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Anesthesia Lec 1
Lecture one for Anesthesia
78
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
07/13/2018

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Term
What are the three levels of Anesthesia?
Definition
1.Fully conscious
2.In between conscious and unconscious
3.Unconscious
Term
What does this mean?
Overdose anesthetic to an extreme
Definition
Euthanasia
Term
What does this mean?
Induces sleep or reduces psychological excitement or anxiety
Definition
Hypnotic
Term
What does this mean?
Stupor,unconsciousness,hard to stimulate
Definition
Narcosis
Term
What does this mean?
Opium or morphine,have potential analegic, could cause a dependency on the drug and tolerance
Definition
Narcotic
Term
What does this mean?
Trancelike state marked by loss of voluntary movement in which limbs remain in whatever position they are placed (ridged)
Definition
Cataleptic
Term
What does this mean?
Form of general anesthetic but not complete unconsciousness, not aware of surrounding,no memory
Definition
Dissociative
Term
What does this mean?
Act of being calm,administer a sedation,could lead to dangerous respiratory depression
Definition
Sedation
Term
What does this mean?
Tranquilizing properties,produce sleep,over dose could lead to dangerous respiratory depression
Definition
Sedatives
Term
What drug gives a sedative effect?
Definition
Benzodiazepines
Term
What does this mean?
Altered awareness,analgesia,produced by comobo of narcoticanalsic
Definition
Neuroleptanalgesia
Term
What is the difference between anesthesia and sleep?
Definition
sleep can be aroused,anesthetic can not
Term
What are uses of anesthesia?
Definition
-can preform painful procedures with use of anesthesia
-restrain safely
-hot spot treatments (less scary for animals)
-convulsions
-euthanasia
Term
What is a balanced anesthesia?
Definition
Balanced anesthesia use more than one kind of product
Term
What are possible side effects of a balanced anesthesia?
Definition
Low HR and low BP
Term
What are 3 alternatives to anesthesia?
Definition
1.Hypnotherapy
2.Acupuncture
3.Transcutaneous
Term
Patient Prep 1: History
What would this involve?
Definition
-wording questions correctly
-owner reading/signing consent form
-inform owner to whats involved in the procedure
Term
Patient Prep 2: Physical exam
What would this involve?
Definition
-look at the teeth,dewclaws,descended testicles,animals attitude and core temp
Term
Patient Prep 3: PABW
What would this involve?
Definition
-pre anesthetic blood work (done either a few days or a week before surgery)
Term
What are the benefits of pre anesthetics?
Definition
-Allow for less actual anesthetics
-Allows for smooth preparation (mentally and physiologically)
-Reduces amount of induced agent needed (therefore reduces side effects)
Term
Are pre anesthetics used in combination or in singles?
Definition
combination
Term
What do anticholinergics do?
Definition
They
-Block acetylcholine and parasympathetic side
-prevents/corrects bradycardia and salivation
Term
With anticholinergics does the heart rate increase or decrease?
Definition
Heart rate decreases with anticholinergics since these meds block the vagus nerve
Term
Can you use anticholinergics on cows?
Definition
No. It will make the cows mucus too thick
Term
Do anticholinergics give sedation? what about effects on animal mentation?
Definition
anticholinergics give sedation with no fear or anxiety, drug has no effect on animal mentation
Term
What kind of drug is a Atropine Sulphate?
Definition
Anticholinergic
Term
When is it bad to use Atropine?
Definition
It is bad to use Atropine when the body is trying to keep blood pressure maintained since Atropine makes the heart work harder
Term
How was Atropine sulphate used for beauty?
Definition
Atropine Sulphate has Belladonna extract which was used on eyes to get big pupils (caused mydriasis)
Term
What symptoms does Atropine Sulphate cause?
Definition
-increased HR
-Decreases salivation during surgery
-reduces tear production
Term
What animal already has atropine already?
Definition
rabbits
Term
Can Atropine Sulphate cross the brain barrier and placenta?
Definition
yes
Term
What can atropine sulphate cause if you overdose?
Definition
seizures
Term
What kind of drug is Glycopyrrolate?
Definition
anticholinergic
Term
What is Glycopyrrolate also called?
Definition
also called Robinol
Term
Can Glycopyrrolate cross the blood brain barrier or placenta?
Definition
No
Term
Compare Glycopyrrolate to Atropine Sulphate
Definition
Glycopyrrolate is more expensive then Atropine Sulphate. It is also slower and less likely to give cardiac arrhythmias
Term
What is the difference between sedation and tranquilization ?
