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Anatomy, Block 1 Dissector Questions
Musculoskeletal
551
Anatomy
Graduate
08/16/2011

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Term
Located on the posterior aspect of the occipital bone of the skull?
Definition
External Occipital Protuberance
Term
Midline of Neck and Back?
Definition
Vertebral Furrow
Term
First vertebral spine palpable?
Definition
C7: Vertebral Prominens
Term
Vertebral Furrow is deepest where?
Definition
Thoracic and lumbar regions
Term
Vertebral Furrow ends where?
Definition
Sacrum
Term
Bi-lateral from the superior part of the sacrum is the _____________.
Definition
Iliac Crest
Term
The highest point of the iliac crest is at what vertebral level?
Definition
L4 (Used as a surface reference for lumbar punctures)
Term
The lateral most aspect of the shoulder?
Definition
Acromion of the Scapula
Term
The acromion articulates with the ______.
Definition
Lateral end of the clavicle
Term
The acromion continues postero-medially as the ____________.
Definition
Spine of the Scapula
Term
The spine of the scapula is at what vertebral level?
Definition
T3
Term
The inferior angle of the scapula is at what vertebral level?
Definition
T7
Term
What makes up the posterior axillary fold?
Definition
Lower border of the Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major
Term
Cutaneous Nerves to the skin of the back are branches of the _____________.
Definition
Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves
Term
# of pairs of spinal nerves?
Definition
31 pairs
Term
The superficial group of muscles is composed of?
Definition
5 Muscles
Term
The superficial group functionally contributes to the ___________.
Definition
Upper Limb
Term
What muscles of the back cover most of the surface?
Definition
Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi
Term
Origin: Trapezius
Definition
External Occipital Protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and C7-T12
Term
Insertion: Trapezius
Definition
Lateral end of clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine
Term
What artery and nerve lie deep to the lateral portion of the Trapezius?
Definition
Transverse Cervical Artery (& Vein) and Subtrapezial Nerve Plexus
Term
Subtrapezial Nerve Plexus is formed by ___.
Definition
Accessory Nerve (CN XI) and the 3rd and 4th cervical spinal nerves
Term
Latissimus Dorsi is (superficial/deep) to Trapezius?
Definition
Deep
Term
What are the borders of the Triangle of Ascultation?
Definition
Superior: Rhomboid Major
Term
Where does Latissimus Dorsi cross the Scapula?
Definition
At the inferior angle of the scapula
Term
The Latissimus Dorsi muscle fibers interdigitate with those of _________.
Definition
External Abdominal Oblique and Serratus Anterior Muscles
Term
What muscle does the lateral and superior border of the Latissimus Dorsi wrap around?
Definition
Teres Major
Term
What do the Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major form together?
Definition
Posterior Axillary Fold
Term
Latissimus Dorsi: origin, blood supply, and insertion
Definition
Thoracodorsal Nerve (Posterior Cord of Brachial Plexus), Thoracodorsal Artery (Branch of Subscapular Artery III), Intertubercular Groove of humerus
Term
Insertion: Serratus Anterior
Definition
Ventral surface of the medial border of the Scapula
Term
Action: Serratus Anterior
Definition
Holds scapula against posterior chest wall and rotates the scapula superiorly
Term
Innervation: Serratus Anterior
Definition
Long Thoracic Nerve (C5, C6, C7)
Term
Clinical: Paralysis of Long Thoracic Nerve
Definition
Winged Scapula
Term
Consists of what muscles?
Definition
Posterior Superior Serratus
Term
Innervation?
Definition
Posterior Inferior Serratus
Term
Function of Middle Group of Back Muscles
Definition
Respiration
Term
Function of the Deep Group of Muscles?
Definition
Direct movement of the vertebral column and skull
Term
Innervation for Deep Group?
Definition
Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves
Term
Innervation for the superficial and middle groups?
Definition
Ventral rami of the spinal nerves
Term
Three parts of Erector Spinae Muscle (Medial to Lateral)
Definition
Spinalis, Longissimus, and Iliocostalis
Term
Action: Erector Spinae Muscle
Definition
Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column
Term
What makes up the intervertebral disc?
Definition
Anulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus
Term
# of Vertebrae: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
Definition
7 Cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccyx
Term
What connects the inner surface of the laminae of adjacent vertebrae?
