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Andrew Carnegie and the 2nd Industrial Revolution
Colonial times, the Gilded Age and more.
33
History
8th Grade
03/06/2012

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Cards

Term
When did the 2nd Industrial Revolution begin in America?
Definition
the 1800s
Term
Who controlled the steel industry?
Definition
Andrew Carnegie
Term
Who controlled the oil industy?
Definition
John D. Rockefeller
Term
Who controlled the banking system?
Definition
J. P. Morgan
Term
Who made his fortune with steamships and railroads?
Definition
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Term
Who owned more miles of railroad than anyone else in America?
Definition
Jay Gould
Term
What are "Robber Barrons"?
Definition
people of great wealth because they bribe officials, manipulate economic markets, and exploit their workers and resouces
Term
What is capitalism?
Definition
economic system where ALL businesses (big and small) are owned by individual people or corporations, NOT the government 
Term
What is socialism?
Definition
economic system where SOME businesses are run by the government
Term
What is communism?
Definition
economic system where ALL businesses are run by the government
Term
What is mercantilism?
Definition
when colonies are controled by a different country
Term
How much iron was produced in the colonies by 1776?
Definition
about 1/7 of the world's iron
Term
What infuriated the colonists and was one of the reasons that contributed to the American Revolution?
Definition
mercantilism
Term
What was the "high-tech" weapon of the time?
Definition
the cannon
Term
Where was the first iron factory to be in a city?
Definition
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Term
What natural resources need to be around an iron/steel factory?
Definition
timber (later, coal was used), iron ore deposits, and water power (river) 
Term
What is "manifest destiny"?
Definition
the idea of wanting to go west
Term
Andrew Carnegie was a poor immigrant from Scotland when he came to America. Why was his job as a telegram delivery boy so important to him?
Definition
Carnegie met a lot of business men (some invested and helped him make a lot of money).
Term
Who came up with a way to make steel from iron by adding cold air?
Definition
Henry Bessemer
Term
How much did Andrew Carnegie pay his workers each week?
Definition
10 dollars a week
Term
How many hours a week did Andrew Carnegie's employees have to work?
Definition
84 hours a week
Term
What was the Gilded Age?
Definition
a time when wealthy people were competing against each other in businesses
Term
What is Social Darwinism?
Definition

when a higher class doesn't think they are doing anything wrong when they exploit the lower class

(predjudice, not science)

Term
Who was shot by an anarchist?
Definition
Henry Frick
Term
What are anarchists?
Definition
terrorists of that time
Term
Who was sent to stop the strike at the Homestead Mill?
Definition
the Pinkertons
Term
Who were the Pinkertons?
Definition
a police force that were originally went to be a detective agency
Term
What finally ended the Homestead Mill strike and broke the union?
Definition
the Pennsylvania State Militia
Term
Who later bought Carnegie Steel?
Definition
J. P. Morgan and other steel company owners who wanted Carnegie "out of the picture"
Term
What is United States Steel?
Definition
what was Carnegie Steel plus 11 other steel companies combined
Term
Many steel mills closed during the Great Depression. What brought them back to life and why? 
Definition

World War 2;

many weapons needed to be built such as ships, tanks, planes, and guns

Term
Why was America no longer the world's major suport for steel products in the 1970s and '80s?
Definition
Europe and Japan "modernized" after World War 2 but America didn't
Term
What is a mini mill?
Definition
a small steel mill that converts scrap iron into steel
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