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Anatomy- skull
Skull anatomy
71
Anatomy
Professional
04/01/2010

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Term
Foramen Ovale transmits
Definition
mandible branch of trigimeal nerve
Term
Foramen Spinosum transmits
Definition
entry point for Middle Meniginal Artery
Term
Most of the dura of the brain supplied by
Definition
Middle Meniginal Artery
Term
Carotid Canal transmits
Definition
opening for internal carotid artery, into cavernous sinus
Term
Stylomastoid Foramen transmits
Definition
exit for facial nerve after it sheds all branches except for motor fibers for facial expression
Term
Jugular Foramen transmits
Definition

Three cranial nerves- vagus, glosspharyngeal, accessory

Internal Jugular Vein

Term
Articulates with Atlas, allows up and down movement of skull, "yes" bone
Definition
Occipital Condyle
Term
Calbaria
Definition
film like structure that sits over brain
Term
Cibiform plate transmits
Definition
Olfactroy nerves
Term
Crista Galli
Definition
major attachment point for dura
Term
Foramen Rotundum transmits
Definition
maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
Term
Optic Canal transmits
Definition
Optic nerve and opthalimic artery (branch of internal carotid a)
Term
What pituitary fossa sits on
Definition
pituitary (hypophyseal) fossa
Term
Superior Orbital Fissure
Definition
Occulomotor nerve, forth(Trochlear) and sixth (Accessory) cranial nerves
Term
Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone
Definition
Contain inner ear, antivibratory mechanism
Term
Internal Acoustic Meatus transmits
Definition
Facial nerve, statoaustic nerve, Geniculate ganglion
Term
Transverse Sinus drains into
Definition
the Sigmoid sinus
Term
Where the brainstem sits
Definition
Clivis
Term
Allows surgeons to reach pituitary through mouth
Definition
Sphenoid
Term
Maxillae is part of what bone
Definition
Palatine Bone
Term
Anterior Fossa contains
Definition

Frontal lobes of brain

Olfactory bulbs

Term
Middle Fossa contains:
Definition

temporal lobes of brain, hippocampus

(short term memory, and turning short term into long term)

Term
Posterior Fossa contains
Definition

brain stem and cerebellum

(coordination, repeated motions)

Term
Oculomotor- CN III
Definition
Motor- cilary muscles, sphincter of pupil, all extrinsic muscles of eye except for superior oblique and lateral rectus
Term
Trochlear CN IV
Definition
Motor- superior oblique muscle of eye
Term
Abducent- CN VI
Definition
Motor- lateral rectus muscle of eye
Term
Trigeminal nerve- CN V
Definition

Sensory- face, sinuses, teeth

Motor- muscles of mastication

Term
Hypogloassal- CN XII
Definition
Motor- all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (excluding palatoglossus- a palatine muscle)
Term
Spinal Accessory- CN XI
Definition
Motor- sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Term
Vagus- CN X
Definition

Motor- palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, heart, GI tract to left colic flexure

Sensory- pharynx, larynx, reflex sensory from trachiobronchial tree, lungs, heart, GI tract to left colic flexure

Term
Glossopharyngeal- CN IX
Definition

Motor- stylopharyngeus, parotid gland

Sensory- taste, posterior third of tongue, general sensation, pharynx, tonsilar sinus, pharyngotympanic tube, middle ear cavity

Term
Vestibulocochlear- CN VIII
Definition

Vestibular nerve- sensory- orientation, motion

Cochlear nerve- sensory- hearing

Term

Facial- CN VII

Intermediate nerve

Definition

Motor- submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal glands

Sensory- taste to anterior two thirds of tongue, soft palate

Term

Facial- CN VII

Primary root

Definition
Motor- muscles of facial expression
Term

Olfactory- CN I

 

Definition
Sensory- smell
Term
Optic- CN II
Definition
Sensory- vision
Term
Anosmia
Definition
loss of sense of smell- damaged CN I
Term
Ageusia
Definition
loss of sense of taste- damaged CNI
Term
Dysageusia
Definition
altered sense of taste- damaged CNI
Term
Parosmia
Definition
Altered perception of odors- damaged CNI
Term
Test CNII by
Definition

Visual acuity- snellen chart

Visual field- confrontation visual field examination

Term
Right or left homonymous hemianopsia
Definition

loss of one-half of visual field in both eyes

CN II defect- section of right or left optic tract (right section leads to left homonymous hemianopsia)

Term
bitermporal hemianopsia
Definition

tunnel vision

loss of temporal visual fields in both eyes

CNII defect- section of optic chiasm

Term
Primary optic atrophy
Definition

optic nerve injury

tumor compression

demyelination

Term
Secondary Optic Atrophy
Definition

Intracranial pressure

infarction

Term
Test Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI by
Definition
asking patient to follow finger movements with fixed head
Term
Ptosis caused by
Definition

(dropping of upper eyelid)

damage to CN III

Term
Lateral strabismus due to
Definition
unopposed lateral rectus muscle due to CN III damage
Term
Mydriasis due to
Definition

(dialation of pupil to unopposed dilator pupillae m)

due to damaged CN III

Term
Diplopia due to
Definition

(double vision)

due to damaged CNIII

Term
Loss of accommodation due to:
Definition

(inability to focus on close objects)

due to paralysis of ciliary m- CN III

Term
Proptosis due to:
Definition
bug-eyed due, damaged cranial nerve III
Term
Ipsilateral eye higher than contralteral eye due to
Definition
damage to trochlear nerve
Term
Affected eye cannot be rotated downwards when it is rotated inwards- due to
Definition
damaged troclear nerve
Term
Medial strabismus
Definition
due to unopposed medial rectus m from damage to abducent nerve
Term
Divisions of Trigeminal (CN V) nerve
Definition

Opthalmic (V1)

Maxillary (V2)

Mandibular (V3)

Term
Divisions of Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
Definition

Supraorbital

Supratrochlear

Short and Long Ciliary Nerves

Ethmoidal nerves

Lacrimal Nerve

Frontal N

Nasocilary N

Term
Long ciliary nerves function
Definition

sensory to cornea

Motor- to dilator pupillae m of iris

Term
Short ciliary nerves function
Definition

Sensory to choroid, iris and cornea

Motor- to sphincter pupillae and ciliary mm and ciliary process

Term
Maxillary nerve (division of trigeminal n) divisions
Definition

Meningeal branch

Ganglionic branches

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Superior alvealar nerves, posterior, middle and anterior

Zygomatic n

communicating br of Zygomatic n to lacrima nerve

Infraorbital n

Term
Infraorbital nerve function
Definition
sensory to skin and conjunctiva of lower eyelid, side of nose, and cheek
Term
Branches of Mandibular nerve
Definition

Auriculotemporal

Meningeal branch

Inferior Alveolar

Lingual

Buccal

Mental

Nerves to lat and med pterygoid mm

Deep temporal

Term
Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve passes through:
Definition
the foramen spinosum
Term
Auriculotemporal nerve function
Definition
sensory to pinna, external auditory meatus, TMJ, temporal region- conveys secretmotor fibers from otic ganglion to parotid gland
Term
how to test CN V
Definition

-pain and temp in 3 territories

-corneal reflex

-clenched teeth

-move jaw side to side

-jaw jerk reflex

-

Term
How to test CN VIII
Definition

Auditory- Rinne and Weber tests

-Vestibular testing- nystagmus test using cold/warm calori test and Barany chair

Term
Accessory nerve exits
Definition
from the jugular foramen (along with CN IX, CN X and internal jugular v)
Term
Hypoglossal nerve exits from
Definition
hypoglossal canal
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