Definition
Ligamenta Flava
Term
What is located in the epidural space?
Definition
Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus and Epidural fat
Term
What is significant about the Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus concerning the spread of cancer?
Definition
Contains no valves
Term
What are the 3 meningeal layers covering the spinal cord?
Definition
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Membrane, and Pia Mater
Term
The Dura Mater extends from where to where?
Definition
The base of the skull to S2
Term
What does the Dura Mater form at S2?
Definition
Filum Terminale Externum (Coccygeal Ligament)
Term
What cannot be separated from the spinal cord?
Definition
Pia Mater
Term
What joins to form a spinal nerve?
Definition
Dorsal and Ventral Roots of the Spinal Cord
Term
What occurs on the dorsal root at approximately the vertebral foreman?
Definition
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Term
What is a lateral extension of the Pia Mater?
Definition
Denticulate Ligaments
Term
Denticulate ligaments extend between what?
Definition
Ventral and Dorsal Roots of the spinal cord
Term
What is the function of the Denticulate Ligaments?
Definition
It anchors the Dura Mater between the exits of the ventral and dorsal roots from the dural sac to help stabilize the spinal cord
Term
How far inferior does the spinal cord extend?
Definition
L2 (or L1)
Term
Where does the spinal cord enlarge? Why?
Definition
Cervical and Lumbar Enlargements (many nerves that supply the upper and lower limbs)
Term
What is the structure called where the spinal cord tapers off at L2?
Definition
Conus Medullaris
Term
What extends from the inferior tip of the conus medullaris? What is it an extension of?
Definition
Filum Terminale Internum (Pia Mater)
Term
What surrounds the filum terminale internum?
Definition
Cauda Equina
Term
What is the cauda equina?
Definition
Massive collection of ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal nerves and filum terminale within the inferior part of the dural sac
Term
What lines the posterior (anterior) surface of the vertebral bodies? Function?
Definition
Posterior (Anterior) Longitudinal Ligament (Prevents hyperflexion (hyperextension) of the vertebral column)
Term
Muscles of the Scapular Region?
Definition
Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Teres Major, and Subscapularis
Term
What nerves enter the skin at the posterior border of the Deltoid?
Definition
Branches of the superior lateral brachial Cutaneous nerve
Term
What are the borders of the Quadrangular Space?
Definition
Superiorly: Teres Minor
Term
What is located in the Quadrangular Space?
Definition
Axillary Nerve
Term
What are the borders of the Triangular Space?
Definition
Superiorly: Teres Minor
Term
What is located in the Triangular Space?
Definition
Circumflex Scapular Artery
Term
Insertion: Supraspinatus
Definition
Sup. Facet of Greater Tubercle of Humerus
Term
What crosses the suprascapular notch?
Definition
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament
Term
What courses superiorly to the above-mentioned ligament?
Definition
Suprascapular Artery
Term
What courses inferiorly to the above-mentioned ligament?
Definition
Suprascapular Nerve
Term
Suprascapular Nerve innervates?
Definition
Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Muscles
Term
What makes up the Rotator Cuff?
Definition
4 Muscles Supraspinatus
Term
The entire mammary gland is superficial to what?
Definition
The deep fascia of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
Term
What veins are located at the lateral and medial aspects of the arm, respectively?
Definition
Cephalic and Basilic Veins
Term
Where do the Cephalic and Basilic Veins originate?
Definition
Lateral and medial sides of the dorsal venous arch, respectively, on the posterior of the hand
Term
Describe the path and termination of the Cephalic Vein.
Definition
Anterior surface of the forearm and arm
Term
What forms the axillary vein?
Definition
2 brachial veins and the Basilic Vein
Term
What connects the Basilic and Cephalic Veins? Significance?
Definition
Median Cubittal Vein (Phlebotomy)
Term
What forms the anterior axillary fold?
Definition
Pectoralis Major
Term
Where does Pec. Major insert?
Definition
Crest of Greater Tubercle
Term
What passes through the costocoracoid membrane of the clavipectoral fascia?
Definition
Cephalic Vein
Term
These 3 structures pass through the costocoracoid membrane in what relation to Pec. Minor?
Definition
Medial to Pectoralis Minor
Term
What is the origin of the Thoracoacromial Artery Trunk?
Definition
A branch of the 2nd part of the Axillary Artery
Term
What are the branches of the Thoracoacromial Artery Trunk?
