Term
| What are the three levels of Anesthesia? |
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Definition
1.Fully conscious
2.In between conscious and unconscious
3.Unconscious |
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Term
What does this mean?
Overdose anesthetic to an extreme |
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Definition
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Term
What does this mean?
Induces sleep or reduces psychological excitement or anxiety |
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Definition
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Term
What does this mean?
Stupor,unconsciousness,hard to stimulate |
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Definition
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Term
What does this mean?
Opium or morphine,have potential analegic, could cause a dependency on the drug and tolerance |
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Definition
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Term
What does this mean?
Trancelike state marked by loss of voluntary movement in which limbs remain in whatever position they are placed (ridged) |
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Definition
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Term
What does this mean?
Form of general anesthetic but not complete unconsciousness, not aware of surrounding,no memory |
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Definition
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Term
What does this mean?
Act of being calm,administer a sedation,could lead to dangerous respiratory depression |
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Definition
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Term
What does this mean?
Tranquilizing properties,produce sleep,over dose could lead to dangerous respiratory depression |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug gives a sedative effect? |
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Definition
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Term
What does this mean?
Altered awareness,analgesia,produced by comobo of narcoticanalsic |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between anesthesia and sleep? |
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Definition
| sleep can be aroused,anesthetic can not |
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Term
| What are uses of anesthesia? |
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Definition
-can preform painful procedures with use of anesthesia
-restrain safely
-hot spot treatments (less scary for animals)
-convulsions
-euthanasia |
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Term
| What is a balanced anesthesia? |
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Definition
| Balanced anesthesia use more than one kind of product |
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Term
| What are possible side effects of a balanced anesthesia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 alternatives to anesthesia? |
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Definition
1.Hypnotherapy
2.Acupuncture
3.Transcutaneous |
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Term
Patient Prep 1: History
What would this involve? |
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Definition
-wording questions correctly
-owner reading/signing consent form
-inform owner to whats involved in the procedure |
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Term
Patient Prep 2: Physical exam
What would this involve? |
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Definition
| -look at the teeth,dewclaws,descended testicles,animals attitude and core temp |
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Term
Patient Prep 3: PABW
What would this involve? |
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Definition
| -pre anesthetic blood work (done either a few days or a week before surgery) |
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Term
| What are the benefits of pre anesthetics? |
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Definition
-Allow for less actual anesthetics
-Allows for smooth preparation (mentally and physiologically)
-Reduces amount of induced agent needed (therefore reduces side effects) |
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Term
| Are pre anesthetics used in combination or in singles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do anticholinergics do? |
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Definition
They
-Block acetylcholine and parasympathetic side
-prevents/corrects bradycardia and salivation |
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Term
| With anticholinergics does the heart rate increase or decrease? |
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Definition
| Heart rate decreases with anticholinergics since these meds block the vagus nerve |
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Term
| Can you use anticholinergics on cows? |
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Definition
| No. It will make the cows mucus too thick |
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Term
| Do anticholinergics give sedation? what about effects on animal mentation? |
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Definition
| anticholinergics give sedation with no fear or anxiety, drug has no effect on animal mentation |
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Term
| What kind of drug is a Atropine Sulphate? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is it bad to use Atropine? |
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Definition
| It is bad to use Atropine when the body is trying to keep blood pressure maintained since Atropine makes the heart work harder |
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Term
| How was Atropine sulphate used for beauty? |
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Definition
| Atropine Sulphate has Belladonna extract which was used on eyes to get big pupils (caused mydriasis) |
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Term
| What symptoms does Atropine Sulphate cause? |
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Definition
-increased HR
-Decreases salivation during surgery
-reduces tear production |
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Term
| What animal already has atropine already? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can Atropine Sulphate cross the brain barrier and placenta? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can atropine sulphate cause if you overdose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of drug is Glycopyrrolate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Glycopyrrolate also called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can Glycopyrrolate cross the blood brain barrier or placenta? |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare Glycopyrrolate to Atropine Sulphate |
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Definition
| Glycopyrrolate is more expensive then Atropine Sulphate. It is also slower and less likely to give cardiac arrhythmias |
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Term
| What is the difference between sedation and tranquilization ? |
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Definition
Sedation:free of fear or anxiety
