Term
| Located on the posterior aspect of the occipital bone of the skull? |
|
Definition
| External Occipital Protuberance |
|
|
Term
| Midline of Neck and Back? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First vertebral spine palpable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vertebral Furrow is deepest where? |
|
Definition
| Thoracic and lumbar regions |
|
|
Term
| Vertebral Furrow ends where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bi-lateral from the superior part of the sacrum is the _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The highest point of the iliac crest is at what vertebral level? |
|
Definition
| L4 (Used as a surface reference for lumbar punctures) |
|
|
Term
| The lateral most aspect of the shoulder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The acromion articulates with the ______. |
|
Definition
| Lateral end of the clavicle |
|
|
Term
| The acromion continues postero-medially as the ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spine of the scapula is at what vertebral level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inferior angle of the scapula is at what vertebral level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up the posterior axillary fold? |
|
Definition
| Lower border of the Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous Nerves to the skin of the back are branches of the _____________. |
|
Definition
| Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| # of pairs of spinal nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The superficial group of muscles is composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The superficial group functionally contributes to the ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles of the back cover most of the surface? |
|
Definition
| Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| External Occipital Protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and C7-T12 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lateral end of clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine |
|
|
Term
| What artery and nerve lie deep to the lateral portion of the Trapezius? |
|
Definition
| Transverse Cervical Artery (& Vein) and Subtrapezial Nerve Plexus |
|
|
Term
| Subtrapezial Nerve Plexus is formed by ___. |
|
Definition
| Accessory Nerve (CN XI) and the 3rd and 4th cervical spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| Latissimus Dorsi is (superficial/deep) to Trapezius? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the borders of the Triangle of Ascultation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does Latissimus Dorsi cross the Scapula? |
|
Definition
| At the inferior angle of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| The Latissimus Dorsi muscle fibers interdigitate with those of _________. |
|
Definition
| External Abdominal Oblique and Serratus Anterior Muscles |
|
|
Term
| What muscle does the lateral and superior border of the Latissimus Dorsi wrap around? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major form together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Latissimus Dorsi: origin, blood supply, and insertion |
|
Definition
| Thoracodorsal Nerve (Posterior Cord of Brachial Plexus), Thoracodorsal Artery (Branch of Subscapular Artery III), Intertubercular Groove of humerus |
|
|
Term
| Insertion: Serratus Anterior |
|
Definition
| Ventral surface of the medial border of the Scapula |
|
|
Term
| Action: Serratus Anterior |
|
Definition
| Holds scapula against posterior chest wall and rotates the scapula superiorly |
|
|
Term
| Innervation: Serratus Anterior |
|
Definition
| Long Thoracic Nerve (C5, C6, C7) |
|
|
Term
| Clinical: Paralysis of Long Thoracic Nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consists of what muscles? |
|
Definition
| Posterior Superior Serratus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Posterior Inferior Serratus |
|
|
Term
| Function of Middle Group of Back Muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of the Deep Group of Muscles? |
|
Definition
| Direct movement of the vertebral column and skull |
|
|
Term
| Innervation for Deep Group? |
|
Definition
| Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| Innervation for the superficial and middle groups? |
|
Definition
| Ventral rami of the spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| Three parts of Erector Spinae Muscle (Medial to Lateral) |
|
Definition
| Spinalis, Longissimus, and Iliocostalis |
|
|
Term
| Action: Erector Spinae Muscle |
|
Definition
| Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the intervertebral disc? |
|
Definition
| Anulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus |
|
|
Term
| # of Vertebrae: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
|
Definition
| 7 Cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccyx |
|
|
Term
| What connects the inner surface of the laminae of adjacent vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is located in the epidural space? |
|
Definition
| Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus and Epidural fat |
|
|
Term
| What is significant about the Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus concerning the spread of cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 meningeal layers covering the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
| Dura Mater, Arachnoid Membrane, and Pia Mater |
|
|
Term
| The Dura Mater extends from where to where? |
|
Definition
| The base of the skull to S2 |
|
|
Term
| What does the Dura Mater form at S2? |
|
Definition
| Filum Terminale Externum (Coccygeal Ligament) |
|
|
Term
| What cannot be separated from the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What joins to form a spinal nerve? |
|
Definition
| Dorsal and Ventral Roots of the Spinal Cord |
|
|
Term
| What occurs on the dorsal root at approximately the vertebral foreman? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a lateral extension of the Pia Mater? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Denticulate ligaments extend between what? |
|
Definition
| Ventral and Dorsal Roots of the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Denticulate Ligaments? |
|
Definition
| It anchors the Dura Mater between the exits of the ventral and dorsal roots from the dural sac to help stabilize the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| How far inferior does the spinal cord extend? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the spinal cord enlarge? Why? |
|
Definition
| Cervical and Lumbar Enlargements (many nerves that supply the upper and lower limbs) |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure called where the spinal cord tapers off at L2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What extends from the inferior tip of the conus medullaris? What is it an extension of? |
|
Definition
| Filum Terminale Internum (Pia Mater) |
|
|
Term
| What surrounds the filum terminale internum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cauda equina? |
|
Definition
| Massive collection of ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal nerves and filum terminale within the inferior part of the dural sac |
|
|
Term
| What lines the posterior (anterior) surface of the vertebral bodies? Function? |
|
Definition
| Posterior (Anterior) Longitudinal Ligament (Prevents hyperflexion (hyperextension) of the vertebral column) |
|
|
Term
| Muscles of the Scapular Region? |
|
Definition
| Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Teres Major, and Subscapularis |
|
|
Term
| What nerves enter the skin at the posterior border of the Deltoid? |
|
Definition
| Branches of the superior lateral brachial Cutaneous nerve |
|
|
Term
| What are the borders of the Quadrangular Space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is located in the Quadrangular Space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the borders of the Triangular Space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is located in the Triangular Space? |
