Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy: thorax
Plus anatomy one-liners for the thorax
110
Anatomy
Professional
11/02/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What does the anterior mediastinum contain?
Definition
Remnants of thymus, LNs, fat and CT
Term
What does the middle mediastinum contain?
Definition
Pericardium, heart, roots of the great vessels, arch of azygos vein, main bronchi
Term
What is the posterior border of the anterior mediastinum?
Definition
Pericardium
Term
The pericardial sac lies posterior to the body of the sternum and the second to ___th costal cartilages at the level of the T__ - T __ vertebrae.
Definition
6, 5, 8
Term
What does the fibrous pericardium attach to or fuse with?
Definition
Tunica advantitia of great vessels leaving the heart, attached to posterior surface of sternum by sternopericardial ligaments, fused with central tendon of the diaphragm
Term
The ascending aorta carries the pericardium superiorly beyond the heart to the level of the...
Definition
sternal angle
Term
The visceral layer of serous pericardium forms the __________, the external layer of the heart wall.
Definition
epicardium
Term
As the heart tube folds, its venous end moves _________ly so that the venous end of the tube lies adjacent to the arterial end, separated by the...
Definition
posterosuperiorly, transverse pericardial sinus
Term
The arterial supply of the pericardium is mainly from which artery? It is a branch of what?
Definition
Pericardiacophrenic artery, internal thoracic
Term
Venous drainage of the pericardium is from...
Definition
pericardiacophrenic veins and tributaries of the azygos system
Term
What is the sensory innervation of the pericardium?
Definition
Phrenic nerves C3-5
Term
What is the vasomotor innervation to the pericardium?
Definition
Sympathetic trunks
Term
Where is a needle inserted for pericardiocentesis?
Definition
through left 5th or 6th IC space near sternum
Term
The base of the heart is the heart's _______ aspect. What mainly forms it?
Definition
posterior, left atrium with a lesser contribution from right atrium
Term
The anterior or sternocostal surface of the heart is formed mainly by the...
Definition
right ventricle
Term
The diaphragmatic or inferior surface of the heart is formed mainly by the...
Definition
left ventricle, partly by the right ventricle as well
Term
The right pulmonary surface of the heart is formed mainly by the...
Definition
right atrium
Term
The primordial atrium is represented in the adult by the...
Definition
right auricle
Term
The definitive right atrium is enlarged by the incorporation of most of the embryonic...
Definition
sinus venosus
Term
The part of the venous sinus incorporated into the primordial atrium becomes the smooth-walled ________ of the adult right atrium.
Definition
sinus venarum
Term
The separation between the primordial atrium and the sinus venarum is indicated externally by what structure? And internally by what structure?
Definition
sulcus terminalis, crista terminalis
Term
The rough muscular wall of the right atrium is composed of...
Definition
pectinate muscles
Term
The right ventricle tapers superiorly into a cone, the...
Definition
conus arteriosus
Term
the conus arteriosus leads into the...
Definition
pulmonary trunk
Term
What are the irregular muscular elevations of the right ventricle?
Definition
trabeculae carnae
Term
What separates the ridged muscular wall of the inflow part of the right ventricle from the smooth wall of the conus arteriosus or outflow part?
Definition
the supraventricular crest
Term
What prevents the tricuspid cusps from prolapsing or separating?
Definition
chordae tendinae
Term
How many papillary muscles are usually in the right ventricle?
Definition
3
Term
Which part of the IV septum is located superoposteriorly and is continuous of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
Definition
The membranous part
Term
Which part of the IV septum bulges into a ventricle? Which one?
Definition
muscular part, right ventricle
Term
What structure runs from the inferior part of the IV septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle? What does it do?
Definition
The septomarginal trabecula or moderator band. It carries bart of the right bundle branches of the AV bundle.
Term
The blood in which spaces prevents the pulmonary semilunar cusps from sticking to the wall of the pulmonary trunk and failing to close?