Definition
Pectoral Branch (largest)
Term
What does the clavicular branch supply?
Definition
Subclavius M. and the sternoclavicular Joint
Term
What encloses pectoralis minor?
Definition
Clavipectoral fascia
Term
Where is the clavipectoral fascia located?
Definition
Between the clavicle to the axillary fascia
Term
What is the costocoracoid membrane?
Definition
The clavipectoral fascia between the clavicle and pectoralis minor
Term
What is the Suspensory Ligament of the Axilla?
Definition
The clavipectoral fascia located inferior to Pec. Minor and extending to the axillary fascia
Term
Where does Pectoralis Minor insert?
Definition
Coracoid Process of the Scapula
Term
What pierces Pectoralis Minor?
Definition
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Term
Why is Pectoralis Minor an important landmark?
Definition
Its position divides the Axillary Artery into 3 parts
Term
Boundaries of the Axilla
Definition
Triangle Shape
Term
Anterior
Definition
Pectoralis Major
Term
Medial
Definition
Serratus Anterior
Term
Posterior
Definition
Subscapularis
Term
Lateral
Definition
Intertubercular Groove
Term
Base
Definition
Axillary Fascia
Term
Apex
Definition
Clavicle
Term
Axillary Vein Borders (Becomes)
Definition
Lateral border of Teres Major
Term
What is the main source of blood to the shoulder and upper limb?
Definition
Axillary Artery
Term
Borders?
Definition
Lateral border of first rib
Term
What divides the Axillary Artery into 3 parts?
Definition
Pectoralis Minor
Term
Name the location of the divisions?
Definition
1st Part: Medial to Pectoralis Minor
Term
What branches from the 1st part of the Axillary Artery? Supplies?
Definition
1 Superior Thoracic Artery
Term
What branches from the 2nd part of the Axillary Artery?
Definition
2 Thoracoacromial Artery Trunk
Term
What is the path of the Lateral Thoracic Artery?
Definition
Courses on the surface of Serratus Anterior to supply structures of the chest wall
Term
What courses with the Lateral Thoracic Artery?
Definition
Long Thoracic Nerve
Term
What branches from the 3rd part of the Axillary Artery?
Definition
Subscapular Artery
Term
What branches from the Subscapular Artery?
Definition
Circumflex Scapular Artery
Term
What provides collateral circulation with the Circumflex Scapular Artery?
Definition
Suprascapular Artery (Subclavian Artery)
Term
What does the Circumflex Scapular Artery pass through? Does it course with any other structure?
Definition
Triangular Space
Term
What is the main blood supply to Latissimus Dorsi?
Definition
Thoracodorsal Artery
Term
What courses with the Thoracodorsal Artery?
Definition
Thoracodorsal Nerve (Posterior Cord on BP)
Term
What does the Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery pass through? Does it course with any other structure?
Definition
Quadrangular Space
Term
What part of the Humerus does the Anterior and Posterior Circumflex Humeral Arteries surround?
Definition
Surgical Neck of the Humerus
Term
Which Humeral Circumflex Artery is larger?
Definition
Posterior Humeral Circumflex
Term
What does the Axillary artery become at the lateral border of Teres Major?
Definition
Brachial Artery
Term
The 5 parts of the Brachial Plexus?
Definition
Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches
Term
The roots of the Brachial Plexus are made up of ____________.
Definition
Ventral Rami of C5 – T1
Term
What part of the Brachial Plexus is superior to the clavicle?
Definition
Ventral Rami, Roots, and the 3 Trunks
Term
What part of the Brachial Plexus is deep to the clavicle?
Definition
The 3 anterior and 3 posterior Divisions
Term
What parts of the Brachial Plexus is inferior to the clavicle?
Definition
3 Cords and the Terminal Branches
Term
What is the significance of anterior and posterior Divisions of the Brachial Plexus?
Definition
They represent the separation of nerve fibers that innervate the ventral and dorsal muscle masses of the limb
Term
What are the Cords of the Brachial Plexus?
Definition
Lateral, Posterior, Anterior
Term
What are the Cord names in reference to?
Definition
Their relationship to the 2nd part of the Axillary Artery (Deep to Pec. Minor)
Term
What forms the posterior cord?
Definition
The junction of 3 posterior Divisions
Term
The posterior cord contributes to the innervation of what?