|
Definition
| Circumflex Scapular Artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sup. Facet of Greater Tubercle of Humerus |
|
|
Term
| What crosses the suprascapular notch? |
|
Definition
| Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament |
|
|
Term
| What courses superiorly to the above-mentioned ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What courses inferiorly to the above-mentioned ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suprascapular Nerve innervates? |
|
Definition
| Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Muscles |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the Rotator Cuff? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The entire mammary gland is superficial to what? |
|
Definition
| The deep fascia of the Pectoralis Major Muscle |
|
|
Term
| What veins are located at the lateral and medial aspects of the arm, respectively? |
|
Definition
| Cephalic and Basilic Veins |
|
|
Term
| Where do the Cephalic and Basilic Veins originate? |
|
Definition
| Lateral and medial sides of the dorsal venous arch, respectively, on the posterior of the hand |
|
|
Term
| Describe the path and termination of the Cephalic Vein. |
|
Definition
| Anterior surface of the forearm and arm |
|
|
Term
| What forms the axillary vein? |
|
Definition
| 2 brachial veins and the Basilic Vein |
|
|
Term
| What connects the Basilic and Cephalic Veins? Significance? |
|
Definition
| Median Cubittal Vein (Phlebotomy) |
|
|
Term
| What forms the anterior axillary fold? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does Pec. Major insert? |
|
Definition
| Crest of Greater Tubercle |
|
|
Term
| What passes through the costocoracoid membrane of the clavipectoral fascia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These 3 structures pass through the costocoracoid membrane in what relation to Pec. Minor? |
|
Definition
| Medial to Pectoralis Minor |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the Thoracoacromial Artery Trunk? |
|
Definition
| A branch of the 2nd part of the Axillary Artery |
|
|
Term
| What are the branches of the Thoracoacromial Artery Trunk? |
|
Definition
| Pectoral Branch (largest) |
|
|
Term
| What does the clavicular branch supply? |
|
Definition
| Subclavius M. and the sternoclavicular Joint |
|
|
Term
| What encloses pectoralis minor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the clavipectoral fascia located? |
|
Definition
| Between the clavicle to the axillary fascia |
|
|
Term
| What is the costocoracoid membrane? |
|
Definition
| The clavipectoral fascia between the clavicle and pectoralis minor |
|
|
Term
| What is the Suspensory Ligament of the Axilla? |
|
Definition
| The clavipectoral fascia located inferior to Pec. Minor and extending to the axillary fascia |
|
|
Term
| Where does Pectoralis Minor insert? |
|
Definition
| Coracoid Process of the Scapula |
|
|
Term
| What pierces Pectoralis Minor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is Pectoralis Minor an important landmark? |
|
Definition
| Its position divides the Axillary Artery into 3 parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Axillary Vein Borders (Becomes) |
|
Definition
| Lateral border of Teres Major |
|
|
Term
| What is the main source of blood to the shoulder and upper limb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lateral border of first rib |
|
|
Term
| What divides the Axillary Artery into 3 parts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the location of the divisions? |
|
Definition
| 1st Part: Medial to Pectoralis Minor |
|
|
Term
| What branches from the 1st part of the Axillary Artery? Supplies? |
|
Definition
| 1 Superior Thoracic Artery |
|
|
Term
| What branches from the 2nd part of the Axillary Artery? |
|
Definition
| 2 Thoracoacromial Artery Trunk |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Lateral Thoracic Artery? |
|
Definition
| Courses on the surface of Serratus Anterior to supply structures of the chest wall |
|
|
Term
| What courses with the Lateral Thoracic Artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What branches from the 3rd part of the Axillary Artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What branches from the Subscapular Artery? |
|
Definition
| Circumflex Scapular Artery |
|
|
Term
| What provides collateral circulation with the Circumflex Scapular Artery? |
|
Definition
| Suprascapular Artery (Subclavian Artery) |
|
|
Term
| What does the Circumflex Scapular Artery pass through? Does it course with any other structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main blood supply to Latissimus Dorsi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What courses with the Thoracodorsal Artery? |
|
Definition
| Thoracodorsal Nerve (Posterior Cord on BP) |
|
|
Term
| What does the Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery pass through? Does it course with any other structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the Humerus does the Anterior and Posterior Circumflex Humeral Arteries surround? |
|
Definition
| Surgical Neck of the Humerus |
|
|
Term
| Which Humeral Circumflex Artery is larger? |
|
Definition
| Posterior Humeral Circumflex |
|
|
Term
| What does the Axillary artery become at the lateral border of Teres Major? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 5 parts of the Brachial Plexus? |
|
Definition
| Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches |
|
|
Term
| The roots of the Brachial Plexus are made up of ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the Brachial Plexus is superior to the clavicle? |
|
Definition
| Ventral Rami, Roots, and the 3 Trunks |
|
|
Term
| What part of the Brachial Plexus is deep to the clavicle? |
|
Definition
| The 3 anterior and 3 posterior Divisions |
|
|
Term
| What parts of the Brachial Plexus is inferior to the clavicle? |
|
Definition
| 3 Cords and the Terminal Branches |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of anterior and posterior Divisions of the Brachial Plexus? |
|
Definition
| They represent the separation of nerve fibers that innervate the ventral and dorsal muscle masses of the limb |
|
|
Term
| What are the Cords of the Brachial Plexus? |
|
Definition
| Lateral, Posterior, Anterior |
|
|
Term
| What are the Cord names in reference to? |
|
Definition
| Their relationship to the 2nd part of the Axillary Artery (Deep to Pec. Minor) |
|
|
Term
| What forms the posterior cord? |
|
Definition
| The junction of 3 posterior Divisions |
|
|
Term
| The posterior cord contributes to the innervation of what? |
|
Definition
| The dorsal (extensor) surface of the limb and shoulder |
|
|
Term
| What forms the lateral cord? |
|
Definition
| Anterior Divisions of the Superior and Middle Trunks |
|
|
Term
| What forms the medial cord? |
|
Definition
| The anterior Division of the inferior trunk |
|
|
Term
| What do the lateral and medial cords innervate? |
|
Definition
| Muscles on the ventral (flexor) surface of the limb and anterior chest wall |
|
|
Term
| The cords of the Brachial Plexus should be found deep to what muscle? |
|
Definition
| Pectoralis Minor (2nd part of the Axillary Artery) |
|
|
Term
| What nerve branches off the lateral cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Lateral Pectoral Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Passes Medial to Pectoralis Minor |
|
|
Term
| What nerves branch off the medial cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the medial pectoral nerve? |
|
Definition
| Passes between the Axillary Artery and Axillary Vein |
|
|
Term
| What courses with the Basilic Vein? |
|
Definition
| Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve |
|
|
Term
| To what nerves does the medial cord contribute? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What contributes to the formation of the Median Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Lateral Cord and Medial Cord |
|
|
Term
