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Anatomy- Skull
Goss 11/13/11
88
Anatomy
Professional
11/14/2011

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Term
What are the walls, floors and ceiling of the nasal cavities made out of?
Definition
bone and cartilage that is continuous with the nasal sinuses
Term
What separates the nasal and oral cavities?
Definition
hard and soft palate
Term
What is the nerve of all mastication processes?
Definition
CN V
Term
What is the of all facial muscles?
Definition
CN VII
Term
Where is the infratemporal fossa and what passes through it?
Definition
bw posterior mandible and lateral pterygoid process
-CN5
Term
Where is the pterygopalatine fossa and what passes through it?
Definition
posterior to maxilla
CN5
Term
Where does the dentist put numbing shots?
Definition
alvolar nerve?
Term
What do the orbicularis oculi do? orbicularis oris?
Definition
-close eye
-kissy face
Term
What is a righting reflex?
Definition
positioning of the head in reaction to environment relative to the body
Term
What is the calvaria?
Definition
-upper part of the cranium
-including temporal, parietal, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and occipital
Term
What is the facial skeleton?
Definition
-lower part of the cranium
-includes nasal bones: palatine, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae and vomer.
Term
Where are the crista galla?
Definition
sticks out of ethmoid bone
Term
Which nasal concha can you feel? What do the concha do?
Definition
inferior
warm air that come into the noseW
Term
What goes through the foramen spinosum?
Definition
-middle meningeal artery
Term
What goes through the foramen lacerum?
Definition
filled up with tissue
Term
What goes through the foramen ovale?
Definition
CN 5
Term
What goes through the carotid foramen/canal?
Definition
internal carotid
Term
What goes through the stylomastoid foramen?
Definition
CN 7
Term
What goes through the jugular foramen?
Definition
jugular vein, right behind carotids
Term
What are the pterygoid processes attachments for?
Definition
jaw muscles
Term
What holds the sphenoid bone?
Definition
-sella turcica holds pituitary gland
-optic foramen
-lesser and greater wings
Term
What processes attach to the temporal bone?
Definition
temporal squama
zygomatic process forms part of arch
external auditory meatus
mastoid process
styloid process
stylomastoid foramen(VII)
mandibular fossa (TMJ)
petrous portion (VIII)
Term
What are the foramen of the temporal bone?
Definition
carotid and jugular
Term
What are some features of the occipital bone?
Definition
-foramen magnum
-occipital condyles
-external occipital protuberance attachment for ligamentum nuchae
-superior & inferior nuchal lines
Term
Describe the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone.
Definition
extends anteromedial to articulate with the zygomatic process of the maxilla
Term
describe the frontal process of the zygomatic bone.
Definition
extends superiorly to articulate with the zygomatic process of the frontal bone
Term
Describe the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.
Definition
extends posteriorly to articulate with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Term
Describe the mandible.
Definition
Has a body, angle and ramus:
-ramus is quadrangular with medial and lateral surfaces and condylar and coronoid processes
*lateral surface is attachment for masseter muscle
-alveolar process is where teeth attach
-mandibular and mental foramen
Term
What are the 4 movements of the mandible?
Definition
protrusion
retraction
elevation
depression
Term
Which muscles articulate to cause protrusion?
Definition
lateral pterygoid with medial pterygoid
Term
Which muscles articulate to cause retraction?
Definition
posterior fibers of temporalis, deep part of massester, and geniohyoid and digastric
Term
Which muscles articulate to cause elevation?
Definition
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
Term
Which muscles articulate to cause depression?
Definition
*gravity
digastriv
geniohyoid
mylohyoid
Term
What composes the maxillae?
Definition
upper jaw
infra orbital foramen
alveolar processes on top
Term
What are fontanels?
Definition
dense CT membrane filled spaces bw cranial bones of fetuses and infants
-major fontanels: anteriorm posterior, anterolaterals, and posterolaterals
Term
What are the 2 fxns of fontanels?
Definition
-fit through birth canal
-rapid growth of brain during infancy
Term
What foramen are in the cribiform plates on either side of the crista galli?
Definition
odorific foramen
Term
What are the layers from external to internal of the SCALP?
Definition
Skin
CT
Aponeurotic layer
Loose CT
Pericranium
Term
What is the innervation of the scalp?
Definition
front part (ant to ears)- Trigeminal nerve (CNV)
posterior to ears- C2, C3 & C5
Term
Scalp has a very rich blood supply?
Definition
branches of external carotid and opthalmic artery (which is of internal carotid)
Term
What is internal carotid concerned with supplying?
Definition
brain
Term
Which veins drain the scalp?
Definition
temporal vein (lateral scalp)
auricular vein (of ear)
occipital vein (posterior)
Term
What is the lymphatic drainage of the head and neck?
Definition
posterior of ear- to mastoid nodes
anterior to ears- to parotid nodes
Term
What if lymph nodes are swollen and they hurt? don't hurt?
Definition
-infection
-lymphacytic cancer
Term
What are the bones of the orbit?
Definition
frontal
maxilla
zygomatic
zygomatic process of frontal bone
Term
What is the roof of the orbit?
Definition
lesser wing of sphenoid
Term
What is the medial wall of orbit?
Definition
maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid and sphenoid
Term
What are the layers of the eyelid from anterior to posterior?
