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AnChap2
Chemical Basis and Life
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/01/2011

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Term
Isotopes
Definition
same atomic number but different atomic weight
Term
cations/anions
Definition
positive charge and negative charge ions
Term
covalent bond
Definition
chemical bond of atoms that share e-
Term
polar
Definition
e- not shared equally
Term
hydrogen bond
Definition
H+ to N/O-
Term
electrolytes
Definition
substances that release ions in water
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
energy cells require; supply material to build; stored as reserve energy supplies
Term
Lipids
Definition
compounds (fats, phospholipids, steroids) organic chemicals insoluble in water
Term
carbs
Definition
monosaccharides (glucose/fructose)
Disaccharides (sucrose/lactose)
polysaccharides (glycogen/cellulose)
water (soluble)
build cell structure; provide energy to cells
Term
Fats: triglycerides
Definition
(3 fatty acids [1 sat, 2 unsat] and glycerol)
used for energy; most common lipid; have C, H, O, but less O carbs
Term
Phospholipids
Definition
2 FA + phosphate + glycerol (hydrophilic/phobic)
major component of cell membranes
Term
Steroids
Definition
4 ring structure
various functions
Term
primary structure of protein
Definition
Term
secondary structure of protein
Definition
polypeptide chain of a protein molecule is pleated or twisted to form a coil; helix and sheet
Term
tertiary structure of a protein
Definition
held together by interactions; final 3D folding
Term
quarternary structure of a protein
Definition
multiple proteins coming together; 2+ tert; poly chains connected to form a single protein molecule
Term
nucleic acid
Definition
building blocks (nucleotides) sugar, phosphates, bases
carry genes; encode amino acid sequence of proteins
DNA, RNA
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