| Initially, where is the Median Nerve located? |
|
Definition
| On the anterolateral side of the Axillary Artery |
|
|
Term
| What contributes to the formation of the Musculocutaneous Nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Musculocutaneous Nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
| Ventral side of the arm and lateral skin of the forearm? |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Musculocutaneous Nerve as it enters the arm? |
|
Definition
| It penetrates the Coracobrachialis Muscle |
|
|
Term
| What nerves branch off from the posterior cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates Subscapularis Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Upper and Lower Subcapular Nerves |
|
|
Term
| What innervates Teres Major? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What courses with the Thoracodorsal Nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forms the Axillary Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Posterior cord splits to form the Axillary Nerve(C5, C6) and the Radial Nerve(C5, C6, C7, C8, T1) |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Axillary Nerve? (Relate to Subscapularis) |
|
Definition
| Passes inferior to Subscapularis |
|
|
Term
| What does the Axillary Nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What passes through the Quadrangular Space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cutaneous nerves does the Axillary Nerve provide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What form the Radial Nerve? |
|
Definition
| The split of the posterior cord into Radial Nerve and Axillary Nerve |
|
|
Term
| What in general does the Radial Nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
| The dorsal muscle mass and skin of the arm and forearm |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Musculocutaneous nerve in relation to the Axillary Artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerves are medial to the Axillary Artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the initial path of the Radial Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Posterior to the Axillary Artery |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 groups of axillary lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does these 5 groups receive? |
|
Definition
| Afferent lymphatic vessels from the upper limb, shoulder, and mammary gland |
|
|
Term
| What group is mainly responsible for draining lymph from the mammary gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collectively, these 5 groups form what? |
|
Definition
| Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk drain? |
|
Definition
| Right: Junction of the Right Subclavian and Internal Jugular veins |
|
|
Term
| What boundary is the Serratus Anterior in the axilla? |
|
Definition
| Medial Wall of the Axilla |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the Serratus Anterior Muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Serratus Anterior insert? |
|
Definition
| The costal surface of the entire medial border of the Scapula |
|
|
Term
| What innervates Serratus Anterior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of Serratus Anterior? |
|
Definition
| Holds scapula against thoracic wall |
|
|
Term
| What occurs if the Serratus Anterior or Long Thoracic Nerve is damaged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forms the posterior wall of the axilla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates Subscapularis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stabilizes the Humerus in the glenoid cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up the Rotator Cuff? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What compartments of the arm exist? |
|
Definition
| Anterior Flexor Compartment |
|
|
Term
| What separates these compartments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What supports and maintains the structure of the arm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Brachial Fascia form on the lateral and medial aspects of the arm? |
|
Definition
| Lateral and Medial Intermuscular Septa |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are located in the Anterior Flexor Compartment of the arm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Biceps Brachii originate? |
|
Definition
| Short Head: Coracoid Process |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Biceps Brachii insert? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Bicipital Aponeurosis? |
|
Definition
| Superficial, medially directed aponeurotic extension from the medial side of the Biceps Brachii Tendon |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Bicipital Aponeurosis? |
|
Definition
| Protective covering for the Median Nerve and Brachial Artery in the Cubital Fossa |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Brachialis Muscle located? |
|
Definition
| Deep to the inferior half of the Biceps Brachii |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Brachialis Muscle originate? |
|
Definition
| Ventral surface of the inferior Humerus |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Brachialis Muscle insert? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the location of the Coracobrachialis? (In Relation to the Biceps Brachii) |
|
Definition
| Medial and parallel to the short head of the Biceps Brachii |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin and insertion of the Coracobrachialis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the course of the Musculocutaneous Nerve through the arm? |
|
Definition
| Pierces the Coracobrachialis Muscle |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Musculocutaneous nerve emerge from the arm? |
|
Definition
| Laterally from between the Brachialis Muscle and the Biceps Brachii |
|
|
Term
| After emerging in the inferior part of the arm, what does the Musculocutaneous Nerve become? |
|
Definition
| Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve |
|
|
Term
| What does the previous nerve supply? |
|
Definition
| Cutaneous innervation to the skin of the lateral forearm (GSE, GVE, GVA) |
|
|
Term
| What supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial aspect of the forearm? |
|
Definition
| Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve |
|
|
Term
| Where is the origin of the Brachial Artery? |
|
Definition
| Originates from the inferior border of Teres Major as a continuation of the Axillary Artery |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Brachial Artery course? |
|
Definition
| Anterior Compartment of the arm |
|
|
Term
| What forms the Neurovascular compartment of the arm? |
|
Definition
| Splitting of the medial intermuscular septum |
|
|
Term
| Initially what is the position of the Median Nerve and Ulnar Nerve in relation to the Brachial Artery? |
|
Definition
| Median Nerve: Lateral to Brachial Artery |
|
|
Term
| During their course through the arm, what is the relationship between the Median Nerve and Brachial Artery? |
|
Definition
| The Median Nerve passes from the lateral side of the Brachial Artery ventrally across to the medial side of the Brachial Artery |
|
|
Term
| What accompanies the Brachial Artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do these veins terminate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main branches of the Brachial Artery (superior to inferior)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Deep Brachial Artery arises just inferior to what muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the course of the Deep Brachial Artery? |
|
Definition
| Medial to the Humerus, it enters the posterior compartment of the arm in the Radial Groove of the Humerus |
|
|
Term
| What enters the Radial Groove with the Deep Brachial Artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What arises from the Brachial Artery just inferior to the Deep Brachial Artery? |
|
Definition
| Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery |
|
|
Term