Definition
the pulmonary sinuses
Term
Where are the pectinate muscles in the left atrium?
Definition
in the auricle
Term
The smooth walled portion of the left atrium is formed by absorption of the embryonic...
Definition
pulmonary veins
Term
Compare the trabeculae carnae of the left ventricle to the right ventricle
Definition
they are finer and more numberous
Term
Compare the papillary muscles of the left ventricle to those of the right ventricle
Definition
2 as opposed to 3, they are larger
Term
What is the smooth walled outflow part of the left ventricle?
Definition
the aortic vestibule
Term
What are the two cusps of the mitral valve? (named for directions)
Definition
anterior and posterior
Term
When do the chorda tendinae become taught?
Definition
Just before and during systole
Term
Where are the mouths of the right and left coronary arteries?
Definition
In the right and left aortic sinuses
Term
Percussion of the heart is performed where?
Definition
3rd, 4th, 5th IC spaces from the left anterior axillary line to the right anterior axillary line
Term
A probe size patency appears in the superior part of the oval fossa in what percentage of people?
Definition
15 to 25%
Term
What part of the IV septum is a common site of VSDs?
Definition
the membranous part
Term
What types of defects account for approx 25% of all forms of congenital heart disease?
Definition
ventricular septal defects
Term
What is the most frequent valve abnormality? What does it result in?
Definition
Aortic stenosis, LV hypertrophy
Term
The superior border of the heart corresponds to a line drawn from the inferior border of the ______ left costal cartilage to the superior border of the ______ right costal cartilage.
Definition
second, third
Term
The right border of the heart corresponds to a line drawn from the _____ right costal cartilage to the ______ right costal cartilage
Definition
3rd, 6th
Term
The inferior border of the heart corresponds to a line drawn from the inferior end of the right border to a point in the ______ IC space close to the left _______ line
Definition
fifth, midclavicular
Term
The right coronary artery runs in the coronary....
Definition
groove/sulcus
Term
What are the main branches of the RCA?
Definition
ascending SA nodal branch, right marginal branch, the AV nodal branch, large posterior IV branch
Term
In approx 40% of people, the SA nodal branches arises from the...
Definition
circumflex branch of the LCA
Term
Just left of the pulmonary trunk, the LCA divides into...
Definition
anteror IV branch and circumflex branch
Term
Which artery follows the left margin of the heart and supplies the left ventricle? Where does it arise from?
Definition
The left marginal artery, form the circumflex branch of the LCA
Term
In many people, the anterior IV artery gives rise to a _________ branch, which descends on the anterior surface of the heart
Definition
lateral (diagonal) branch
Term
In about 1/3 of hearts, the circumflex branch of the LCA continues as the...
Definition
posterior IV branch
Term
What does the coronary sinus receive at its left and right ends?
Definition
L: great cardiac vein, R: middle and small cardiac veins
Term
Aside from the great, middle and small cardiac veins, what other veins open into the coronary sinus?
Definition
left posterior ventricular vein and left marginal vein
Term
The small anterior cardiac veins empty into...
Definition
the right atrium
Term
The smallest cardiac veins open directly into...
Definition
the chambers of the heart, chiefly the atria
Term
Lymphatic vessels in the myocardium and subendocardial CT pass to the...
Definition
subepicardial lymphatic plexus
Term
Vessels from the subepicardial lymphatic plexus pass to the coronary _______ and follow the coronary ______.
Definition
groove, arteries
Term
A single lymphatic vessel ascends between what cardiac structures and ends in which LNs?
Definition
between pulmonary trunk and left atrium, ends in the inferior tracheobronchial LNs, usually on the right side
Term
What special collection of tissue is located in the IA septum near the coronary sinus?
Definition
the AV node
Term
The AV bundle passes through which part of the IV septum?
Definition
the membranous part
Term
The heart is supplied by ANS fibers from which plexuses? Where are they?