Definition
The dorsal (extensor) surface of the limb and shoulder
Term
What forms the lateral cord?
Definition
Anterior Divisions of the Superior and Middle Trunks
Term
What forms the medial cord?
Definition
The anterior Division of the inferior trunk
Term
What do the lateral and medial cords innervate?
Definition
Muscles on the ventral (flexor) surface of the limb and anterior chest wall
Term
The cords of the Brachial Plexus should be found deep to what muscle?
Definition
Pectoralis Minor (2nd part of the Axillary Artery)
Term
What nerve branches off the lateral cord?
Definition
Lateral Pectoral Nerve
Term
What is the path of the Lateral Pectoral Nerve?
Definition
Passes Medial to Pectoralis Minor
Term
What nerves branch off the medial cord?
Definition
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Term
What is the path of the medial pectoral nerve?
Definition
Passes between the Axillary Artery and Axillary Vein
Term
What courses with the Basilic Vein?
Definition
Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve
Term
To what nerves does the medial cord contribute?
Definition
Median and Ulnar Nerve
Term
What contributes to the formation of the Median Nerve?
Definition
Lateral Cord and Medial Cord
Term
Initially, where is the Median Nerve located?
Definition
On the anterolateral side of the Axillary Artery
Term
What contributes to the formation of the Musculocutaneous Nerve?
Definition
Lateral Cord
Term
What does the Musculocutaneous Nerve innervate?
Definition
Ventral side of the arm and lateral skin of the forearm?
Term
What is the path of the Musculocutaneous Nerve as it enters the arm?
Definition
It penetrates the Coracobrachialis Muscle
Term
What nerves branch off from the posterior cord?
Definition
Upper Subscapular Nerve
Term
What innervates Subscapularis Muscle?
Definition
Upper and Lower Subcapular Nerves
Term
What innervates Teres Major?
Definition
Lower Subscapular Nerve
Term
What courses with the Thoracodorsal Nerve?
Definition
Thoracodorsal Artery
Term
What forms the Axillary Nerve?
Definition
Posterior cord splits to form the Axillary Nerve(C5, C6) and the Radial Nerve(C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Term
What is the path of the Axillary Nerve? (Relate to Subscapularis)
Definition
Passes inferior to Subscapularis
Term
What does the Axillary Nerve innervate?
Definition
Teres Minor
Term
What passes through the Quadrangular Space?
Definition
Axillary Nerve
Term
What cutaneous nerves does the Axillary Nerve provide?
Definition
Posterior Shoulder
Term
What form the Radial Nerve?
Definition
The split of the posterior cord into Radial Nerve and Axillary Nerve
Term
What in general does the Radial Nerve innervate?
Definition
The dorsal muscle mass and skin of the arm and forearm
Term
Where is the Musculocutaneous nerve in relation to the Axillary Artery?
Definition
Lateral
Term
What nerves are medial to the Axillary Artery?
Definition
Ulnar Nerve
Term
What is the initial path of the Radial Nerve?
Definition
Posterior to the Axillary Artery
Term
What are the 5 groups of axillary lymph nodes?
Definition
Lateral
Term
What does these 5 groups receive?
Definition
Afferent lymphatic vessels from the upper limb, shoulder, and mammary gland
Term
What group is mainly responsible for draining lymph from the mammary gland?
Definition
Pectoral Group
Term
Collectively, these 5 groups form what?
Definition
Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk
Term
Where does the Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk drain?
Definition
Right: Junction of the Right Subclavian and Internal Jugular veins
Term
What boundary is the Serratus Anterior in the axilla?
Definition
Medial Wall of the Axilla
Term
What is the origin of the Serratus Anterior Muscle?
Definition
Upper eight or nine ribs
Term
Where does the Serratus Anterior insert?
Definition
The costal surface of the entire medial border of the Scapula
Term
What innervates Serratus Anterior?
Definition
Long Thoracic Nerve
Term
Function of Serratus Anterior?
Definition
Holds scapula against thoracic wall
Term
What occurs if the Serratus Anterior or Long Thoracic Nerve is damaged?
Definition
Winged Scapula
Term
What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?
Definition
Subscapularis (Largest)
Term
What innervates Subscapularis?
Definition
Upper Subscapular Nerve
Term
What stabilizes the Humerus in the glenoid cavity?
