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A lower elevation of fertile land found by the Nile River
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| Country in northeastern Africa. Depended on Nile river. Surrounded by hot dry dessert. Depended on agriculture. |
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Longest river in the world.
Begins in East Africa and flows northward into Egypt.
4000 miles long |
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Northern part of Egypt.
Nile delta located here“downstream”- Nile flows north
Lower elevation |
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Region in Egypt south of Nile Delta. • Lies south of Lower Egypt “Upstream” because Niles flows north
Higher elevation |
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City on the Nile.
Located near delta
“blackland”- fertile
Capital during reign of Menes |
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Triangular shaped area of soil at the mouth of some rivers.
• Looks like fingers spread out
• Fertile soil
• Nile flows through |
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Mixture of soil and small rocks, very rich soil
• Deposited near mouth of Nile
• Carried by flow of Nile
• Causes land to be fertile |
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A plant whose stems are used to make a kind of paper
• Process involved cutting thin strips from stem, pressing together
• When dried produced smooth surface
• Used for record keeping
• Valuable crop
• Grew along banks of Nile
• Used for boat making |
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Large steep waterfall
• Nile flows through 6
• Broke flow of the Nile
• Made it necessary to take boats out of water to get from Nile delta to East Africa |
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City
• Built Great pyramid
• Started 2000 BC
• Built for Pharaoh Khufu |
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King
• 3150 BC led army north into Lower Egypt
• Responsible for unifying Upper & Lower Egypt |
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Pharaoh
* Known for having the Great Pyramid built at Giza, 2600 BC
* took 20 yrs to build
* tallest man-made structure until the 1800’s |
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Daughter of a pharaoh.
• Married to King Thutmose II
• She became ruler upon his death
• Built garden in a temple for sun god Ra who she claimed was her real father
• Sent expedition to find riches |
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Pharaoh originally named Amenhotep 1350 BC.
• He and wife Nefertiti started to worship a new sun god Aton
• Name means servant of Aton
• Became so focused on Aton neglected his duties as pharaoh
• Tutankhamen became pharaoh after his death
• Order restored, Aton forgotten
• She became ruler upon his death
• Built garden in a temple for sun god Ra who she claimed was her real father
• Sent expedition to find riches |
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Priest, advisor
• Began to keep records of Ancient Kings during third dynasty
• Divided Kings into different dynasties |
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A form of writing based on pictures.
• Sacred carvings
• Represented objects or ideas, but also stood for sounds
• Could be carved into stone or clay or written on paper |
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Huge stone structures, buildings which served as a house for the dead
• Egyptians believed that kings remained gods after they died
• Pyramids were palaces
• Kings buried with their possessions
• Bodies preserved |
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Preserved body of a king (pharaoh)
Process called mummification
• Took 70 days to mummify
• Removed all organs, except heart
• Rubbed oils & perfumes all over the body
• Wrapped body in linen bandages |
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The way people use and manage resources
• Egyptians went on expeditions to SW Asia to trade goods such as wheat, gold and linen |
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A stone discovered in 1799 which solved the hieroglyphics mystery
• Passage written in Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphics & a form of Egyptian cursive writing
• By comparing Egyptian hieroglyphics with Greek the stone could be read |
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Kingdom to south of Egypt.
• Today known as Sudan
• People living there since Old Stone Age
• Civilization emerged about 3200 B.C. |
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One of the capital cities of Nubia
• Written language called Meroitic used in Nubia
• Similar to Egyptian hieroglyphics
• No one able to decode it
• Trade flourished here
• Iron plentiful |
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A Kingdom of Nubia
• 1800 B.C.Egypt expanded into Nubia
• 1650 B.C. Kush became independent
• Pharaohs regained power |
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Capital city of Kushites.
• Kushites moved there after
Assyrians attacked Egypt 670
B.C.
• Egyptians attacked Kush and destroyed Napata |
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Retook Nubia in 1400’s B.C.
An Egyptian Pharaoh.
• Demanded Nubians make tributes or payments to him |
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King of Kush 750 BC
• Conquered Upper Egypt
• Regained independence |
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King Kashta's son
• Conquered the rest of Egypt
• Kushite kings then became pharaohs of Egypt |
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Queen of Kushites.
• Opposed taxes imposed on her people
• Led Kush into battle against Romans in the first century B.C
• Led military expeditions and built monuments |
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