| What courses with the Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery and Ulnar Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Penetrates the intermuscular septum to enter the posterior compartment of the arm |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery originate? |
|
Definition
| From the Brachial Artery just superior to the medial epicondyle |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery? |
|
Definition
| It passes anterior to the medial epicondyle of the Humerus |
|
|
Term
| What is significant about the Deep Brachial Artery, Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery, and the Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery? |
|
Definition
| Collateral Circulation for the Brachial Artery around the elbow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery |
|
Definition
| Posterior Ulnar Recurrent Artery |
|
|
Term
| Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery |
|
Definition
| Anterior Ulnar Recurrent Artery |
|
|
Term
| Do the Median Nerve and Ulnar Nerve provide innervation within the arm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the Triceps Brachii? |
|
Definition
| Long Head: Infraglenoid Tubercle |
|
|
Term
| What is located deep to the Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates Triceps Brachii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What regions does the Radial nerve provide cutaneous innervation to the skin? |
|
Definition
| Posterior Brachial Cutaneous Branches |
|
|
Term
| In the lower 3rd of the arm, what is the path of the Radial Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Pierces lateral intermuscular septum just superior to lateral epicondyle |
|
|
Term
| When the Radial Nerve moves across the lateral epicondyle, what is its relationship to neighboring muscles? |
|
Definition
| As it passes anterior to the lateral epicondyle, the Radial Nerve is between the Brachialis Muscle and the Brachioradialis Muscle |
|
|
Term
| What muscles do the Radial Nerve innervate at the lateral epicondyle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forms an arterial branch that contributes to collateral circulation between the axillary and brachial arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What courses with the Radial Nerve anterior to the lateral epicondyle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Cubital Fossa? |
|
Definition
| The triangular region on the ventral side of the elbow that contains most of the vessels and nerves that pass between the arm and the forearm |
|
|
Term
| Is the Ulnar Nerve in the Cubital Fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What significant vein is superficial to the Cubital Fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve is deep to the lateral boundary of the Cubital Fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Radial Nerve divide into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Superficial Radial Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Passes superficial to the Supinator Muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is the initial path of the Deep Radial Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Penetrates the Supinator Muscle |
|
|
Term
| Lateral to Medial, what structures are found in the Cubital Fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the apex of the Cubital Fossa, what does the Brachial Artery divide into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Biceps Brachii insert? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Brachialis Muscle insert? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What connects the Ulna and Radius of the forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the superficial muscles of the extensor compartment of the forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are innervated by the Radial Nerve before its division? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle? When? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are innervated by the Deep Radial Nerve distal to it penetration of the Supinator Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Extensor Digitorum Muscle |
|
|
Term
| Which muscle’s tendon does not cross the carpal bones to the dorsum of the hand in the superficial extensor group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Brachioradialis Muscle insert? |
|
Definition
| Styloid Process of the Radius |
|
|
Term
| What muscles make up the deep extensor muscle compartment of the forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Supinator Muscle insert in relation to the Pronator Teres Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Anterior surface of the radius proximal to the insertion of Pronator Teres |
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the Supinator Muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the remaining four muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 3 pollicis muscles cross what tendons to get to the thumb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do the pollicis muscles cross deep or superficial to the tendons mentioned above? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tendon of Extensor Indicis effects what digit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What binds the tendons of the superficial and deep muscles to the carpal bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What covers the tendons as they pass deep to the extensor retinaculum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerves and vessels course together as they descend the forearm? |
|
Definition
| (Distal to the Supinator) |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the Posterior Interosseous Artery? |
|
Definition
| Common Interosseous Artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the Common Interosseous Artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the Anatomical Snuff Box? |
|
Definition
| Lateral Abductor Pollicis Longus |
|
|
Term
| What passes through the floor of the snuff box? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Radial Artery go from the after it passes through the anatomical snuff box? |
|
Definition
| To the 1st Interosseous space on the dorsum of the hand, where it pierces the first dorsal Interosseous muscle and enters the deep palm |
|
|
Term
| What does the Radial Artery contribute to after it pierces the 1st dorsal Interosseous muscle and enters the deep palm? |
|
Definition
| Deep Palmar Arterial Arch |
|
|
Term
| What contributes to the Dorsal Carpal Arterial Arch? |
|
Definition
| Dorsal Carpal Branch of the Radial Artery |
|
|
Term
| Is the Dorsal Carpal Arch superficial or deep to extensor tendons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name from lateral to medial the superficial Muscles of the Flexor Compartment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of these muscles, which do not have tendons that cross the wrist into the hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates all these muscles with one exception? Exception? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the deep muscles in the flexor compartment of the forearm? |
|
Definition
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle |
|
|
Term
| What innervates Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle and Pronator Quadratus Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Anterior Interosseous Nerve |
|
|
Term
| What innervates Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Lateral ½: Anterior Interosseous Nerve |
|
|
Term
| What accompanies the Superficial Radial Nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Superficial Radial Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Courses between the Brachioradialis and the Supinator |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the Radial Artery? |
|
Definition
| The Brachial Artery bifurcates at the apex of the Cubital Fossa into the Radial and Ulnar Nerves |
|
|
Term
| What is the 1st branch of the Radial Artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Radial Recurrent Artery? |