Definition
Rotator Cuff
Term
What makes up the Rotator Cuff?
Definition
Supraspinatus
Term
What compartments of the arm exist?
Definition
Anterior Flexor Compartment
Term
What separates these compartments?
Definition
Intermuscular Septa
Term
What supports and maintains the structure of the arm?
Definition
Brachial Fascia
Term
What does the Brachial Fascia form on the lateral and medial aspects of the arm?
Definition
Lateral and Medial Intermuscular Septa
Term
What muscles are located in the Anterior Flexor Compartment of the arm?
Definition
Biceps Brachii
Term
Where does the Biceps Brachii originate?
Definition
Short Head: Coracoid Process
Term
Where does the Biceps Brachii insert?
Definition
Tuberosity of the Radius
Term
What is the Bicipital Aponeurosis?
Definition
Superficial, medially directed aponeurotic extension from the medial side of the Biceps Brachii Tendon
Term
What is the function of the Bicipital Aponeurosis?
Definition
Protective covering for the Median Nerve and Brachial Artery in the Cubital Fossa
Term
Where is the Brachialis Muscle located?
Definition
Deep to the inferior half of the Biceps Brachii
Term
Where does the Brachialis Muscle originate?
Definition
Ventral surface of the inferior Humerus
Term
Where does the Brachialis Muscle insert?
Definition
Tuberosity of the Ulna
Term
What is the location of the Coracobrachialis? (In Relation to the Biceps Brachii)
Definition
Medial and parallel to the short head of the Biceps Brachii
Term
What is the origin and insertion of the Coracobrachialis?
Definition
Origin: Coracoid Process
Term
What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment?
Definition
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Term
What is the course of the Musculocutaneous Nerve through the arm?
Definition
Pierces the Coracobrachialis Muscle
Term
Where does the Musculocutaneous nerve emerge from the arm?
Definition
Laterally from between the Brachialis Muscle and the Biceps Brachii
Term
After emerging in the inferior part of the arm, what does the Musculocutaneous Nerve become?
Definition
Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve
Term
What does the previous nerve supply?
Definition
Cutaneous innervation to the skin of the lateral forearm (GSE, GVE, GVA)
Term
What supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial aspect of the forearm?
Definition
Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve
Term
Where is the origin of the Brachial Artery?
Definition
Originates from the inferior border of Teres Major as a continuation of the Axillary Artery
Term
Where does the Brachial Artery course?
Definition
Anterior Compartment of the arm
Term
What forms the Neurovascular compartment of the arm?
Definition
Splitting of the medial intermuscular septum
Term
Initially what is the position of the Median Nerve and Ulnar Nerve in relation to the Brachial Artery?
Definition
Median Nerve: Lateral to Brachial Artery
Term
During their course through the arm, what is the relationship between the Median Nerve and Brachial Artery?
Definition
The Median Nerve passes from the lateral side of the Brachial Artery ventrally across to the medial side of the Brachial Artery
Term
What accompanies the Brachial Artery?
Definition
2 Brachial Veins
Term
(Not nerves)
Definition
(Venae Comitantes)
Term
Where do these veins terminate?
Definition
Basilic Vein
Term
What are the main branches of the Brachial Artery (superior to inferior)?
Definition
Deep Brachial Artery
Term
The Deep Brachial Artery arises just inferior to what muscle?
Definition
Teres Major Muscle
Term
What is the course of the Deep Brachial Artery?
Definition
Medial to the Humerus, it enters the posterior compartment of the arm in the Radial Groove of the Humerus
Term
What enters the Radial Groove with the Deep Brachial Artery?
Definition
Radial Nerve
Term
What arises from the Brachial Artery just inferior to the Deep Brachial Artery?
Definition
Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery
Term
What courses with the Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery?
Definition
Ulnar Nerve
Term
What is the path of the Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery and Ulnar Nerve?
Definition
Penetrates the intermuscular septum to enter the posterior compartment of the arm
Term
Where does the Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery originate?
Definition
From the Brachial Artery just superior to the medial epicondyle
Term
What is the path of the Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery?
Definition
It passes anterior to the medial epicondyle of the Humerus
Term
What is significant about the Deep Brachial Artery, Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery, and the Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery?
