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| What 3 gov't agencies regulate medicinal products? |
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Definition
1. FDA (drugs)
2. EPA (pesticides)
3. APHIS (vaccines) |
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| Pharmacokinetics can be divided into what 4 areas? |
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Definition
1. absorption
2. distribution
3. Metabolis
4. Excretion |
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1. Crystalloids
2. Colloids
3. Blood products |
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Definition
Isotonic- for mild dehydration
Hypotonic- push fluid into cells instead of extracellular space; used for dehydration
Hypertonic- pulls fluid out of cells and into extracellular space; used for head trauma |
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| point at which nerves and muscles interface and neurotransmitters work |
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| amt of blood pumped out of heart in 1 minute |
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| amt of blood pumped out of left ventricle at the end of cardiac cycle |
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| volume of blood entering the R side of the heart before contraction |
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| force needed to push blood out of ventricles |
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| receptors on internal organs that mediate the response of the sympathetic nervous system |
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| heart rate that is faster than normal |
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| heart rate that is slower than normal |
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| blood clot found in blood vessel |
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| hormone produced by kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs |
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| blood remaining in the chamber during diastole |
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| disease of the heart muscle |
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| fluid accumulation in the abdomen |
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| fluid accumulation in the lungs |
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| sudden lack of cardiac output resulting in fainting |
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| cells that line the inside of blood vessels |
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| neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine |
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Definition
| strength of cardiac muscle contraction |
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| free blood within the eye, anterior chamber |
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Definition
| increase contractility; cardiac glycosides, catecholamines |
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Definition
| decrease contractility, decrease workload; beta blockers, calcium channel blockers |
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Definition
Acetylcholine: parasympathetic, sympathetic
Epinephrine: sympathetic
Norepinephrine: sympathetic |
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Definition
| enzyme used to convert phospholipids into arachidonic acid |
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Definition
| enzyme used to convert arachnoid acid into prostiglandins |
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| chemical in body that stimulates immune response, protects lining of GI tract, and stimulates platelet aggregation |
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| chemical in body that stimulates immune response |
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| component of extra cellular matrix of cartilage |
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| sensation of pain resulting from a normally nonpainful stimulant |
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| exaggerated response to painful stimuli |
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| pain initiated by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system |
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| nerve receptors thought to be involved in pain wind up |
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| The branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs |
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Definition
| Medical treatment by means of drugs. |
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| The rates of chemical or biochemical reaction. |
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| the study of how a drug moves through the body |
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| EX: giving a cat a drug that is approved for dogs |
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| drugs given without a VCPR or prescription |
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| drugs regulated by the DEA; requires VCPR and is organized by "schedules" |
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| ability to produce cancer |
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| ability to cause birth defect |
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| the amount of a drug needed to see effects |
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| dose that would kill 50% of the animals receiving it |
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| Therapeutic index (margin of safety) |
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| LD50 divided by ED50; higher the number the safer the margin |
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| the act or process of ceasing to use an addictive drug |
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| the property wherein two drugs with identical active ingredients or two different dosage forms of the same drug possess similar bioavailability and produce the same effect at the site of physiological activity |
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| test of a drugs effect on particular physiological system |
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| provides specific scientific and technical information |
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| Generic name (nonproprietary) |
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Definition
official name of the drugs, describes the active drug
Ex: diazepam |
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| written with a capital letter and has a circled, superscript R in its name |
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| regulated by the FDA and require a valid VCPR |
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| prescriptions may be dispensed by pharmacists or vet staff; cannot fill or refill without DVM approval |
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| movement of particles from area of high concentration to area of low concentration; no energy required |
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| passive diffusion that requires speacial carrier molecule; no energy required |
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| molecules that move against the concentration gradient; requires energy |
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| molecules are physically engulfed by the cell |
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| movement of a drug from the site of admin into the fluids of the body that will carry it to its sites of action |
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| % of drug administered that actually enters the systemic circulation |
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| when drugs change body compartments, they may become ionized or trapped in the new environment |
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| physiological movement of drugs from the systemic circulation to the tissues |
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the removal of a drug from the body (excretion)
Ex: liver, kidneys, intestines |
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| amt of time it takes for half the drug to leave the body |
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| the strength of binding between a drug and its receptor |
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| drug that binds to a cell receptor and causes action |
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| drug that inhibits or blocks the response of a cell when the drug is bound to the receptor |
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| substances that are 100% pure drug |
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| concentrated solution from which more dilute solutions are made |
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| substance in which another substance is dissolved |
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| inert substance used to dilute |
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| drops of IV fluid per unit time |
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