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| land with water on three side |
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| a high, rock hill on or near which early people built cities |
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| a city with its own traditions and government, and laws |
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| a member of a rich and powerful family |
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| a ruler who seized power by force |
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| a form of government in which citizens govern themselves |
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| What is the major landform of Greece? |
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| Mountains and Greece is a peninsula made up of peninsulas |
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| How much of the land is good for farming? |
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| What type of occupations did the Greeks have because of the land and water around them? |
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| Why were the cities in Greece city-states? |
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| Mountains cut off the small communities from each other |
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| Who wrote the two epics about the Trojan War and what was the name of each poem? |
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| Homer and he wrote Iliad and Odyssey |
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| Describe the conditions in Greece during the period between the 1100s B.C. and the 700s B.C. and why were these years referred to as Greece's Dark Ages? |
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| For unknown reasons the Greek civilizations collapsed after the end of Troy. Poverty was everywhere. They no longer traded beyond Greece and writing disappeared. The Greeks had to move to other places. These are reasons that caused the Dark Ages in Greece. |
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| List and describe the three kinds of government that development in the Greek city-states after the Dark Ages. |
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• Aristocracy- Aristocracy had chieftains or kings as rulers. At the end of The Dark Ages aristocrats ruled most of the city-states.
• Tyrants- A middle class of merchants and artisans developed. The artisans wanted a say in the government. They couldn’t afford to equip themselves with war things, but they could afford to buy swords and armor. Gradually, the military strength in the cities shifted from aristocrats to merchants and artisans. As a result of this a ruler called a Tyrant usually replaced aristocrats. The middle and working classes supported tyrants.
• Democracy- Eventually many people overthrew the tyrants because they were too harsh. A few cities moved to a government called democracy. In democracy citizens govern themselves. |
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| Who was Solon and what did he do to reform the economy and the government of Athens? |
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| Solon was a wise Athenian leader who won the power to reform the laws. His laws were fairer. His laws reformed both the economy and government of Athens. Economically, Solon canceled all debt and freed citizens who had been enslaved for having debts. He reformed the government by allowing male citizens of Athens 18 years or older have a say in debating important laws. In Athens, women, slaves, and foreigners were not considered citizens |
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| How did Athens grow rich during the Golden Age? |
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| Athens grew rich in the Golden Age from trade and from silver mined by slaves in the regions around the city and tributes |
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| Who is Pericles and what was the most important change he made? Why was this important? |
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| Pericles was the most powerful man in Athenian politics and his most important change that he made was to have the city pay salary to its officials. This was important because the poor citizens could afford to hold public office. He was also well-educated, intelligent, aristocrat |
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| What was the greatest work of the Greek architects? |
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| The Greeks greatest work was the Parthenon, a temple to the goddess Athena. |
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| What was the goal of Greek art? |
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| The goal of Greek art was to present images of human perfection in an orderly way. |
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| What is the main difference between Greek gods and humans? |
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| The main difference between the Greek gods and humans was that the gods were perfect in form and has awesome power. |
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| List the important philosophers and what they believed. |
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A. Thales- believed that water was the basic material of the world
B. Democritus- thought everything was made up of tiny particles called atoms
C. Socrates- wanted people to consider the true meaning of qualities |
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| What were Greek tragedies usually about? |
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| Often, tragedies told of fictional humans who were destroyed when forced to make impossible choices. |
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| What were the comedic dramas about? |
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| In Athens these poets wrote comedies that made fun of well-known citizens and politicians and also made jokes about the customs of the day. |
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| What was one of Athens greatest achievements? |
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| Among the city’s greatest achievements were the plays written and produced in the 400s B.C., during the Golden Age. |
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| a public market and meeting place in an ancient Greek city |
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