Term
| What is the definition of anemia? |
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Definition
| A decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood? |
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Term
| What is the function of RBCs? |
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Definition
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Term
| If anemia is not a disease, what is it? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a patient is anemic, what happens to the RBC count? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a patient is anemic, what happens the the PCV? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the study of the cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical signs of anemia vary with.... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some clinical signs of anemia? |
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Definition
| Pale mucous membranes, weakness, syncope, tachycardia/tachypnea, cool extremities (maybe), heart murmur |
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Term
| Why would anemic patients develop a heart murmur? |
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Definition
| Because the blood is more watery, this causes turbulence, resulting in a murmur |
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Term
| Other than the bone marrow, where else can RBC's be made? |
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Definition
| The spleen, nodes, and liver |
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Term
| What system contains the spleen, nodes, and liver? |
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Definition
| The reticuloendothelial system |
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Term
| What species has the smallest RBCs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What species has the largest RBCs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the lifespan of RBCs in dogs and cats? |
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Definition
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Term
| What protein do RBCs contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| When anemia is present, does hemoglobin increase or decrease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When the loss of RBCs exceeds the production of RBCs, you have anemia |
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Term
| What cell does the RE system contain that breaks down, or "eats" RBCs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is hemoglobin composed of? |
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Definition
-Globin
-Iron
-Unconjugated bilirubin |
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Term
| Is unconjugated bilirubin water soluble? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is unconjugated bilirubin converted to conjugated (water soluble) bilirubin? |
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Definition
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Term
| An increase in bilirubin causes what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone released when oxygen levels drop |
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Term
| Where is erythropoietin made? |
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Definition
| In the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the liver |
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Term
| What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus do? |
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Definition
| Measures the oxygen levels in the blood |
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Term
| What does erythrpoietin do when oxygen levels are decreased? |
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Definition
| Stimulates the bone marrow to release RBCs and make more |
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Term
| If erythropoietin is present, what type of anemia are you dealing with? |
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Definition
| Regenerative/responsive anemia |
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Term
| What is the most accurate test to evaluate RBCs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it important to do a manual CBC? |
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Definition
| Because machines cannot assess cell morphology |
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Term
| WHy is a reticulocyte count only useful with anemic animals? |
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Definition
| Because it tells you whether an anemia is responsive or nonresponsive |
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Term
| What is a more in-depth way of evaluating RBCs and anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are automated cell counters used for? |
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Definition
| To get accurate RBC counts/hemoglobin levels to calculate indices and absolute reticulocyte counts |
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Term
| What type of stain do we use to show reticulocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cats have 2 types of reticulocytes, what are they? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which reticulocyte in cats do we count? |
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Definition
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Term
| When would you see reticulocytes in ruminants? |
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Definition
| Only in responsive anemia |
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Term
| Will you see reticulocytes in horse blood? |
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Definition
| No, you would have to look at the bone marrow |
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Term
| What type of stain is NMB? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| no, it contains no fixative |
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Term
| What are the two types of regenerative anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens with immune mediated hemolytic anemia? |
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Definition
| The body will start removing RBCs on its own |
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Term
| What happens with Heinz body hemolytic anemia? |
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Definition
| Heinz bodies are normally present due to toxins which break down the hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| Variation in size of RBC's |
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Term
| In which species is anisocytosis normally seen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do we see anisocytosis in responsive anemia? |
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Definition
| Because reticulocytes are normally larger in size than regular RBCS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why is polychromasia seen in regenerative anemia? |
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Definition
| Because reticulocytes tend to stain more bluish in color |
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Term
| What is a howell-jolly body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do howell-jolly bodies look like? |
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Definition
| A single blue dot anywhere in the cell |
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Term
| What is basophilic stipling associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you tell the difference between basophilic stipling and reticulocytes? |
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Definition
| Basophilic stipling stains blue with diff quick, reticulocytes only stain blue with NMB |
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Term
| What is mycoplasma haemofelis? |
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Definition
| a BACTERIA, that causes feline infectious anemia |
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Term
| What is nonregenerative anemia? W |
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Definition
| When the bone marrow is affected, and not producing new RBCs |
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Term
| What are the mechanisms of NR anemia? |
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Definition
-Destruction
-Depression
-Depletion
-Degeneration |
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Term
| What can cause NR anemia? |
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Definition
| A number of things including renal disease, infections, drugs, and neoplasia |
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Term
| Why would renal disease be a cause of NR anemia? |
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Definition
| Because no erythropoietin is being produced from the kidneys |
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Term
| What is the mean corpuscular volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the units MCV is measured in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when the MCV is greater than normal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you have when the MCV is less than normal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are most macrocytic anemias regenerative? |
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Definition
| Because reticulocytes are bigger than RBCs and would make the average size larger |
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Term
| What is microcytic anemia due to? |
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Definition
| Iron deficiency. (also seen in hypochromia) |
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Term
| What is the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration? |
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Definition
| the average hemoglobin in the RBCs |
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Term
| What is hypochromia due to? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should a bone marrow biopsy be done? |
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Definition
| When an unexpected increase or decrease of cells occurs |
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Term
| What can a bone marrow biopsy tell you? |
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Definition
-if anemia is regenerative
-can evaluate normal wbcs and rbcs
-if there are abnormal cells |
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Term
| What is the most important thing about treating/curing an anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you find the cause? |
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Definition
| Take a history, perform a PE, and use the many diagnostic aides we have |
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