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Ancient Civilizations
First test
47
History
Undergraduate 1
06/07/2010

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Cards

Term
What are the 5 characteristics of civilization?
Definition
1. developed writing
2. built cities
3. states with boundaries-government
4. organized religion
5. complex life called for construction of temples, palaces, monuments, roads,etc…
Term
What are the 4 cradles of civilization?
Definition
1. Tigris- Euphrates Rives Valley
2. Nile River Valley
3. Indus River Valley
4. Yellow River Valley
Term
Who invented the earliest known writing (cuneiform)?
Definition
Sumerians
Term
wedge shaped symbols
Definition
cuneiform
Term
What kind of civilization did the Sumerians have?
Definition
Theocracy (priest-king)..meaning king was probably worshipped as a god.
Term
Who developed the use of irrigation?
Definition
Sumerians
Term
Who developed mathematics based on the number 60?
Definition
Sumerians
Term
Who constructed Ziggurats?
Definition
Sumerians
Term
What are Ziggurats?
Definition
large temple towers
Term
Semi-nomadic people who conquered Mesopotamia under Sargon the Great
Definition
Akkadians
Term
Established the first empire in history
Definition
Akkadians
Term
What ancient civilization are the Amorites affiliated with?
Definition
Babylonians
Term
Who invaded Akkadian land, captured several cities, including Babylon in 2000 BC?
Definition
Amorites
Term
Who united the entire area and established the first Babylonian empire?
Definition
Hammurabi
Term
Who was the sixth Amorite King?
Definition
Hammurabi
Term
Who was the first notable law giver?
Definition
Hammurabi
Term
What was the first se of laws called?
Definition
Hammurabi Code
Term
Warlike, nomadic Indo-European people: settled in Asia Minor about 2000 BC
Definition
Hittites
Term
What empire covered most of asia minor and Syria and northern Mesopotamia ?
Definition
Hittite Empire
Term
Invented Iron smelting in 1500 BC
Definition
Hittites
Term
Introduced the horse and light iron chariots into warfare
Definition
Hittites
Term
People who found themselves constantly attached and dominated. Decided to fight back.
Either conquer or be destroyed.
Definition
Assyrians
Term
Capital: Nineveh
Definition
Assyrians
Term
Originally conquered by the Assyrians. Conquered Assyrians in 612 BC
Definition
Chaldeans
Term
King Nebuchadnezzar (605-52 BC) Conquered most of Middle East, including Jerusalem
Definition
Chaldeans
Term
‘Hanging Gardens of Babylon’
Definition
Chaldeans
Term
Indo-European tribes
Definition
Persians
Term
This empire was established by Cyrus the Great (550-529 BC)
Definition
Persian Empire
Term
Greatest achievement was an effective world government
Definition
Persians
Term
Semitic people: branch of Canaanites
Definition
Phoenicians
Term
Became the first explorers, traders, and colonizers of the ancient world
Definition
Phoenicians
Term
Invented the alphabet
Definition
Phoenicians
Term
Mixed Asiatic people (Asia Minor)
Height of kingdom was under King Croesus 9560-546 BC)
Invented coined money (in use by 700 BC)
Definition
Lydians
Term
fought among themselves until united by King Saul
Definition
Hebrews
Term
defeated the philistines and later became King of Palestine
-brought with him the Ark of the Covenant
Definition
David
Term
(David’s son) rebuilt Jerusalem
…conquered the following:

Kingdom of Israel (933-722 BC)

Kingdom of Judah (933-586 BC)
Definition
Solomon
Term
Jews got kicked out of Palestine... which is what we call Israel today.
Jews decided they wanted to go home after WWII.
Definition
Diaspora
Term
Who conquered all of the middle east?
Definition
Alexander the Great
Term
What 2 things did the Hebrews contribute?
Definition
Judaism (monotheism)
Ten Commandments: Ethical Code
Term
irrigation, solar calendar, hieroglyphic writing
Definition
Ancient Egypt
Term
What king united Egypt and moved the capital to memphis?
Definition
King Menes
Term
2 things that happened under the New Kingdom of Egypt
Definition
Absolute power of pharaohs restored—Egyptian empire established
Term
drove out Hyksos- founded new kingdom
Definition
Amosis
Term
first capable woman ruler in history
Definition
Queen Hatsheput
Term
‘Napoleon of Egypt’
Definition
Thutmosis III
Term
worshipped Aton (sun god)
Definition
Amenhoptep IV
Term
Pharaoh of the “Hebrew Exodus”
Definition
Rameses II
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