Term
|
Definition
| any abnormal condition of an animal that causes some dysfunction or affects an organ system or organ function regardless of whether overt sings are present or not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| signs of disease that are overt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microscopic pathology (histopathology) |
|
Definition
| disease @ the cellular level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid onset, clinical signs are less that 24-48 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clinical signs of a disease persist beyond 2-3 days |
|
|
Term
| Infectious causes of disease |
|
Definition
bacterial
fungal
viral
protozoal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arthritis (due to old age) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| due to trauma (musculosketletal system or nervous system) |
|
|
Term
| Cardinal signs of inflammation |
|
Definition
heat
swelling
pain
loss of function
redness |
|
|
Term
| Primary cancer vs. secondary |
|
Definition
primary is just cancer
secondary is caused by infectious agents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorder occurs during pregnancy (may be chromosomal but not necessarily) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
metabolic (homronal or nutritional)
nutritional (deficiency or excess)
toxicity (ingestion, plants, chems, human error) |
|
|
Term
| 2 components of immune system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
WBC travel and kill
lymphocytes send message and kill, memory lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large proteins, attracted to antigens, phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
species resistance
breed resistance
individual resistance (age, body cond., nutritional/environmental) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immunity from an outside source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immune system was stimulated to produce antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antibodies were obtained from an outside source (oral, injectable, monoclonal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
newborn to weanling
weanling to 2 yrs.
adult cows
adult bulls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inherited
abnormalities of growth plates
hydrocephalus |
|
|
Term
| Double Muscling of cattle |
|
Definition
Inherited disorders (breeds like Charolais, Peidmontese)
common difficulties calving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Curly Calf Syndrome
inherited |
|
|
Term
| Neuropathic Hydrocephalus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| congenital female born twin to male clinical signs small vulva/enlarged clitoris failure to show heat absent or underdeveloped ovaries, uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abortions(not to term)
stillbirths(to term)
birth defects
-BVD (bovine viral diarrhea
septicemia
limb deformities
nutritional disorders during gestation
White muscle disease
toxins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
congenital, nutritional
affects cardiac and skeletal muscle
causes cardiac arrest (stillbirth)
give selenium injections at birth and/or supplement dam during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contracted tendons possibly due to improper position in uterus
medical or surgical treatment |
|
|
Term
| Protection against infectious diseases in the newborn calf |
|
Definition
clean birthing area
clean/disinfect navel w/ mild disinfectant
adequate colostrum intake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vitamins
minerals
fat(glucose, lactose)
carbs
antibodies (proteins) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
concentrated solution of antibodies
1st mammary product after birth
passive immunity transfer
**make sure baby gets it!!!
**plasma expensive and not concentrated |
|
|
Term
| what colostrum protects against |
|
Definition
bacteria
virus
fungal organisms
parasites
**vaccinate dam for better immunity |
|
|
Term
| Peak absorption of colostrum |
|
Definition
first 6 hours is best
get it in first 24 hrs at least
**calf is not yet ruminant, suck reflex leads to esophageal groove to get absorbed w/out hydrochloric acid denaturization |
|
|
Term
| length of protection from colostral antibodies |
|
Definition
variation b/w antibodies
some 1 some much much more |
|
|
Term
| factors affecting antibody concentration (or colostrum quality) |
|
Definition
-vaccinate dam 6-8 wks prior to parturition
-age of dam
-nutritional status of dam
-diseased mammary system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
10% of animal's body weight divided over 24 hr period
(1 qt./ 25 lbs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allows for digestion
helps prevent scours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
frozen
synthetic replacemnt |
|
|
Term
| factors affecting calf infectious diseases |
|
Definition
environmental contamination
colostral absorption
dystocia (can increase chance 3X's) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prolonged time can lead to hypoxia (dummy calf syndrome)
affects calve's nursing ability and colostral absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infection (viral and/or bacterial) that affects multiple organ systems |
|
|
Term
| when do microbes enter newborn? |
|
Definition
| prior to birth post calving |
|
|
Term
| post-calving microbe invasion happens how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do microbes affect newborn? |
|
Definition
enter blood stream
seed in many different organs
overwhelm newborn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
death
depends on infectious agent
watch for:
depression
dehydration
inability to stand
loss of suck reflex
fever
gums pale
diarrhea
labored breathing
shock
seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fluid therapy (oral or IV)
-H20, electrolytes
antibiotic therapy
-broad spectrum
supportive care
-warm, dry, clean
-nutrition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
virus
bacterial
protozoal
nutritional |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bacterial, viral, nutritional
intestine fails to absorb fluids
increased fluid secretion into intestine
combo of both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fingerlike projections in lining of intestine that increase absorption area
viruses cut off villi
regeneration occurs 5-7 days
scarring may occur |
|
|
Term
| general treatment of calf scours |
|
Definition
| vaccination (if viral) fluids- oral or IV nutrional intake (electrolytes [sodium, chloride], potassium, protein) TLC antibiotics (if bacterial, in appropriate location, can combat secondary bacterial infection) |
|
|
Term
| viral causes of calf scours |
|
Definition
rotavirus (vaccinate dam, profuse watery and/or bloody diarrhea, affects w/in first 24 hrs.)
coronavirus (vaccinate dam,profuse watery stool, not as fatal as rota, affects calves over 5 days of age)
BVD (bovine viral diarrhea) high mortality, vaccinate female prior to breeding |
|
|
Term
| bacterial causes for calf scours |
|
Definition
E.Coli (#1 cause of calf scours, many different strains, some more pathenogenic than others...scours, progressive dehydration, death may occur in hours in severe cases...vaccinate dam during pregnancy)
Salmonella (profuse bloody diarrhea, sloughing of intestine, severe depression and dehydration, may come from carrier animals)
Enterotoxemia (clostridial perfingens, acute bloody diarrhea and death, vaccinate dam) |
|
|
Term
| parasitic causes for calf scours |
|
Definition
coccidiosis (affects calves older that three weeks)
diagnose by fecal exam
blood in stool
treat w/ sulfa drugs, cord, fluids, tlc, clean environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
erratic nursing patterns
white/pasty/rank diarrhea
usually self-limiting
make sure calf nurses regularly |
|
|