|
Definition
| Ascends ventral to the lateral epicondyle deep to the Brachioradialis (with Radial Nerve) |
|
|
Term
| What is the Radial Artery’s position to the Superficial Radial Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Radial Artery is Medial to Nerve |
|
|
Term
| What is the course of the Radial Artery in the lower 1/3 of the forearm and hand? |
|
Definition
| Passes laterally through the snuff box onto the dorsal surface of the hand |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Ulnar Nerve? |
|
Definition
| After passing posterior to the medial epicondyle, the Ulnar nerve courses between the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle superficially and the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Deeply |
|
|
Term
| What accompanies the Ulnar Nerve and when? |
|
Definition
| Ulnar Artery in the distal 2/3 of the forearm |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship of the Ulnar Artery to the Ulnar Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Ulnar artery is lateral to the Ulnar Nerve |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Nerve provides cutaneous innervation where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the heads of the Pronator Teres Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Superficial (Humeral) Head |
|
|
Term
| What is the course of the Median Nerve in relation to the Pronator Teres Muscle? |
|
Definition
| It leaves the Cubital Fossa by passing between the 2 heads of the Pronator Teres Muscle |
|
|
Term
| What occurs as the Median Nerve passes through Pronator Teres? |
|
Definition
| Branches to create Anterior Interosseous Nerve |
|
|
Term
| What is the course of the Ulnar Nerve in relation to the Pronator Teres Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Ulnar Nerve passes deep to both heads of Pronator Teres |
|
|
Term
| Name the origins of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Ventral Surface of Radius |
|
|
Term
| What is the course of the Median Nerve, Ulnar Artery, and Radial Artery in relation to the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Median Nerve and Ulnar Artery pass deep to the upper free arch of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
|
|
Term
| Continue the course of the Median Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Courses between the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus |
|
|
Term
| What is the course of the Anterior Interosseous Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Joins Anterior Interosseous Vessels of ventral side of Interosseous Membrane |
|
|
Term
| What does the Anterior Interosseous Nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Anterior Interosseous Nerve terminate? |
|
Definition
| Sensory branches from the wrist and radioulnar joints |
|
|
Term
| Path of the Ulnar Artery? |
|
Definition
| Leaves Cubital Fossa deep to both heads of Pronator Teres, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris |
|
|
Term
| What contribution to collateral circulation does the Ulnar Artery provide? |
|
Definition
| Anterior and Posterior Recurrent Arteries |
|
|
Term
| When does the Median Nerve cross the Ulnar Artery? How? |
|
Definition
| Just inferior to Pronator Teres, Median Nerve crosses (medial to lateral) ventral to the Ulnar Artery |
|
|
Term
| What occurs to the Ulnar Artery at the time it is crossed by the Median Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Branches to form Common Interosseous Artery |
|
|
Term
| What branches from the Common Interosseous Artery? Where? |
|
Definition
| Anterior Interosseous Artery |
|
|
Term
| Path and Branches of Posterior Interosseous Artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Path of Anterior Interosseous Artery? |
|
Definition
| Courses with Anterior Interosseous Nerve on ventral surface of Interosseous Membrane |
|
|
Term
| At the wrist, what superficial structures are easily damaged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lateral to Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lateral to Palmaris Longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lateral to Flexor Carpi Radialis |
|
|
Term
| What branches from the Radial Artery before entering the floor of the snuff box? |
|
Definition
| Palmar and Dorsal Carpal Branches |
|
|
Term
| What does the Superficial Palmar Branch contribute to? |
|
Definition
| Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch |
|
|
Term
| What passes deep to the Flexor Retinaculum? |
|
Definition
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Flexor Retinaculum attached? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is covered by the Radial Bursa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is covered by the Ulnar Bursa? |
|
Definition
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
|
|
Term
| What is the most superficial structure passing through the carpal tunnel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Path of Radial Artery related to Flexor Retinaculum? |
|
Definition
| Lateral to flexor retinaculum |
|
|
Term
| Insertion of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Insertion of Flexor Carpi Radialis? |
|
Definition
| Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal |
|
|
Term
| What is deep to the palmar skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of the Palmar Aponeurosis? |
|
Definition
| Covers the central compartments of the palm |
|
|
Term
| What are the muscle compartments of the hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Thenar Compartment located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are located in the Thenar Compartment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What covers the Flexor Pollicis Longus tendon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flexor Retinaculum to Distal Phalanx of thumb |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the Thenar Muscles? |
|
Definition
| The Recurrent Motor Branch of the Median Nerve |
|
|
Term
| What passes through the thenar muscles to contribute to the superficial arterial palmar arch? |
|
Definition
| Superficial Palmar Branch of Radial Artery |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are found in the Hypothenar Compartment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs to the Ulnar Nerve and vessels at the midpoint of the Flexor Retinaculum? |
|
Definition
| They divide into the Superficial and Deep Ulnar Nerve and Vessels |
|
|
Term
| What does the superficial Ulnar Nerve innervate? (Muscular and Cutaneous) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main contributor to the Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch? |
|
Definition
| Superficial Branch of Ulnar Artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the Deep Ulnar Nerve and Vessels? |
|
Definition
| Penetrate between the Abductor Digiti Minimi and the Flexor Digiti Minimi to reach the deeper Abductor-Interosseous Compartment |
|
|
Term
| What does the Recurrent Branch of the Median Nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
| Muscles of the Thenar Compartment |
|
|
Term
| What does the Common Palmar Digital Nerves branching from the Median Nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
| Cutaneous innervation to the lateral 3 and ½ Digits |
|
|
Term
| What muscles in the Central Compartment does the Median Nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
| 2 Lumbrical Muscle on the lateral side |
|
|
Term
| Describe the tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus in the carpal tunnel? |
|
Definition
| The 4 tendons lie deeply in a single row |
|
|
Term
| Describe the 4 tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis in the carpal tunnel? |
|
Definition
| 3rd and 4th digit tendons superficial to |
|
|
Term
| What covers these 8 tendons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many lumbrical muscles are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is significant about there point of origin? |
