How much to reduce anesthetic dose for geriatric patients

30-50%

Two risks of anesthesia for geriatric patients

Hypothermia, over-hydration

Pediatric

less than 3 months

Three risks of pedatric patients

Hypoglycemia, over-hydration, hypothermia

Pneumothorax may lead to this kind of shock

Obstructive 

Cardiac tamponade may lead to this kind of shock

Obstructive

Assist breathing if respirations are lower than this

8-10rpm

Bradycardia in dogs

less than 60

Bradycardia in cats

Less than 100

One sign of this includes an increase in BP and then sudden drop

Malignant hyperthermia

Vein recommended for injections in horses

Right jugular

Smooths induction and recovery, given by IV infusion in horses

Guaifenesin

Use SA anesthesia machine if LA is smaller than this

300lbs

How much padding used under LA to prevent myopathy/neuropathy

Greater than 6 inches

Cattle fasted for this long to prevent bloat

48 hours

Local anesthetic used in horses due to less irritation

Mepivicaine

Local anesthetic used in cattle 

procaine

Normal response to tissue damage

adaptive pain

Changes in the CNS from chronic, unmanaged pain that causes CNS to be more sensitive

Maladaptive pain

Allodynia

Pain from a stimulus that doesn't normally cause pain

1-2 hour local anesthetic

Lidocaine

bupivicaine

Two contraindications for ketamine 

Head trauma, cardiac disease