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Ancient World History- Midterm
For my Ancient and Medieval World History course
71
History
Undergraduate 1
10/07/2013

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Term
Primary Source
Definition
The original material. Direct source.
Term
Secondary Source
Definition
A material derived from a primary or multiple primary sources. I.e. a thesis, dissertation, review, etc.
Term
Paleolithic
Definition
The prehistory period of mankind.
Term
Neolithic Revolution
Definition
The wide scale human transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture and animal domestication.
Term
Obsidian
Definition
A volcanic rock often used to make tools.
Term
Cuneiform
Definition
The script of the ancient Mesopotamians.
Term
Ziggurat
Definition
Large pyramid like structures built by Mesopotamians for their local religion.
Term
Hieroglyphics
Definition
The pictographic written language of the ancient Egyptians.
Term
Hyksos
Definition
A culture from West Asia that invaded the Nile Delta during the Second Intermediate Period.
Term
Akhenaton
Definition
Pharaoh that changed the religion of Egypt to worship the god Aton.
Term
Hatshepsut
Definition
The most powerful woman Pharaoh. "The world first powerful woman."
Term
Nefertiti
Definition
The wife of Akhenaten. Reigned during the wealthiest point of Egypts ancient history.
Term
Tutankhamun
Definition
"The Young Pharaoh." His mummy discovery was very famous.
Term
Aton
Definition
The God of Egypt as set by Akhenaton. Depicted as the Sun.
Term
Hittites
Definition
The successful use of chariots is accredited to them. They are from Anatolia, modern day Turkey.
Term
Peleset
Definition
Among the 'Sea Peoples'. Modern day Palestine.
Term
Phoenicians
Definition
A Semitic people from modern day Lebanon. Famous for their use of purple dye.
Term
Henotheism
Definition
The belief and worship of a single god without discrediting the gods of other religions.
Term
Monotheism
Definition
The belief that there is only one god.
Term
Babylonian Captivity
Definition
The captivity of the Jewish people (Hebrews) in Babylon.
Term
Mesopotamia
Definition
The area in the Fertile Crescent. Contained many ancient civilizations.
Term
Minotaur
Definition
A creature of Archaic Greek myth. He lives in a labyrinth and eats children.
Term
Fertile Crecent
Definition
The area between the Tigirs and Euphrates rivers.
Term
Ahriman
Definition
The destructive spirit of Zoroastrianism.
Term
Linear A
Definition
The undeciphered language of the Minoans from the Island Crete.
Term
Linear B
Definition
The deciphered language of the Mycenaeans.
Term
Knossos
Definition
The Palace of Minos.
Term
Minoans
Definition
The Archaic Greek people from the Island of Crete.
Term
Mycenaeans
Definition
The people of the Bronze Age in Greece. This is when the Polis became relevant.
Term
Homer
Definition
An ancient Greek poet that wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Term
Iliad
Definition
The story of the Battle of Troy.
Term
Odyssey
Definition
The tale of Odysseus' journey home from the war.
Term
Delian League
Definition
An association between Greek Polis', lead by Athens. Their purpose was to keep the Persians out of Greece.
Term
Cleisthenes
Definition
Accredited with increasing the power of the average person in Athens. Set Athens on a democratic pathway.
Term
Herodotus
Definition
A Greek Historian referred to as the 'Father of History'. Wrote about the Persian War.
Term
Gilgamesh Epic
Definition
The ancient Mesopotamian flood myth.
Term
Pisistratus
Definition
A tyrant of Athens.Took from the rich and gave to the poor. Funded many public works.
Term
Pericles
Definition
The General of Athens in the Golden Age during the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. Turned the Delian League into an Athenian Empire.
Term
Hippias
Definition
A Greek contemporary of Socrates.
Term
Deme
Definition
Essentially a burg of Athens.
Term
Boule
Definition
A council of citizens set to run daily affairs.
Term
Ostracism
Definition
When an Athenian citizen is expelled for 10 years.
Term
Ahura Mazda
Definition
The highest deity of Zoroastrianism.
Term
Solon
Definition
Laid out democracy for the Athenians, but failed in the long run.
Term
Zoroastrianism
Definition
The religion of the ancient Persians.
Term
Cyrus the Great
Definition
A leader of Persia greatly responsible for expanding the empire.
Term
Polis
Definition
A city-state of Greece.
Term
Tyranny
Definition
An authoritarian leader, having absolute rule.
Term
Xerxes
Definition
A very powerful king of Persia.
Term
Hoplite reform
Definition
The use of foot soldiers in ancient Greece.
Term
Thermopylae
Definition
The location of the battle in which the Spartan Army fell to the Persians.
Term
Melian Dialogue
Definition
A dialogue written by Thucydides between Athens and Sparta concerning the Peloponnesian War.
Term
Salamis
Definition
A nymph from Greek mythology.
Term
Helots
Definition
The slaves to the Spartan society.
Term
Peloponnesian War
Definition
The war between Sparta and Athens.
Term
Stoicism
Definition
A school of Hellenistic thought from Athens stating that the ideal person did not experience true emotion.
Term
Thucydides
Definition
Greek and Athenian Historian and General. He was involved in the Peloponnesian war and wrote the Melian Dialogue.
Term
Sparta
Definition
A Polis of Greece famous for its strong army.
Term
Corinth
Definition
A Polis of Greece famous for pottery and art.
Term
Aristotle
Definition
A Greek philosopher and student of Plato. Famous for Formal Logic.
Term
Empedocles
Definition
A philosopher from before Socrates. Came up with the cosmogenic theory of the four Classical elements.
Term
Plato
Definition
A philosopher and student of Socrates. Helped found western philosophy and science.
Term
Alcibiades
Definition
A military commander from the Peloponnesian war.
Term
Cave Allegory
Definition
Allegory by Plato explaining reality from the point of view of men whom have seen the wall of a cave their whole life.
Term
Koine
Definition
A Super-Regional language used in the Hellenistic period. Known as the trade language.
Term
Alexander the Great
Definition
Created a large Macedonian Empire.
Term
Assurbanipal
Definition
The last strong king of the Assyrians. Had a large collection of cuneiform tablets.
Term
Epicureanism
Definition
Pleasure is the greatest good, one must live modestly to attain it.
Term
Pythagoras
Definition
Famous for inventing the Pythagorean therum.
Term
Heraclitus
Definition
Known as the obscure philosopher or the weeping philosopher.
Term
Sophists
Definition
An argument used to deceive someone.
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