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Greek King of Macedon in 336 B.C.
Known for spreading Greek culture into the East. |
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| Record of the words and acts of the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his disciples. |
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| A collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism that was composed in the Avestan language in 500 B.C. |
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| Lived from 384-322 B.C. and was a Greek philosopher who greatly influenced Western thought. |
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| King of Assyria from 669-626 B.C. and was a noted patron of literature and the arts. |
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| A West African peoples that had common language, folklore, and pottery but no common government. |
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| Battle between Alexander the Great and Darius II of Persia that took place in 331 B.C. |
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| The Battle of Marathon place in 490 B.C. during the first Persian invasion of Greece; resulting in Atheian victory. |
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| Took place in 480 B.C. during the second Persian invasion of Greece. |
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| Ancient Indian religion during the second half of the first millennium B.C. It is largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly know as the Buddha. |
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| An institution of higher learning, research, or honorary membership. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia. |
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| An early Pre-Incan civilization from Peru that existed from 900-200 B.C. |
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| A Chinese philosopher of the 6th century B.C. and was the founder of Confucianism. |
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| Reigned from 559-530 B.C. and was the founder of the Persian Empire under the Achaemenid Dynasty. |
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| A Chinese classic text whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi. |
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| Third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire. He reigned from 521-486 B.C. and formalized the policy of toleration. |
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| Was the last king of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia from 336 BC to 330 BC |
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| It was founded in 478 B.C and was an association of 173 Greek city-states under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire. |
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| A king of Assyria who reigned from 681–669 B.C. |
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| A legendary ancient Greek poet. He is traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. |
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| An epic poem that is among the oldest extant works of Western literature. It tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles. |
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| An ancient religion of India that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. |
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| A philosopher of ancient China and is a central figure in Daoism. According to Chinese tradition, Laozi lived in the 6th century BC |
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| A classical Chinese word which finds its most extensive use in Confucian and Chinese philosophy. Li encompasses not a definitive object but rather a somewhat abstract idea; as such, it is translated in a number of different ways. |
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| a Bronze Age civilization, arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BC to the 15th century BC. They can be referred to as "the first link in the European chain." |
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| A philosopher who lived in China during the Hundred Schools of Thought period. He founded the school of Mohism and argued strongly against Confucianism and Daoism. |
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| A ruler of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who reigned 605–562 B.C. He is credited with the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. |
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| One of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is, in part, a sequel to the Iliad. |
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| A Pre-Columbian civilization living in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico. They flourished during Mesoamerica's Formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 B.C. to about 400 B.C. |
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| a prominent and influential statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the city's Golden Age. He led Athens roughly from 461 to 429 B.C. |
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| A Classical Greek philosopher and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. |
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| A Kushite pharaoh of the 25th dynasty of Egypt, between 721 BC-707 B.C. |
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| An important statesman of Qin in the Warring States Period of ancient China. |
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| Was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 to 221 B.C. during the Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 B.C. |
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| A spiritual teacher from ancient India who founded Buddhism. |
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| A Classical Greek philosopher (469–399 BC) who is credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. |
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| An Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet.(638–558 B.C.) He is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy. |
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| A work of political philosophy by Aristotle. |
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| The standard collection of scriptures in the Buddhist tradition. It is the only completely surviving early Buddhist canon, and one of the first to be written down. It was composed in North India in 1st century B.C. |
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| Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings of Vedanta. |
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| An ancient Iranian prophet and philosopher, and the founder of the Zoroastrian religion. He lived in about the 10th or 11th century B.C. |
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| In Indian religions Karma is the concept of "action" or "deed." It originates in ancient India and treated in Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist philosophies. |
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| The last phase of the Bronze Age in Ancient Greece, it is the historical setting of much ancient Greek literature and myth, including the epics of Homer. They existed from 1600–1100 B.C. |
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