|
Definition
| The have a moving point of origin from the 4 tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus |
|
|
Term
| Where do the lumbricals insert? |
|
Definition
| The lateral (radial) side of the extensor expansion on the dorsum of digits 2 – 5 |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the lumbrical muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is superficial to the central compartment at the horizontal plane of the extended thumb? |
|
Definition
| Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch |
|
|
Term
| What is the main contributory of the above arch? |
|
Definition
| Superficial Branch of the Ulnar Artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch? |
|
Definition
| Provides common palmar digital arteries |
|
|
Term
| What is a lesser contributor to the arch? |
|
Definition
| Laterally, Superficial Palmar Branch of the Radial Artery |
|
|
Term
| What do the eight tendons enter on the ventral surface of the 2-5 digits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In relationship to Profundus tendons, what is unique about Superficialis tendons near the point of insertion? |
|
Definition
| The tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis split to allow passage of the tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus |
|
|
Term
| What is the deepest compartment in the palm? |
|
Definition
| Interosseous-Adductor Compartment |
|
|
Term
| What is contained in this compartment? |
|
Definition
| Palmar Interosseous Muscles |
|
|
Term
| Name the heads and origins of the Adductor Pollicis Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Oblique Head: Capitate Bone |
|
|
Term
| Insertion of Adductor Pollicis Muscle? |
|
Definition
| Proximal Phalanx of the thumb |
|
|
Term
| Where do the Interosseous Muscles (and Lumbricals) insert? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligaments separate the Lumbrical Muscles and the Interosseous Muscles? |
|
Definition
| Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles are deep to the above ligaments? |
|
Definition
| Interosseous Muscle (Deep compartment) |
|
|
Term
| The extensor expansion is made of what 2 types of bands? Insertion? |
|
Definition
| Central Bands: Middle Phalanx |
|
|
Term
| What is one function common to both the Lumbricals and the Interosseous Muscles? |
|
Definition
| Flex the Metacarpophalangeal joints but extend the Interphanlangeal joints of digits 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| Path of Deep Ulnar Nerve and Artery? |
|
Definition
| Penetrate deep to Hypothenar Compartment and course across the ventral surface of the Interosseous Muscles |
|
|
Term
| What does the Deep Ulnar Nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contributors to Deep Palmar Arterial Arch? |
|
Definition
| Deep Ulnar Artery (medially) |
|
|
Term
| Position of Deep Palmar Arterial Arch? |
|
Definition
| Deep & Proximal to Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Suprasternal Notch? |
|
Definition
| Superior surface of the Manubrium |
|
|
Term
| What is the most superior bone articulation with the Sternum? Joint name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles attach on the superior part of the clavicle and sternum at the Sternoclavicular Joint? Function? |
|
Definition
| Sternocleidomastoid Muscles |
|
|
Term
| What is the ridge called where the Manubrium and Body of Sternum articulate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What articulates with the sternum at the Sternal Angle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why can the 1st rib not be palpated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is at the inferior end of the sternum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is significant about the xyphosternal junction? |
|
Definition
| It is an anterior surface projection of the inferior border of the heart |
|
|
Term
| The nipples are located approximately where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most superficial muscle in the intercostal space? |
|
Definition
| External Intercostal Muscle |
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of these muscles are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extend from where to where? |
|
Definition
| Tubercles of ribs (posteriorly) |
|
|
Term
| What is muscle fiber direction analogy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of External Intercostals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle group is deep to External Intercostals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extend from where to where? |
|
Definition
| Lateral margin of sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 90 Degrees to External Intercostals |
|
|
Term
| What courses on the deep aspect of the chest wall at the lateral margins of the sternum? |
|
Definition
| Internal Thoracic Artery and Vein |
|
|
Term
| What muscle is found on the inner surface of the chest wall and binds the Internal Thoracic vessels against the inner surfaces of the costal cartilage? |
|
Definition
| Transversus Thoracis Muscle |
|
|
Term
| Of the Internal Thoracic Vessels, which is most lateral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the Internal Thoracic Arteries? |
|
Definition
| Right and Left Subclavian Arteries |
|
|
Term
| What does the Internal Thoracic Artery divide into? Where? |
|
Definition
| R and L Superior Epigastric Artery |
|
|
Term
| Path of Superior Epigastric Arteries? |
|
Definition
| Continues vertical course and enters rectus sheath of the abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| Path of Musculophrenic Arteries? |
|
Definition
| Contour of the rib cage giving rise to lower Anterior Intercostal Arteries and branches to the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| Where do the Internal Thoracic Veins drain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transversus Thoracis Muscle origin? Insertion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vessels (how many) are found in the innercostal spaces? |
|
Definition
| Anterior Intercostal Vein(2) |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the Anterior Intercostal Arteries? |
|
Definition
| Upper 5 Spaces: Internal Thoracic Artery |
|
|
Term
| What do these arteries anastamose with? |
|
Definition
| Posterior Intercostal Arteries |
|
|
Term
| This forms collateral circulation between? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What collateral circulation is formed in the venous system? |
|
Definition
| Connect Internal Thoracic and Musculophrenic Veins anteriorly to Azygos system of veins posteriorly |
|
|
Term
| Superior to inferior, what vessels are found in the intercostal space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intercostal nerves provide what innervation? |
|
Definition
| Somatic and motor innervation for the muscles and skin of the chest wall (and abdominal wall for intercostal nerves 7 – 11) |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the mediastinum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are the lungs in the mediastinum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The thoracic cavity communicates to the neck through the ____________? |
|
Definition
| Superior Thoracic Aperture |
|
|
Term
| What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the diaphragm close in the thorax? |
|
Definition
| Inferior Thoracic Aperture |
|
|
Term
| What surrounds each lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of pleura? |
|
Definition
| Inner layer: Visceral Pleura |
|
|
Term
| Are these 2 layers separate? |
|
Definition
| No, they are continuous at the hilum (root) of the lung |
|
|
Term
| Where is the visceral pleura? |
|
Definition
| Directly adherent to the surfaces of the lung |
|
|
Term
| Where is the parietal pleura? |
|
Definition
| Follows the contours of the thoracic wall and lateral boundary of mediastinum |
|
|
Term