Definition
superficial and deep cardiac plexuses, anterior to the bifurcation of the trachea and posterior to the ascending aorta
Term
The sympathetic presynaptic fibers to the heart come from cell bodies located where?
Definition
the lateral horns of the T1-T5 or T6
Term
The sympathetic postsynaptic fibers to the heart come from cell bodies located where?
Definition
cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
Term
Sympathetic stimulation has what effect on coronary arteries?
Definition
indirectly dilates them by inhibiting their constriction
Term
The parasympathetic innervation of the heart is from presynaptic fibers of the...
Definition
vagus nerves
Term
Where are postsynaptic parasympathic cell bodies that innervate the heart?
Definition
near the SA and AV nodes and along coronary arteries
Term
What fibrous structures connect the fibrous rings of the valves and the membranous parts of the IA and IV septa?
Definition
fibrous trigones
Term
Where are the 3 most common sites of coronary artery occlusion?
Definition
1) LAD branch of the LCA, 2) the RCA, 3) circumflex branch of LCA
Term
Atherosclerosis is characterized by lipid deposits in which layer of the coronary arteries?
Definition
intima
Term
Which vessel is commonly used for coronary bypass surgeries?
Definition
great saphenous vein
Term
Nipple dermatome
Definition
T4
Term
T4 is the dermatome for the
Definition
nipple
Term
Inferior angle of scapula vertebral level
Definition
T7
Term
T7 is the level of the...
Definition
inf angle of the scapula
Term
What is immediately posterior to the manubrium?
Definition
thymus
Term
thymus is immediately posterior to the...
Definition
manubrium
Term
level of sternal angle?
Definition
T4/5
Term
rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly?
Definition
R2
Term
rib related to horizontal fissure of right lung?
Definition
R4
Term
inferior extent of the lung at midclavicular, midaxillary and posteriorly?
Definition
6th rib, 8th rib, 10th rib
Term
inferior extent of pleura at midclavicular, midaxillary and posteriorly?
Definition
8th rib, 10th rib, 12th rib
Term
innervation of costal pleura?
Definition
intercostal nerves
Term
innervation of mediastinal pleura?
Definition
phrenic nerve
Term
level of aortic arch?
Definition
T4/5
Term
Right primary bronchus is more likely to receive aspirated material because it's...
Definition
wider, shorter, more vertical
Term
needle location for therapeutic needle tap?
Definition
superior to 12th rib posteriorly
Term
right ventricle - what comes before the pulmonary trunk?
Definition
conus arteriosum or infundibulum
Term
site for auscultation of pulmonary valve? aortic valve?
Definition
left 2nd ICS, right 2nd ICS
Term
site for auscultation of tricuspid valve? mitral valve?
Definition
xiphisternal joint, left 5th ICS in MCL
Term
heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection?
Definition
right ventricle
Term
heart chamber that forms apex
Definition
LV
Term
heart chamber that forms base
Definition
LA
Term
artery that determines coronary dominance
Definition
post IV
Term
usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries
Definition
RCA
Term
location of SA node
Definition
crista terminalis
Term
major vessel draining musculature of heart
Definition
coronary sinus
Term
innervation of fibrous pericardium
Definition
phrenic nerve
Term
most common cause of SEM?
Definition
aortic stenosit
Term
location of ductus arteriosis
Definition
between left pulmonary artery and aorta
Term
nerve potentially injured with repair of PDA
Definition
left recurrent largyngeal
Term
veins that unite to form brachiocephalic
Definition
subclavian and internal jugular
Term
veins that unite to form SVC
Definition
right and left brachiocephalic
Term
termination of azygos vein
Definition
SVC
Term
structures to RIGHT and LEFT of thoracic duct
Definition
azygos vein, aorta
Term
thoracic structures that can compress the esophagus?
Definition
left bronchus, aorta and diaphragm
Term
disease often assoc with thymoma
Definition
myasthenia gravis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!