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Ancient Rome
Mr. Hanks' Ancient Rome Exam Review Flashcards
54
History
6th Grade
02/01/2011

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Cards

Term
The Tiber River
Definition

The ancient Roman civilization was located next to this river.

Careful…don’t drink the water!!

Term
The Forum
Definition

Ordered built by the Emperor Trajan, this was the chief commercial marketplace and social gathering center for Romans. It was said to have 160-store shopping mall. It was also where the main governmental building of the Roman Republic

were located.

Term
The Colosseum
Definition

A massive 12 story high entertainment arena with a retractable roof ordered built by Emperor Vespasian in 72 AD. It could hold up to 50,000 spectators who could watch bloody fights between gladiators, wild animals, convicted criminals and slaves. Cost of admission was free. Its’ walls were so well built that the floor could be flooded for mock (pretend) naval battles.

Term
Paterfamilias
Definition

The Father or Grandfather.

The head of the

Roman household.

Term
"All Roads Lead to Rome"
Definition
Allowed the Roman military to travel quickly to protect and defend all parts of the empire at a moments notice.
Term
The Census
Definition
Being a Roman citizen was a matter of great pride. Every 5 years Roman men registered for this… in order to claim citizenship. Today it is a way of counting the total population.
Term
The Aqueduct
Definition
The most important aspect of its’ design was that it was built on a gradual slope thus allowing the forces of gravity to transport its’ vital resource naturally to the city from high in the mountains.
Term

THREE Geographic advantages of the location the ancient Romans chose for their great empire.

Definition

 1)Easy access to the Mediterranean Sea, which

      was the center of the known Western world.


2)Nearby water sources provided fertile soil.


      3)Surrounding mountains on either side.

 

Term
The Laws of the Twelve Tables
Definition
This was the name of the ancient Roman legal system devised by the lower class, but designed for ALL Romans. It was hung in the marketplaces so that every Roman knew how to act, according to the law.
Term
The Republic
Definition
Roman form of government whereby ONLY Roman citizens had the right to select their leaders.
Term
Italy
Definition
Rome is the present-day capital of this country...which has the shape of a BOOT.
Term
Romulus and Remus
Definition

According to legend, they were taken from their mother and left to drown in the Tiber River.  They were later found and raised by a shewolf.

Later in life these twin brothers fought to the death over who would rule the new kingdom. They were said to have formed the city of Rome.

Term
Europe
Definition
The city of Rome is located on this continent.
Term
Cement or Concrete
Definition
This incredible Roman invention, which continues to impact our lives today, was made of volcanic ash and lime mortar, to form a pasty substance. When dry it becomes as hard as stone.
Term
Patrician
Definition
A member of a wealthy and powerful, land-owning, family in the ancient Roman Republic.
Term
Julius Caesar
Definition

A Roman military and political leader who thought he was invincible and so declared himself dictator for life. The Romans did not want all of the power of the government in the hands of one single person, so when this great leader made this BOLD declaration, the Roman Senate and even

his best friend ended up stabbing him to death.

Term
The Alps and Apennines Mountains
Definition
These two Italian mountain ranges offered the Romans protection from their enemies.
Term
Mosaics
Definition
This artwork involves breaking tile or glass into small, fractured pieces and assembling those pieces onto an object to form a picture or design.
Term
CROWNED
Definition

Roman roads were built this way

in order to allow water to run off to the sides and drain more easily.

Term
Etruscans
Definition

These were the original inhabitants of Rome.

They were defeated by the Romans.  Many of the Roman gods were originally Etruscan gods. The Romans borrowed the Greek alphabet that the Etruscans used. The Romans also borrowed their idea for a type of clothing they used called the toga.

Term
Consuls
Definition
One of TWO elected Roman officials who were much like our modern day US President and were in charge of enforcing the laws and policies of the Roman government.
Term
The Senate
Definition
A powerful body of 300 Roman members, all male, who advised high government officials.
Term

Via Appia or

The Appian Way

Definition

Name for the very first Roman network of road ever built. It's original purpose was to allow the Roman Army to travel to all parts of the Empire at a moments notice. These roads were crowned in order to avoid flooding and allowed water to easily filter off to the sides.

Term
The Arch
Definition
Invented by the Etruscans but perfected by the Romans, it was used as a support of an open space, or in a doorway and was used in the construction of bridges and many important Roman buildings.
Term
Gladiators
Definition
Trained warriors, often times slaves, who fought in large arenas for the entertainment of Roman citizens.
Term
Slaves
Definition

 Almost every wealthy Roman family, even some poor families, owned them. They were used in the construction of many of Rome's most famous structures. They had no rights and could not vote.


Term
Plebians
Definition
They were ordinary citizens in the Roman Republic, usually common farmers and traders. 
Term

"Hail Caesar"!

