Term
| what is the definition of a pre-anesthetic |
|
Definition
| any drug administered within 1 hr of general anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| what are advantages of using a preanesthetic |
|
Definition
-to facilitate restraint in excited or aggressive patients
-to minimize autonomic reflex activity such as salivation, bradycardia
-reduce the dose of the general anesthetic required for anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| what is the use of Anticholinergics? |
|
Definition
-counteract vagal tone and will prevent bradycardia by "taking the brakes off the heart"
-prevent excessive secretion of the salivary glands
-reduces upper airway secretions
-reduce laryngospasm brought on by intubation |
|
|
Term
| why are Anticholinergics not used in horses? |
|
Definition
| it causes paralytic effects on the intestinal tract; may lead to colic |
|
|
Term
| what are specific drugs of Anticholinergics |
|
Definition
| atropine and glycopyrrolate |
|
|
Term
| why is glycopyrrolate more popular than atropine? |
|
Definition
| duration of action is twice that of atropine; less effect on the heart rate than atropine; will cause less elevation of the heart rate; less oxygen consumption by heart muscle; does not cross the placental barrier; no effect on the fetus at the time of C-section |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for glycopyrrolate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the dose for glycopyrrolate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the dose for atropine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is atropine recommended for use? |
|
Definition
| if heart rate is 140 or less |
|
|
Term
| what are 3 common tranquilizers? |
|
Definition
| acepromazine, valium and dexdormitor/rompun |
|
|
Term
| what kind of tranq is acepromazine? |
|
Definition
| phenothiazine derivative tranquilizer |
|
|
Term
| what does acepromazine protect against |
|
Definition
| epinephrine induced arrhythmias and ventricular tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| how does acepromazine work? |
|
Definition
| will suppress the activity of the sympathetic NS by blocking nerve receptors, neurotransmitter activity, alpha receptors, and dopamine receptors |
|
|
Term
| acepromazine can cause prolapse of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does acepromazine cross and what happens because of it? |
|
Definition
| it crosses the placental barrier and will sedate newborns during a c-section |
|
|
Term
| acepromazine is counterindicate in cases of shock why? |
|
Definition
| will reduce the strength of contraction of the heart |
|
|
Term
| how is acepromazine metabolized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is acepromazine popular as a travel pill? |
|
Definition
| has anti-emetic properties |
|
|
Term
| what does acepromazine cause in horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which tranq produces good, predictable sedation with wide margin of safety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if hypotension occurs with ace, what can be done |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is ace avoided in pediatrics or geriatrics |
|
Definition
| prolonged duration of action |
|
|
Term
| acepromazine does what to the barbiturate it is used with? |
|
Definition
| cuts the dose in half; 4mg/pd as compared to 8mg/pd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of drug is valium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is ace a controlled drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is valium a controlled drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is valium not given SQ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what mg tabs is valium available in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the effects of valium |
|
Definition
| sedative, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant |
|
|
Term
| what are the analgesic effects of valium |
|
Definition
| minimal to no analgesic properties |
|
|
Term
| how is valium metabolized and how is it eliminated |
|
Definition
| liver; through bile and urine |
|
|
Term
| in what specific cases make valium a good choice? |
|
Definition
| epileptic patients and heart disease patients |
|
|
Term
| valium is used in place of what other tranq for older dogs and why? |
|
Definition
| acepromazine; has minimal cardiopulmonary depressing effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another name for xylazine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another name for Dexdomitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is rompun reversed with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is dexdomitor reversed with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of drugs are xylazine and dexodmitor? |
|
Definition
-alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
-non-phenothiazine, non-narcotic drug |
|
|
Term
| what do alpha-2 adrenergic agonists cause? |
|
Definition
| initial vasoconstriction; causes mucus membranes to appear pale |
|
|
Term
| what effects do adrenergic agonists cause? |
|
Definition
| sedative, analgesic, muscle relaxant and hypnotic effects |
|
|
Term
| when using xylazine and dexdomitor, what happens to the requirements for maintenance of anesthesia with inhalation agents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what other anesthetic agents can be combined with xylazine or dexdormitor? |
|
Definition
a. ketamine
b. Pentothal
c. halothane
d. isoflurane |
|
|
Term
| what drug(s) cause thermoregulation to be impaired post-op? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can happen if atropine is delivered after dexdomitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tranqs are not common with veterinary anesthesiologists and why? |
|
Definition
| xylazine and dexdomitor; because of the effects on the heart |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 popular narcotic drugs? |
|
Definition
| morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl patch and torbugesic/buprenex |
|
|
Term
| narcotics are also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of pre-anesthetics on the autonomic nervous systems? |
|
Definition
| minimize autonomic reflex activity such as salivation & bradycardia |
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|
