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Ancient Rome
Classics 110
85
History
Undergraduate 1
12/16/2007

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Term
Royal Rome
Definition
753-509 BCE
Term
Roman Republic
Definition
509-31 BCE
Term
Roman Empire
Definition
31 BCE-450 CE
Term
Livy
Definition
Early Rome – Wrote a history of Rome down to his own time
Writing about 30 BCE-0
Punic Wars
Term
Polybius
Definition
Historian, Macedonian Wars
Moved to Rome from Greece
Term
Sallust
Definition
Historian, Jugurthine War
War fought in North Africa
Revolt of Catiline
Term
Tarquin the Proud
Definition
Last Etruscan King
Term
SPQR
Definition
‘The Senate and the People of Rome’
Term
Magistrates
Definition
People elected these individuals (usually Senators)
Term
Senate
Definition
Ruling elite of Rome, came from rich families, property qualification
Term
Consuls
Definition
Top magistrates
Term
Samnites (4th C)
Definition
Took years to conquer these people, part of conquest of Italy
Term
Pyrrhus
Definition
King of Epirus (Western Greece)
Term
Tarentum
Definition
275 - Besieged and captured by the Romans
Term
Antiochus
Definition
Ruler of Seleucid Empire, War against Rome, defeated in Magnesia in 189 BCE
Term
Mithradates
Definition
King of Pontus, fought war against Rome
Term
First Punic War
Definition
264-241, Regionalized, Long struggle, Rome eventually won and took control of Sicily
Term
Second Punic War
Definition
218-202 BCE, Took place in Spain, Italy, North Africa,
Term
The Third Punic War
Definition
149-146 BCE, Sack of Carthage
Term
Lake Trasimene
Definition
Hannibal first defeats Romans here, Great ambush
Term
Cannae
Definition
Battle here, Romans badly defeated
Term
Q. Fabius Maximus
Definition
Appointed dictator during the 2nd Punic War
Term
Metauros
Definition
Hasdrubal, Hannibal's brother, is stopped in this battle
Term
Scipio
Definition
Roman, lands in Africa in 2nd Punic War
Term
Zama
Definition
Scipio has a victory here, Second Punic War
Term
Masinissa
Definition
First King of Numidia, helped Romans in 2nd Punic, helps cause 3rd Punic
Term
Appian
Definition
Greek historian, with Roman citizenship, wrote about 3rd Punic War
Term
Three Macedonian Wars vs. Philip V
Definition
Victory of Aemilius Paulus (Roman Commander) at Pydna (168)
Term
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Definition
Sons of Cornelia, daughter of Scipio
Proposed political reform in 133 BCE
Murdered by Senate
Term
Jugurthine War
Definition
War in Africa, 112-105 BCE, Jugurtha, king of Numidia, defeated by Marius and Sulla
Term
Gaius Marius
Definition
Against Sulla, reformer, 'people's man', was consul, fought against Jurgurtha and German Tribes
Term
Cornelius Sulla
Definition
Brutal Dictator, against Marius, fought against Mithradates, Social War, defender of the Senate
Term
Pompeius Magnus (Pompey)
Definition
Against Caesar, Conquest of East, wanted to be like Alexander the Great,
Term
Julius Caesar
Definition
Against Pompey, conquest of Gaul, expedition to Britain, popular with the people
Term
Civil War 49-45 BCE
Definition
Between Pompey and Caesar, Pompey is defeated at Pharsalus in Greece, then killed in Egypt
Term
First Triumvirate
Definition
60 BCE, between Pompey, Crassus and Caesar
Term
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Definition
One of the greatest Roman Writers, from an Equestrian Family, murdered year after Caesar by Antony, wrote legal speeches, letters
Term
2nd Triumvirate
Definition
43 BCE, Antony, Octavian, Lepidus
Term
Marcus Antonius
Definition
Consul, 2nd Triumvirate, marries Octavia and Cleopatra, Campaigns in the East, 3 children, commits suicide
Term