We who are about to die salute you."

Definition
Famous phrase all Roman gladiators recited upon entering the floor of the arena before doing battle.
Term
Praetors
Definition
They helped develop the first rules for Roman courts of law. They served as judges in Roman civil-law trials that settled disputes about money, business, contracts and other important matters.
Term

Span of the

Roman Empire

Definition

From Britain to Egypt

and

 all the lands around the

Mediterranean Sea.

Term
Punic Wars
Definition

Rome fought a series of three battles against Carthage for the control of the Mediterranean Sea.

-In the first Punic War (264 - 241 BC), Rome seized the islands of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. 

-In the second Punic War, (218 - 201 BC) Rome defeated Carthage after being invaded by its army.

-In the third Punic War (149-146 BC) Rome destroyed Carthage giving Rome control of the Mediterranean coasts of Spain and Africa.

Term
Province
Definition

The Romans divided their territories into these

in order to handle the difficulties of governing its’

large empire. Each province had a Roman governor and army. They were allowed their own religion and local control but were obligated to pay Roman taxes and buy Roman goods.

Term
Dictator
Definition
This was an important official in the ancient Roman Republic, appointed to rule for six months at a time of EMERGENCY, with all the powers of the king.
Term
Toga
Definition
A loose fitting outer garment worn in public by citizens of ancient Rome.
Term
VETO
Definition
The power of one branch of the Roman government to reject bills or proposals passed by another Roman branch of government.
Term
Emperor Vespasian
Definition
This Roman Emperor ordered the building of the 12 story high colosseum arena which featured a retractable roof.
Term
Jupiter
Definition

ZEUS IN GREEK.

HE WAS THE MASTER OF ALL THE ROMAN GODS. IN HIS HAND HE HELD THUNDERBOLTS WHICH HE COULD HURL FROM THE SKY.

Term
NEPTUNE
Definition

POSEIDON IN GREEK.

HE WAS THE POWERFUL GOD OF THE SEA. HIS SYMBOL WAS THE TRIDENT.

Term
MINERVA
Definition

ATHENA IN GREEK.

SHE WAS THE GODDESS OF WISDOM, LEARNING, ARTS CRAFTS AND INDUSTRY. HER SYMBOL WAS THE OWL.

Term
VENUS
Definition
APHRODITE IN GREEK. SHE WAS THE GODDESS OF LOVE AND BEAUTY.
Term
MERCURY
Definition

HERMES IN GREEK.

HE WAS THE MESSENGER OF THE GODS. THE WINGS ON HIS HELMET AND SANDALS ALLOWED HIM TO TRAVEL VERY QUICKLY TO WHEREVER A GOD MIGHT SEND HIM.

Term
MARS
Definition

ARES IN GREEK.

HE WAS THE GOD OF WAR AND THE STRONGEST AND MOST FEARSOME GOD.

 

Term
DIANA
Definition

ARTEMIS IN GREEK.

SHE WAS THE GODDESS OF HUNTING AND THE GODDESS OF THE MOON.

Term
EMPEROR AUGUSTUS
Definition
ONE OF THE "GOOD EMPERORS" WHO WANTED TO BRING PEACE AND STABILITY TO THE ROMAN EMPIRE. HE WAS AN INTELLIGENT RULER WHO TOOK HIS POWER FROM THE SENATE. HE OFFERED TO SHARE HIS POWER BUT THE PEOPLE GAVE HIM AS MUCH POWER AS HE WANTED.
Term
Villa
Definition
Large estate (house) where the wealthy, upper class Romans lived.
Term
Cloaca Maxima
Definition
The world's very first sewer system...invented by the Romans.
Term
Keystone
Definition
Located at the top of the arch, it was the most important block. All the other blocks pushed or pressed against this block to create a strong support over doorways etc...
Term
Emperor Justinian
Definition
This Roman Emperor was known for a set of rules and regulations for all Romans promoting fairness, equality and justice for all.
Term
Polytheism
Definition
The Romans beleived and worshiped multiple gods.
Term
"Beware the IDES of March"
Definition

A message to Julius Ceasar by a fortune teller warning him of impending DANGER around the middle or (Ides) of the March.

March 15, 44 BC

Term
Hadrian's Wall
Definition
An enormous 73-mile long, 15-foot high construction ordered built by Emperor Hadrain, which helped Rome protect its' ever-expanding Empire.
Term
Tribunes
Definition
They were appointed to protect ordinary Romans against unfair treatment.
Term
Magistrates
Definition
They were Roman officials who were appointed to be judges, to look after the cities finances and other jobs.
Term
The Pantheon
Definition

This famous temple was built to honor all of the Roman gods. 

It is one of the largest and best preserved "domed" buildings in

ancient history.

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