Definition
Collateral Circulation for the Brachial Artery around the elbow
Term
Deep Brachial Artery
Definition
Radial Recurrent Artery
Term
Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery
Definition
Posterior Ulnar Recurrent Artery
Term
Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery
Definition
Anterior Ulnar Recurrent Artery
Term
Do the Median Nerve and Ulnar Nerve provide innervation within the arm?
Definition
No
Term
What is the origin of the Triceps Brachii?
Definition
Long Head: Infraglenoid Tubercle
Term
What is located deep to the Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii?
Definition
Radial Groove
Term
What nerve innervates Triceps Brachii?
Definition
Radial Nerve
Term
What regions does the Radial nerve provide cutaneous innervation to the skin?
Definition
Posterior Brachial Cutaneous Branches
Term
In the lower 3rd of the arm, what is the path of the Radial Nerve?
Definition
Pierces lateral intermuscular septum just superior to lateral epicondyle
Term
When the Radial Nerve moves across the lateral epicondyle, what is its relationship to neighboring muscles?
Definition
As it passes anterior to the lateral epicondyle, the Radial Nerve is between the Brachialis Muscle and the Brachioradialis Muscle
Term
What muscles do the Radial Nerve innervate at the lateral epicondyle?
Definition
Brachioradialis Muscle
Term
What forms an arterial branch that contributes to collateral circulation between the axillary and brachial arteries?
Definition
Deep Brachial Artery
Term
What courses with the Radial Nerve anterior to the lateral epicondyle?
Definition
Radial Recurrent Artery
Term
What is the Cubital Fossa?
Definition
The triangular region on the ventral side of the elbow that contains most of the vessels and nerves that pass between the arm and the forearm
Term
Is the Ulnar Nerve in the Cubital Fossa?
Definition
No
Term
What significant vein is superficial to the Cubital Fossa?
Definition
Median Cubital Vein
Term
Roof (Anterior)
Definition
Bicipital Aponeurosis
Term
Floor (Posterior)
Definition
Brachialis Muscle
Term
Lateral
Definition
Brachioradialis Muscle
Term
Medial
Definition
Pronator Teres
Term
What nerve is deep to the lateral boundary of the Cubital Fossa?
Definition
Radial Nerve
Term
What does the Radial Nerve divide into?
Definition
Superficial Radial Nerve
Term
What is the path of the Superficial Radial Nerve?
Definition
Passes superficial to the Supinator Muscle
Term
What is the initial path of the Deep Radial Nerve?
Definition
Penetrates the Supinator Muscle
Term
Lateral to Medial, what structures are found in the Cubital Fossa?
Definition
TAN
Term
At the apex of the Cubital Fossa, what does the Brachial Artery divide into?
Definition
Radial Artery
Term
Where does the Biceps Brachii insert?
Definition
Tuberosity of the Radius
Term
Where does the Brachialis Muscle insert?
Definition
Tuberosity of the Ulna
Term
What connects the Ulna and Radius of the forearm?
Definition
Interosseous Membrane
Term
What are the superficial muscles of the extensor compartment of the forearm?
Definition
Brachioradialis Muscle
Term
What muscles are innervated by the Radial Nerve before its division?
Definition
Brachioradialis Muscle
Term
What innervates the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle? When?
Definition
Deep Radial Nerve
Term
What muscles are innervated by the Deep Radial Nerve distal to it penetration of the Supinator Muscle?
Definition
Extensor Digitorum Muscle
Term
Which muscle’s tendon does not cross the carpal bones to the dorsum of the hand in the superficial extensor group?
Definition
Brachioradialis Muscle
Term
Where does the Brachioradialis Muscle insert?
Definition
Styloid Process of the Radius
Term
What muscles make up the deep extensor muscle compartment of the forearm?
Definition
Supinator Muscle
Term
Where does the Supinator Muscle insert in relation to the Pronator Teres Muscle?
Definition
Anterior surface of the radius proximal to the insertion of Pronator Teres
Term
What nerve innervates the Supinator Muscle?
Definition
Deep Radial Nerve
Term
What nerve innervates the remaining four muscles?
Definition
Deep Radial Nerve
Term
The 3 pollicis muscles cross what tendons to get to the thumb?
Definition
Brachioradialis Muscle
Term
Do the pollicis muscles cross deep or superficial to the tendons mentioned above?
Definition
Superficial
Term
The tendon of Extensor Indicis effects what digit?