Definition
skin
subcutaneous tissue
voluntary muscle
-ORBICULARIS OCULI (CNVII) closes the eyelids
Tarsus Lavator palpebrae superioris
-if problem here-ptosis (CNIII)
Conjunctiva
Term
What is the condition where you cannot close you orbicularis oculi?
Definition
Bell's palsy
Term
Where does the conjunctiva stop lining the eyelid?
Definition
when it hits corneal edge
is reflecte on anterior surface of eyelid
Term
What is found at the base of eyelashes?
Definition
sebaceous glands
-if get stopped up, get a sty
Term
What is the gap bw the eyelids?
Definition
palpebral fissure
Term
What do tears contain?
Definition
batericidal NZ called lysozyme
-produce 1 ml of tears per day
-spread over eyes by blinking
Term
What does the fascial sheath of the eyeball connect to?
Definition
-posteriorly to sclera at optic nerve entrance
-anteriorly to sclera
-blends with eye muscles
-suspensroy ligament
Term
What does he suspensroy ligament contribute to?
Definition
helps hold eye in place on either side
-fascia and muscles contribute to this.
Term
What is the external ear for?
Definition
collection of sound.
-ceruminous glands here in the external auditory canal
Term
What window is the stapedes connected to in the ear? malleus attachment?
Definition
oval
tympanic membrane
Term
What does the auditory tube drain into?
Definition
nasopharynx.
Term
if give heavy doses of AB, gentomyocin what happens?
Definition
cause death
Term
What CN innervates the stapedius? TENSOR TYMPANI? (both muscles to ossicles)
Definition
VII
V
Term
What motions do the semicircular canals predict? utricle and saccule?
Definition
-ya, pitch and roll
-linear motion
Term
What is the labyrinth?
Definition
-series of cavities in petrous portion of temporal bone
-divided into three areas
-semicircular canals (equilibirum receptors)
-vestibule (equlibrium receptors)
-cochlea (hearing receptors)
-lined with perilymph (similar to CSF)
-surrounds membranous labyrinth (surrounded by bony labyrinth)
Term
What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?
Definition
-sphenomandibular ligament
-medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
-maxillary artery
-CN V
-Branches of facial nerve CN VII
-Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Term
What do parotid glands secerte? what is this innervation? what process does this start?
Definition
-amylase
-CN IX
-Digestion
Term
What is the biggest branch of the external carotid?
Definition
maxillary artery
Term
What are some examples of intracranial hemorrhages?
Definition
-extradural
-subdural
-subarachnoid
Term
What are the causes of an extradural hemorrhage?
Definition
tearing of branches of middle meningeal artery
-typical is blow to the head
-pt has a lucid interval and temp loss of consciousness
Term
What are the causes of the subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Definition
ruptured intracerebral aneurysm
Term
What are general causes of intracerebral hemorrhages?
Definition
primary aneurysm, hypertension, and bleeding after cerebral infarction
Term
What does the Glasgow coma scale measure?
What is the difference bw decorticate and deceberate posture?
Definition
alert patients and those in coma. (0-15, 0 is death)
-arms flexed up
-arms extended back (pt is getting worse)
Term
What are the 3 treatments of head injury?
Definition
-prevent swelling
-IV corticosteroids
-surgical removal
Term
What are the compartments of the neck?
Definition
vertebral compartment
visceral compartment
-thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, resp and digestive tracts.
vascular compartment
-blood vessels and vagus nerve
Term
What are the contents of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Definition
Sternocleidomastoid muscle, inferior border of the mandible and midline of the neck
-strap muscles
Term
What is found on the posterior triangle of the neck?
Definition
Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle,
anterior border of the trapezius
middle 1/3 of the clavicle
Term
What are key features located at CIII & IV?
Definition
-thyroid cartilage
-bifurcation point of carotids to internal and external carotid arteries
Term
What are the key features of CV & CVI?
Definition
-lower limit of pharynx and larnynx
-superior limit of trachea and esophagus
Term
What parasympathetic fibers in the head are carried out of the brain via what CNs?
Definition
-III, VII, IX, X
Term
Which preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are distributed with trigeminal nerve?
Definition
oculomotor, glossopharyngeal, and facial
Term
What constitutes the cervical plexus, and what do they innervate?
Definition
C1-4
-STRAP MUSCLES
-diaphragm
-skin on anterior and lateral parts of neck
-skin on upper ant. thoracic wall
-skin on inferior parts of the head.
Term
How can the lower airway be accessed? digestive tract?
Definition
-through oral cavity by intubation
-through nasal cavity by a feeding tube
Term
What are valves that prevent food and liquid from entering lower part of resp tract?
Definition
epiglottis and soft palate
Term
What can babies do all at the same time? why?
Definition
-can suckle, swallow and breathe.
-larynx is higher in their neck
Term
What is the platysma?
Definition
superficial fascua thin sheet of muscle
-grimacing muscle.
Term
What are the 4 layers of deep cervical fascia?
Definition
investing
prevertebral
pretracheal
carotid sheaths
Term
What does the investing layer surround?
Definition
all structures in neck
Term
What does the prevertebral layer surround?
Definition
vert column and deep muscles of back
Term
What does the pretracheal layer enclose?
Definition
viscera of neck
Term
what do the carotid sheaths surround?
Definition
-2 major neurovascular bundles on either side of neck
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