| What is contained in the potential space between the two? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the regions of the Parietal Pleura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the superior (apex) of the pleura called? |
|
Definition
| Cupula of the Parietal Pleura |
|
|
Term
| What vessels are found between the pericardium and the mediastinal Parietal Pleura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major recesses of the parietal pleura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is clinically significant about these recesses? |
|
Definition
| Provide areas where excess pleural fluid can be withdrawn without damaging the lungs |
|
|
Term
| What are the borders of the Superior Mediastinum? |
|
Definition
| Superiorly: Superior Thoracic Aperture |
|
|
Term
| What is the most anterior structure in the SM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Directly posterior to Manubrium |
|
|
Term
| What level does the pericardium of the heart terminate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up the great vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is immediately deep to the Thymus gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the Brachiocephalic Veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the superior continuation of the Accessory Hemiazygos Vein? |
|
Definition
| Left Superior Intercostal Vein |
|
|
Term
| What two structures does the above vein separate? |
|
Definition
| Left Vagus and Left Phrenic Nerves at the left lateral surface of the Aortic Arch |
|
|
Term
| What does the junction of the Left and Right Brachiocephalic Veins form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deep to right 1st Costal Cartilage |
|
|
Term
| What vein terminates on the posterior side of the SVC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure is immediately deep and inferior to the Left Brachiocephalic Vein? |
|
Definition
| Aortic Arch and its branches |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Aortic arch begin? |
|
Definition
| As a continuation of the Ascending Aorta, the Aortic Arch begins at the Sternal Angle |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Aortic Arch? |
|
Definition
| Aorta arches superiorly, posteriorly, and to the left |
|
|
Term
| What does the Aorta come in contact with as it arches posteriorly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Aortic Arch end? Level? |
|
Definition
| Left side of the body at the disc of the 4th Thoracic Vertebra |
|
|
Term
| What is the first and largest branch of the Aortic Arch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Brachiocephalic Trunk arise? |
|
Definition
| Posterior to the middle of the Manubrium |
|
|
Term
| What does the Brachiocephalic Trunk give rise to? |
|
Definition
| Right Common Carotid Artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd branch of the Aortic Arch? |
|
Definition
| Left Common Carotid Artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the 3rd branch of the Aortic Arch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the band of connective tissue between the Aortic Arch and the Left Pulmonary Artery? Reminence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Path of Right Vagus Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Descends between R Brachiocephalic Vein and Brachiocephalic Arterial Trunk |
|
|
Term
| Path of Left Vagus Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Descends between “L Common Carotid and L Subclavian Arteries” and the L Brachiocephalic Vein |
|
|
Term
| What binds the Left Vagus Nerve to the surface of the Aortic Arch? |
|
Definition
| Left Superior Intercostal Vein |
|
|
Term
| What nerve is lateral to this vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What side does the Left Vagus Nerve pass the Ligamentum Arteriosum on? What occurs here? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Path of Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Courses deep and posterior to ligamentum arteriosum then it ascends posterior to the Aortic Arch |
|
|
Term
| How do the Phrenic Nerves enter the mediastinum? |
|
Definition
| Between the Subclavian Arteries and Veins |
|
|
Term
| What is the position of the Phrenic Nerves to the Vagus Nerves? |
|
Definition
| Phrenic is lateral to Vagus on both sides |
|
|
Term
| Path of Right Phrenic Nerve? |
|
Definition
| Courses lateral to the R Brachiocephalic Vein and SVC |
|
|
Term
| Relationship of Phrenic Nerves to the root of the lungs? |
|
Definition
| R and L Phrenic Nerves course with the Pericardiacophrenic Vessels lateral to the pericardium of the heart ventral to the roots of the lungs |
|
|
Term
| What is deep to the 1st part of the Aortic Arch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Serous sac that surrounds the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anteriorly: Sup. And Inf. Sternopericardial Attachments |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 components of the pericardium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the fibrous layer? |
|
Definition
| External layer of pericardium |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 components of the serous pericardium? |
|
Definition
| Parietal layer of serous pericardium |
|
|
Term
| What sinuses are found within the pericardial cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transverse Sinus Describe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What separates the 2 sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs to the pericardium at the great vessels? |
|
Definition
| At sternal angle, reflection from visceral to parietal pericardium occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superiorly at level of 3rd rib, formed by great vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inferior and to the left, 5th intercostal space |
|
|
Term
| Anterior (Sternocostal) Surface |
|
Definition
| Ventral surface of heart composed of all 4 chambers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Right and left ventricle resting on the Diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Separates the Sternocostal Surface from the Diaphragmatic Surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major sulci on the surface of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Right (Coronary) Cusp of Aortic Valve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arises from right aortic sinus |
|
|
Term
| 1st Branch, Location, Purpose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2nd Branch, Location, Vein, Purpose |
|
Definition
| Right Marginal Branch of Right Coronary A. |
|
|
Term
| Termination, Location, Vein, Purpose |
|
Definition
| Posterior Interventricular Artery |
|
|
Term
| What does the Posterior Interventricular Artery anastamose with at the apex of the heart? |
|
Definition
| Anterior Interventricular Branch of Left Coronary Artery |
|
|
Term
| What also anastomoses with the Right Coronary artery before descending the posterior interventricular sulcus? |
|
Definition
| Circumflex Artery (Branch of Left Coronary Artery) |
|
|
Term
| What branch of Right Coronary Artery penetrates into the interatrial septum at the upper end of the post. Interventricular sulcus? |
|
Definition
| Atrioventricular Nodal Artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Left (Coronary) cusp of Aortic Valve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Courses in coronary sulcus left of the Pulmonary Trunk and deep to left auricle |
|
|
Term
| Terminates into . . . . . |
|
Definition
| Anterior Interventricular Artery |
|
|
Term
| Where does this division occur? |
|
Definition
| Junction of the coronary and anterior interventricular sulcus |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Interventricular Artery |
|
Definition
| Sternocostal surfaces of both ventricles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Apex with anastomoses with Post. Interv. Artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continues in coronary sulcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supplies Left Atrium and Left Ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collateral anastomoses with Right Coronary Artery |
