secretions)
Jejunum (digestion)
Ileum (absorption)

Segmented Motion
Term
Large Intestine
Definition
Cecum, blind gut
absorbs h20 and electrolytes
storage of feces, bacterial action
Term
Pancreas
Definition
Secretion stimulated by nerves and acids
secretin released from s-cells
secretin travels to the pancreas through the blood
Pancreas releases bicarb
secretes (enzymmes and bicarb exo and insulin and glucagon endo)
Term
Liver
Definition
Continuous bile secretion
Fat in chyme causes release of cck-- goes to gall bladder
Term
bilirubin
Definition
broken down red blood cells, gives yellow color to bile
Term
Gallstones
Definition
Pigment (from bilirubin)
Cholesterol (more common)
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