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Anatomy: Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Flashcards
25
Anatomy
Not Applicable
05/28/2014

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Cards

Term

 

 

 

Axial Skeleton

Definition

 

126 Bones

Bones of skull, thorax, and vertebral column

Form longitudinal axis of body

Term

 

 

Appendicular Skeleton

Definition

 

Bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton

Term

 

 

Functions of the Skeletal System

Definition

 

 

Support, Storage of Minerals, Blood Cell Production, Protection, and Leverage

Term

 

 

6 Categories of Bones

Definition

 

 

Flat, Sutural, Long, Irregular, Sesamoid, and Short

Term

 

 

Flat Bones

Definition

 

 

Thin, roughly parallel surfaces

Examples: cranial bones, sternum

Term

 

 

Sutural Bones

Definition

 

Aka Wormian Bones

Irregular bones formed between cranial bones

Number, size, and shape vary

Term

 

 

Long Bones

Definition

 

 

Relatively long and slender

Examples: various bones of the limbs

Term

 

 

Irregular Bones

Definition

 

 

Complex shapes

Examples: vertebrae, bones of pelvis, facial bones

Term

 

 

Sesamoid Bones

Definition

 

 

Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like sesame seed

Develop in tendons of knee, hands, and feet

Term

 

 

Short Bones

Definition

 

 

Small and boxy

Examples: bones of the wrist (carpals) and ankles (tarsals)

Term

 

 

Skull Surface Features

Definition

 

 

Canal or Meatus, Process, Sinus, Foramen, and Fissure

Term

 

 

Humerus Surface Features

Definition

 

 

Head, Tubercle, Sulcus, Tuberosity, Diaphysis, Trochlea, and Condyle

Term

 

 

Femur Surface Features

Definition

 

 

Trochanter, Head, Neck, Diaphysis, Facet, and Condyle

Term

 

 

Pelvis Surface Features

Definition

 

 

Crest, Fossa, Line, Spine, and Ramus

Term

 

 

4 Bone Cell Types

Definition

 

Osteocytes

Osteoblasts

Osteoprogenitor

Osteoclasts

Term

 

 

Marfan Syndrome

Definition

 

1. Excessive cartilage formation at epiphyseal cartilage

2. Causes long, slender limbs

3. Other connective tissue abnormalities cause cardiovascular issues

Term

 

 

Gigantism

Definition

 

 

Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty

Term

 

 

Factors That Increase Blood Calcium Levels

Definition

 

1. Parathyroid Hormone (from parathyroid glands)

2. Calcitonin from thyroid gland C cells

Term

 

 

Fracture

Definition

 

1. Crack or break due to extreme mechanical stress

2. Most heal as long as blood supply and cellular parts of periosteum and endosteum survive

Term

 

 

Steps of Fracture Repair

Definition

 

1. Large Blood Clot Develops

2. Calluses Form

3. Calluses Replaced and Dead Bone Removed

4. Remodeling of Healed Bone

Term

 

 

Types of Fractures

Definition

1. Closed or Simple

2. Open or Compound

3. Transverse

4. Spiral

5. Displaced

6. Compression

7. Greenstick

8. Comminuted

9. Epiphyseal

10. Pott

11. Colles

Term

 

 

Closed or Simple Fractures

Definition

 

 

Completely internal

Only seen on X-rays

Term

 

 

Open or Compound Fractures

Definition

 

Project through skin

More dangerous due to infection and uncontrolled bleeding

Term

 

 

Transverse Fractures

Definition

 

 

Break shaft across long axis 

Term

 

 

Spiral Fractures

Definition

 

 

Produced by twisting stresses

Spread along length of bone

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