|
|
Term
| Smooth portion on posterior wall of the right Atrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscular portion of anterior wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What separates the 2 areas listed above? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the depressed area on the interatrial wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the elevated superior margin of the fossa ovalis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the atrioventricular node located? |
|
Definition
| Between the valve of the Coronary Sinus and the Atrioventricular aperture |
|
|
Term
| What is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the cusps of the tricuspid valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What papillary Muscles are found in the RV? |
|
Definition
| Anterior Papillary Muscle |
|
|
Term
| What connects the papillary muscles to the valve cusps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the smooth-walled portion of the ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes a majority of the ventricular wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is just inferior to Conus Arteriosus and connects to the Anterior Papillary Muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The moderator Band is apart of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the cusps of the pulmonary semilunar valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Anterior Papillary Muscle is attached to what surface of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Posterior Papillary Muscle is attached to what surface of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enters the left atrium? |
|
Definition
| Left and Right Pulmonary Veins |
|
|
Term
| What papillary muscles are found in the left ventricle? |
|
Definition
| Anterior Papillary Muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is the atrioventricular valve found on the left side of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the cusps of the Aortic Semilunar Valve. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What initiates contraction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the SA node located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sends out the second signal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the AV Node located? |
|
Definition
| In the interatrial wall between the coronary sinus and the right atrioventricular opening |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the AV Node? |
|
Definition
| Leads to the atrioventricular bundle which divides into left and right cura (bundle branches) |
|
|
Term
| When the pulmonary trunk divides, what is its relationship to the aorta? |
|
Definition
| Divides inferior to aortic arch at the plane of the sternal angle into right and left pulmonary arteries |
|
|
Term
| Left Pulmonary Artery Path? |
|
Definition
| Course ventral to the thoracic aorta and arches over the left main bronchus to enter the left lung |
|
|
Term
| Right Pulmonary Artery Path? |
|
Definition
| Crosses posterior to ascending aorta and SVC to enter right lung ventral to main bronchus |
|
|
Term
| In root of lung what is the relationship of Pulmonary Arteries to Pulmonary Veins? |
|
Definition
| Pulmonary Veins are ventral and inferior to the Pulmonary Arteries |
|
|
Term
| Path of Left Pulmonary Vein? |
|
Definition
| Crosses ventral to thoracic aorta |
|
|
Term
| Path of Right Pulmonary Vein? |
|
Definition
| Posterior to SVC and right atrium |
|
|
Term
| Where does the trachea bifurcate? |
|
Definition
| At the level of the sternal angle |
|
|
Term
| Describe Right Main Bronchus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Left Main Bronchus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the pleura is inferior to the root of the lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the lobes of the Right Lung. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the fissures of the Right Lung. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Right Lung: Artery v. Bronchus |
|
Definition
| Pul. Artery is ventral to bronchus |
|
|
Term
| Name the divisions of the right main bronchus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the lobes of the Left Lung. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the fissures of the Left Lung. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Left Lung: Artery v. Bronchus |
|
Definition
| Artery is superior to bronchus |
|
|
Term
| Name the divisions of the Left Main Bronchus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The esophagus enters the posterior mediastinum just posterior to what structure at the level of the sternal angle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship of the esophagus and the thoracic aorta? |
|
Definition
| The thoracic aorta is posterior and to the left of the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Where does the esophagus exit the Posterior Mediastinum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Entrance of Vagus Nerves. |
|
Definition
| Enter posterior to root of lung |
|
|
Term
| Left Vagus Nerve on esophagus. |
|
Definition
| Passes to the anterior surface of the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Right Vagus Nerve on esophagus. |
|
Definition
| Passes mostly posterior to esophagus |
|
|
Term
| The esophageal plexus forms what on the surface of the esophagus as it passes into the abdomen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the Ant. and Post. Vagal Trunks do? |
|
Definition
| Distribute Parasympathetic to the viscera of abdomen |
|
|
Term
| How does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
| Through the esophageal hiatus |
|
|
Term
| Where does the descending thoracic aorta begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What branches from the descending aorta? |
|
Definition
| Bronchial, Esophageal, Posterior Intercostal, Subcostal, and Superior Phrenic Arteries |
|
|
Term
| # of pairs of Posterior Intercostal Arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the aorta pass through the diaphragm? Level? What passes with it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary venous drainage of the Thorax? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the azygos vein located? |
|
Definition
| Right posterior thoracic wall |
|
|
Term
| What forms the Azygos Vein? |
|
Definition
| Junction of the ascending Lumbar and Right Subcostal Veins |
|
|
Term
| Where does the azygos vein terminate? |
|
Definition
| The Azygos Arch terminates in the SVC posteriorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Curves over the root of the right lung |
|
|
Term
| What does the Accessory Hemiazygos Vein form? Terminates where? |
|
Definition
| Forms the Left Superior Intercostal Vein |
|
|
Term
| What role does the Azygos system play in collateral circulation? |
|
Definition
| Collateral flow between the superior and inferior vena cava |
|
|
Term
| What is the Thoracic Duct? |
|
Definition
| Large terminal Lyphatic vessel |
|
|
Term
| What does the Thoracic Duct drain? |
|
Definition
| All lymph from body inferior to diaphragm and left side of body superior to the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| How does the Thoracic Duct pass through the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Thoracic Duct terminate? |
|
Definition
| At the junction of the Left Subclavian Vein and the Internal Jugular Vein |
|
|
Term
| What provides collateral circulation between the Aorta and Subclavian Arteries? |
|
Definition
| Anterior and Posterior Intercostal Arteries |
|
|
Term
| How can you tell the difference between gray and white rami communcantes? |
|
Definition
| White rami is more lateral |
|
|
Term
| What Splanchnic Nerves arise from the Thoracic Chain Ganglia? What Ganglia? |
|
Definition
| Greater Splanchnic Nerve: T5-T9 |
|
|
Term
| White Rami is pre or post ganglionic? |
|
Definition
|
|