Actium
Definition
31 BCE, battle between Octavian and Antony, Octavian wins
Term
Augustan Age
Definition
31 BCE - 14 CE
Term
Suetonius
Definition
Writer of Imperial Biographies, Augustan Age
Term
Tacitus
Definition
Historian of Julio-Claudian emperors
Starts his history the year Octavian dies
Term
Dio Cassius
Definition
Historian during Augustan Age
Term
Virgil
Definition
Poet, writer of Aeneid, Georgics
Term
Horace
Definition
Poet during Augustan Age, writer of Odes
Term
Ovid
Definition
Augustan Poet, writer of Metamorphoses
Term
RES GESTAE DIVI AUGUSTI
Definition
‘Achievements of the Divine Augustus’, 36 paragraphs, inscribed in stone
Term
Settlement of 27 BCE
Definition
Political arrangement between Octavian and the Senate, Augustus makes himself Tribune and Consul permanently
Term
Pater Patriae
Definition
Means, 'father of the country'
Term
Princeps
Definition
Means, 'first citizen'
Term
Praetorian Guard
Definition
Imperial body guard
Term
Scribonia
Definition
First wife of Augustus, they have a child, Julia
Term
Livia
Definition
Second Wife of Augustus
Term
Forum of Augustus
Definition
Civic centre, temple of Mars, Sculpture gallery, Italian Marble
Term
Altar of Peace
Definition
Dedicated in 9 BCE, in Campus Martius, Images of Aeneas, Tellus, and Aristocracy
Term
Divus Augustus
Definition
Semi-Divine status, Imperial Cult, started by Augustus
Term
The Aeneid
Definition
Story of Aeneas, prince of Troy who escaped from Troy when Greeks sacked the city
Term
The Julio-Claudians
Definition
14-69 CE
Term
Tiberius
Definition
14-37 CE, Reluctant Emperor, retreat to Capri
Term
Caligula
Definition
37-41 CE
Term
Claudius
Definition
41-54 CE, Palace Secretariat, Conquest of Britain (43 CE), Rise of Imperial Freedmen
Term
Nero
Definition
54-68 CE, Golden House, Murder of Agrippina, Great Fire, Jewish War
Term
The Flavians
Definition
69-96 CE
Term
Vespasian
Definition
69-70 CE, Commander of army fighting Jewish War
Term
Titus
Definition
79-81 CE, Colosseum
Term
Domitian
Definition
81-96 CE
Term
Nerva
Definition
Good Emperor, 96-98 CE
Term
Trajan
Definition
98-117 CE, Added Dacia, part of Arabia and Mesopotamia to the Empire
Trajan’s Column, describes conquest of Dacia,
Created a Forum, last great military Emperor
Term
Hadrian
Definition
117-138 CE, The Pantheon of Hadrian, Hadrian's Wall
Term
Antoninus Pius
Definition
Good Emperor, 138-161
Term
Marcus Aurelius
Definition
Appoints his son as Emperor, Commodus
Term
The Severans
Definition
193-235 CE
Term
Aurelians
Definition
269-275 CE
Term
Doicletian and the Tetrarchy
Definition
284-316 CE
Term
Septimius Severus
Definition
Born at Lepcis Magna in Libya, Legionary Commander in Syria, Arch of Severus, Campaigned in Scotland
Term
Caracalla
Definition
Septimius' Son, created Baths of Caracalla, Universal Citizenship Decree 212
Term
Aurelian Wall
Definition
Wall built after Dacia was abandoned and Rome turned to a more defensive attitude
Term
Queen Zenobia
Definition
Queen of Syria, local uprising, defeated by Rome
Term
Tetrarchy
Definition
Two emperors (Augusti), and two assistant Emperors (Caesars)
New Imperial Capitals Nicomedia (in Turkey), Milan
Reorganization of provinces
Term
Constantine the Great
Definition
312-337 CE
Didn’t want to share power with Licinius, defeats him
Edict of Milan 313
Moved Capital to Constantinople
Term
Theodosius the Great
Definition
379-395 CE
Term
Theodosius II
Definition
408-450
By the time he dies, many provinces in Roman Empire have drifted away
Term
Visigoths
Definition
Sack Rome in 410
Term
Romulus Augustulus
Definition
Last Roman Emperor, Deposed by Gothic King 476
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