Definition
2nd Digit (Index Finger)
Term
What binds the tendons of the superficial and deep muscles to the carpal bones?
Definition
Extensor Retinaculum
Term
What covers the tendons as they pass deep to the extensor retinaculum?
Definition
Synovial Sheaths
Term
What nerves and vessels course together as they descend the forearm?
Definition
(Distal to the Supinator)
Term
What is the origin of the Posterior Interosseous Artery?
Definition
Common Interosseous Artery
Term
What is the origin of the Common Interosseous Artery?
Definition
Ulnar Artery
Term
What are the boundaries of the Anatomical Snuff Box?
Definition
Lateral Abductor Pollicis Longus
Term
What passes through the floor of the snuff box?
Definition
Radial Artery
Term
Where does the Radial Artery go from the after it passes through the anatomical snuff box?
Definition
To the 1st Interosseous space on the dorsum of the hand, where it pierces the first dorsal Interosseous muscle and enters the deep palm
Term
What does the Radial Artery contribute to after it pierces the 1st dorsal Interosseous muscle and enters the deep palm?
Definition
Deep Palmar Arterial Arch
Term
What contributes to the Dorsal Carpal Arterial Arch?
Definition
Dorsal Carpal Branch of the Radial Artery
Term
Is the Dorsal Carpal Arch superficial or deep to extensor tendons?
Definition
Deep
Term
Name from lateral to medial the superficial Muscles of the Flexor Compartment?
Definition
Pronator Teres Muscle
Term
Of these muscles, which do not have tendons that cross the wrist into the hand?
Definition
Pronator Teres
Term
What nerve innervates all these muscles with one exception? Exception?
Definition
Median Nerve
Term
Name the deep muscles in the flexor compartment of the forearm?
Definition
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle
Term
What innervates Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle and Pronator Quadratus Muscle?
Definition
Anterior Interosseous Nerve
Term
What innervates Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle?
Definition
Lateral ½: Anterior Interosseous Nerve
Term
What accompanies the Superficial Radial Nerve?
Definition
Radial Artery
Term
What is the path of the Superficial Radial Nerve?
Definition
Courses between the Brachioradialis and the Supinator
Term
What is the origin of the Radial Artery?
Definition
The Brachial Artery bifurcates at the apex of the Cubital Fossa into the Radial and Ulnar Nerves
Term
What is the 1st branch of the Radial Artery?
Definition
Radial Recurrent Artery
Term
What is the path of the Radial Recurrent Artery?
Definition
Ascends ventral to the lateral epicondyle deep to the Brachioradialis (with Radial Nerve)
Term
What is the Radial Artery’s position to the Superficial Radial Nerve?
Definition
Radial Artery is Medial to Nerve
Term
What is the course of the Radial Artery in the lower 1/3 of the forearm and hand?
Definition
Passes laterally through the snuff box onto the dorsal surface of the hand
Term
What is the path of the Ulnar Nerve?
Definition
After passing posterior to the medial epicondyle, the Ulnar nerve courses between the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle superficially and the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Deeply
Term
What accompanies the Ulnar Nerve and when?
Definition
Ulnar Artery in the distal 2/3 of the forearm
Term
What is the relationship of the Ulnar Artery to the Ulnar Nerve?
Definition
Ulnar artery is lateral to the Ulnar Nerve
Term
Ulnar Nerve provides cutaneous innervation where?
Definition
Medial 1 and ½ Digits
Term
Name the heads of the Pronator Teres Muscle?
Definition
Superficial (Humeral) Head
Term
What is the course of the Median Nerve in relation to the Pronator Teres Muscle?
Definition
It leaves the Cubital Fossa by passing between the 2 heads of the Pronator Teres Muscle
Term
What occurs as the Median Nerve passes through Pronator Teres?
Definition
Branches to create Anterior Interosseous Nerve
Term
What is the course of the Ulnar Nerve in relation to the Pronator Teres Muscle?
Definition
Ulnar Nerve passes deep to both heads of Pronator Teres
Term
Name the origins of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle?
Definition
Ventral Surface of Radius
Term
What is the course of the Median Nerve, Ulnar Artery, and Radial Artery in relation to the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle?
Definition
Median Nerve and Ulnar Artery pass deep to the upper free arch of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Term
Continue the course of the Median Nerve?