Tranquilization: Calming or soothing effect |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Phenothiazine removes bite inhibition |
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Definition
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Term
| What kinds of dogs are sensitive to Phenothiazines? |
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Definition
| Large dogs and brachycephalic dogs |
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Term
| What does Phenothiazines do? |
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Definition
-reduces amount of barbiturates/reduction agents needed
-minimizes reduction in HR/Respiration |
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Term
| What kind of drug is Acepromazine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a Acepromazine do? |
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Definition
-is a great sedative
-no analgesia (pain killer)
-antiemetic pre anesthetic |
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Term
| What are some concerns regarding Acepromazine? |
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Definition
-vasodilation is worrisome
- may be more likely to have seizures
-makes an animal prone to hypothermia
-hypotension
-antihistamine effect |
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Term
| What are Benzodiazepines? |
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Definition
-anti anxiety
-muscle relaxation
- anticonvulsant |
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Term
| What is benzodiazepines effect on the heart/respiratory system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What life stage would you not use Benzodiazepine on? |
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Definition
| would not use on young animals |
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Term
| How would you store Benzodiazepines? |
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Definition
| Benzodiazepines is affected by lights so store in a dark bottle |
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Term
| What problems can you encounter with Benzodiazepines? |
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Definition
-poor absorption
-sometimes liver failure in cats |
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Term
| What kind of drug is Diazepam? |
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Definition
| Diazepam is a benzodiazepines |
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Term
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Definition
| Diazepam is given IV since if you give IM it will cause pain |
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Term
| Is Diazepam one time use or multi? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is Diazepam given in rabbits? |
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Definition
| Diazepam is given peritoneal (via belly) in rabbits |
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Term
| What kind of drug is Midazolam? |
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Definition
| Midazolam is a Benzodiazepines |
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Term
| Which is more powerful Diazepam or Midazolam? |
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Definition
| Midazolam is 2x more potent then Diazepam |
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Term
| Is Diazepam water soluble? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Midazolam is easier to mix than Diazepam but more expensive $$$ |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Midazolam water soluble? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Midazolam's reversal agents? |
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Definition
Flumazenil (humans)
Sarmazenil (dogs and cat) |
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Term
| What are Thiazine Derivatives? |
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Definition
-Reduces norepinephrine release in neurons
-Alpha 2 adrenoceptors agonists |
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Term
| What system does Thiazine Derivatives work on? |
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Definition
| work on the sympathetic system |
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Term
| What can Thiazine Derivatives induce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would you use Thiazine Derivatives before a surgery? |
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Definition
| In order to make sure the animal has not eaten before surgery |
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Term
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Definition
-mainly used in adults
-good analgesia (pain killer) |
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Term
| What kind of room should you put the patient in if you have given them a Thiazine? |
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Definition
| put the patient in a quiet dark room |
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Term
| In what form is Thiazines reversal agent? |
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Definition
| an IM drawn before giving sedative |
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Term
| What do you have to watch out for when giving a Thiazine? |
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Definition
| dogs will bite horses will kick |
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Term
| Tell me about Xylazine in cattle. |
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Definition
-very potent in cattle
-can cause abortion in breeding animals
-some breed sensitivity |
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Term
| What are some side effects of Dexmedetomidine? |
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Definition
-vomiting
-reduce HR can be worrisome |
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Term
| What are benefits of Dexmedetomidine? |
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Definition
-safer,lower concentration
-both sides of the molecules can attach to the receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| an older version of Dexmedetomidine. |
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Term
| What is the difference between Dexmedetomidine and Medetomidine? |
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Definition
-With Medetomidine only one side of the molecule attaches
-double dosage then dexmedetomidine |
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Term
| Tell me about Detomidine. |
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Definition
-licensed in equines
-good sedation with only 1-2 ml of product
-available in an oral gel under the tongue |
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Term
| What species is Romifidine used in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Used as a painkiller (analgesic) for horses |
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Term
| Whats the difference between Detomidine and Romifidine? |
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Definition
| Romifidine is less analgesic then Detomidine but longer acting |
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Term
| What do Alpha 2 agonist drugs do? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are negative side effects of Alpha 2 agonist drugs |
|
Definition
-bradycardia
-increased urination |
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