Term
|
Definition
| bare requirement to live, anything beyond this is production |
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Term
|
Definition
death
deficiency
marginal
optimal
marginal
toxicity
death |
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Term
|
Definition
water
protein
lipids - fats
carbohydrates - energy
minerals
vitamins |
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Term
|
Definition
-primary energy source
-starch and simple sugars |
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Term
| Factors affecting quality of fiber |
|
Definition
-cellulose
-hemicellulose
-lignin (wood)
-pectin |
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Term
| Difference between grasses vs. legumes |
|
Definition
-alfalfa has a symbiotic relationship to get nutrients
-legumes higher in protein |
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|
Term
| As fiber percent increases ... |
|
Definition
| lower the energy obtained and protein |
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Term
|
Definition
-breathing
-urination
-defecation |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| How much fat can a horse be fed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins are important in ... |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
calcium
potassium
chloride
sodium
phosphorous
sulfur
magnesium |
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Term
|
Definition
| needed in smaller amounts, toxic in large amounts |
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Term
|
Definition
zinc
iron
manganese
copper
selenium
iodine
cobalt (Vitamin B12) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
C
Biotin
Choline
Vitamin B6
Riboflavin
Thiamin
Niacin
Folic Acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1/2 gallon per 100 pounds |
|
|
Term
| Optimal water temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Calcium level higher in legumes
All forages low in potassium |
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|
Term
| Russian Knapweed Toxicity |
|
Definition
| loss of ability to eat due to knapweed changing brain function |
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|
Term
| Nutrient requirements based off of |
|
Definition
body weight
activity level - work
physiological status |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1.5-3% of body weight, 2% generally a good estimate for most horses |
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Term
|
Definition
| (heart girth squared times body length)/330 |
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|
Term
| Light level of performance work |
|
Definition
| western and english pleasure, trail riding, equitation, hacking |
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Term
|
Definition
| dressage, ranch work, roping, cutting, barrel racing, jumping |
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|
Term
| Heavy or intense level of work |
|
Definition
| race training, polo, cutting |
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|
Term
| Nutritional value of plant |
|
Definition
| high leaf/stem ration indicates a younger plant = higher nutritional content |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| (pounds of feed/horse's body weight) x 100 |
|
|
Term
| minimum amount of forage/roughage |
|
Definition
1% of body weight in forage per day
- never want less than 50% of diet as forage |
|
|
Term
| Standard amount of water for 1000 lb horse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heat of fermentation
buildup of lactic acid during intense work
fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a horse to gain one pound = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- increase exercise capacity
- time to onset of fatigue
- increase performance (skills, strength, speed, endurance)
- decrease risk of injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| = stoke volume x heart rate |
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Term
|
Definition
| percentage of red blood cells |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tidal Volume (L) x respiratory frequency (breathes/min) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| helps understand muscle function, how specific exercises affect muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
low power, high oxidative activity, high in lipids, low glycolytic capacity, intermediate glycogen levels, low fatigue
-low in glycogen, high in lips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fast, high power, intermediate oxidative activity, intermediate level of lipids, high glycolytic capacity, high in glycogen levels, intermediate fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very fast, high power, low oxidative activity, low in lipids, high glycolytic capacity, high in glycogen fibers, intermediate to high fatigue |
|
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Term
|
Definition
includes all fiber types
- the higher the intensity the more types of fibers the horse will utilize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- capillarisation (blood supply to cells)
- transit time (longer for blood to go through the vessels because there are more blood cells, increases time for gas exchange)
- oxidative capacity
- capacity to use fat a fuel
- myoglobin
- glycogen
- anaerobic muscle enzymes |
|
|
Term
| Aerobic fat oxidation produces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aerobic oxidation of carbohydrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaerobic glycolysis from glycogen |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microfractures on the cranial sides of the cannon bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell water 45%
interstitial or lymph water 11.5%
plasma water 8.5%
gut water 3% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-controls osmolatity
-volume to extra cellular fluid
-skeleton
-controls blood pressure
-alkalinizing factor
-20 mg/kg bw |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -helps with acid-base balance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 156 g in hay
- helps in sweat loss |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood vessels in the hoof |
|
Definition
medial & lateral
digital arteries
digital veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lameness grading scale - I |
|
Definition
| inconsistent lameness in a circle |
|
|
Term
| Lameness grading scale - II |
|
Definition
| inconsistent in a straight line and lame in a circle |
|
|
Term
| Lameness grading scale - III |
|
Definition
| consistent lameness in a straight line |
|
|
Term
| Lameness grading scale - IV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lameness grading scale - V |
|
Definition
| non-weight bearing lameness |
|
|
Term
| Injuries requiring immediate attention |
|
Definition
-lacerations near joints, tendons or tendon sheaths
-foreign bodies (wires, nails, wood, etc.)
-displaced or open fractures
-luxation (dislocation of a joint) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-head bob
-fetlock drop
-stride length
-acoustics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -head rises as horse lands on the lame leg and falls as the horse lands on the sound leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-head bob
-hip drop or hip hike
-less apparent fetlock drop than normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -head will go down when the lame hind leg is weight bearing |
|
|
Term
| musculoskeletal & lameness examination |
|
Definition
-palpation
-gait evaluation
-flexion tests
-hooftester sensitivity |
|
|
Term
| potential hoof treatments |
|
Definition
-corrective trimming and shoeing
-anti-inflammatories
-intra-articular injections with steroids and/or hyaluronic acid
-surgery
-shockwave treatmen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-added benefit
-thearpy - thearpist has to be present and has to have set goals |
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