Definition
Sedation:free of fear or anxiety
Tranquilization: Calming or soothing effect
Term
What is Phenothiazine?
Definition
only true sedative
Term
T/F Phenothiazine removes bite inhibition
Definition
True
Term
What kinds of dogs are sensitive to Phenothiazines?
Definition
Large dogs and brachycephalic dogs
Term
What does Phenothiazines do?
Definition
-reduces amount of barbiturates/reduction agents needed
-minimizes reduction in HR/Respiration
Term
What kind of drug is Acepromazine?
Definition
It is a Phenothiazine
Term
What does a Acepromazine do?
Definition
-is a great sedative
-no analgesia (pain killer)
-antiemetic pre anesthetic
Term
What are some concerns regarding Acepromazine?
Definition
-vasodilation is worrisome
- may be more likely to have seizures
-makes an animal prone to hypothermia
-hypotension
-antihistamine effect
Term
What are Benzodiazepines?
Definition
-anti anxiety
-muscle relaxation
- anticonvulsant
Term
What is benzodiazepines effect on the heart/respiratory system?
Definition
Very little effect
Term
What life stage would you not use Benzodiazepine on?
Definition
would not use on young animals
Term
How would you store Benzodiazepines?
Definition
Benzodiazepines is affected by lights so store in a dark bottle
Term
What problems can you encounter with Benzodiazepines?
Definition
-poor absorption
-sometimes liver failure in cats
Term
What kind of drug is Diazepam?
Definition
Diazepam is a benzodiazepines
Term
How is Diazepam given?
Definition
Diazepam is given IV since if you give IM it will cause pain
Term
Is Diazepam one time use or multi?
Definition
one time use
Term
How is Diazepam given in rabbits?
Definition
Diazepam is given peritoneal (via belly) in rabbits
Term
What kind of drug is Midazolam?
Definition
Midazolam is a Benzodiazepines
Term
Which is more powerful Diazepam or Midazolam?
Definition
Midazolam is 2x more potent then Diazepam
Term
Is Diazepam water soluble?
Definition
no
Term
T/F Midazolam is easier to mix than Diazepam but more expensive $$$
Definition
True
Term
Is Midazolam water soluble?
Definition
Yes
Term
What are Midazolam's reversal agents?
Definition
Flumazenil (humans)
Sarmazenil (dogs and cat)
Term
What are Thiazine Derivatives?
Definition
-Reduces norepinephrine release in neurons
-Alpha 2 adrenoceptors agonists
Term
What system does Thiazine Derivatives work on?
Definition
work on the sympathetic system
Term
What can Thiazine Derivatives induce?
Definition
vominiting
Term
Why would you use Thiazine Derivatives before a surgery?
Definition
In order to make sure the animal has not eaten before surgery
Term
Tell me about Thiazines?
Definition
-mainly used in adults
-good analgesia (pain killer)
Term
What kind of room should you put the patient in if you have given them a Thiazine?
Definition
put the patient in a quiet dark room
Term
In what form is Thiazines reversal agent?
Definition
an IM drawn before giving sedative
Term
What do you have to watch out for when giving a Thiazine?
Definition
dogs will bite horses will kick
Term
Tell me about Xylazine in cattle.
Definition
-very potent in cattle
-can cause abortion in breeding animals
-some breed sensitivity
Term
What are some side effects of Dexmedetomidine?
Definition
-vomiting
-reduce HR can be worrisome
Term
What are benefits of Dexmedetomidine?
Definition
-safer,lower concentration
-both sides of the molecules can attach to the receptors
Term
What is Medetomidine?
Definition
an older version of Dexmedetomidine.
Term
What is the difference between Dexmedetomidine and Medetomidine?
Definition
-With Medetomidine only one side of the molecule attaches
-double dosage then dexmedetomidine
Term
Tell me about Detomidine.
Definition
-licensed in equines
-good sedation with only 1-2 ml of product
-available in an oral gel under the tongue
Term
What species is Romifidine used in?
Definition
Equines use only!!
Term
How is Romifidine used?
Definition
Used as a painkiller (analgesic) for horses
Term
Whats the difference between Detomidine and Romifidine?
Definition
Romifidine is less analgesic then Detomidine but longer acting
Term
What do Alpha 2 agonist drugs do?
Definition
Inhibits ADH
Term
What are negative side effects of Alpha 2 agonist drugs
Definition
-bradycardia
-increased urination
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