Definition
Courses between the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus
Term
What is the course of the Anterior Interosseous Nerve?
Definition
Joins Anterior Interosseous Vessels of ventral side of Interosseous Membrane
Term
What does the Anterior Interosseous Nerve innervate?
Definition
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Term
Where does the Anterior Interosseous Nerve terminate?
Definition
Sensory branches from the wrist and radioulnar joints
Term
Path of the Ulnar Artery?
Definition
Leaves Cubital Fossa deep to both heads of Pronator Teres, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Term
What contribution to collateral circulation does the Ulnar Artery provide?
Definition
Anterior and Posterior Recurrent Arteries
Term
When does the Median Nerve cross the Ulnar Artery? How?
Definition
Just inferior to Pronator Teres, Median Nerve crosses (medial to lateral) ventral to the Ulnar Artery
Term
What occurs to the Ulnar Artery at the time it is crossed by the Median Nerve?
Definition
Branches to form Common Interosseous Artery
Term
What branches from the Common Interosseous Artery? Where?
Definition
Anterior Interosseous Artery
Term
Path and Branches of Posterior Interosseous Artery?
Definition
Path
Term
Path of Anterior Interosseous Artery?
Definition
Courses with Anterior Interosseous Nerve on ventral surface of Interosseous Membrane
Term
At the wrist, what superficial structures are easily damaged?
Definition
Radial Artery
Term
Ulnar Nerve and Artery
Definition
Lateral to Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon
Term
Median Nerve
Definition
Lateral to Palmaris Longus
Term
Radial Artery
Definition
Lateral to Flexor Carpi Radialis
Term
What branches from the Radial Artery before entering the floor of the snuff box?
Definition
Palmar and Dorsal Carpal Branches
Term
What does the Superficial Palmar Branch contribute to?
Definition
Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch
Term
What passes deep to the Flexor Retinaculum?
Definition
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Term
Where is the Flexor Retinaculum attached?
Definition
Medial
Term
What is covered by the Radial Bursa?
Definition
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Term
What is covered by the Ulnar Bursa?
Definition
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Term
What is the most superficial structure passing through the carpal tunnel?
Definition
Median Nerve
Term
Path of Radial Artery related to Flexor Retinaculum?
Definition
Lateral to flexor retinaculum
Term
Insertion of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
Definition
Base of 5th metacarpal
Term
Insertion of Flexor Carpi Radialis?
Definition
Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
Term
What is deep to the palmar skin?
Definition
Palmar Aponeurosis
Term
Function of the Palmar Aponeurosis?
Definition
Covers the central compartments of the palm
Term
What are the muscle compartments of the hand?
Definition
Thenar
Term
Where is the Thenar Compartment located?
Definition
Lateral side of the palm
Term
What muscles are located in the Thenar Compartment?
Definition
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Term
What covers the Flexor Pollicis Longus tendon?
Definition
Radial Bursa
Term
Length of Radial Bursa?
Definition
Flexor Retinaculum to Distal Phalanx of thumb
Term
What innervates the Thenar Muscles?
Definition
The Recurrent Motor Branch of the Median Nerve
Term
What passes through the thenar muscles to contribute to the superficial arterial palmar arch?
Definition
Superficial Palmar Branch of Radial Artery
Term
What muscles are found in the Hypothenar Compartment?
Definition
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Term
What occurs to the Ulnar Nerve and vessels at the midpoint of the Flexor Retinaculum?
Definition
They divide into the Superficial and Deep Ulnar Nerve and Vessels
Term
What does the superficial Ulnar Nerve innervate? (Muscular and Cutaneous)
Definition
Palmaris Brevis Muscle
Term
What is the main contributor to the Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch?
Definition
Superficial Branch of Ulnar Artery
Term
What is the path of the Deep Ulnar Nerve and Vessels?
Definition
Penetrate between the Abductor Digiti Minimi and the Flexor Digiti Minimi to reach the deeper Abductor-Interosseous Compartment
Term
What does the Recurrent Branch of the Median Nerve innervate?
Definition
Muscles of the Thenar Compartment
Term
What does the Common Palmar Digital Nerves branching from the Median Nerve innervate?
Definition
Cutaneous innervation to the lateral 3 and ½ Digits
Term
What muscles in the Central Compartment does the Median Nerve innervate?
Definition
2 Lumbrical Muscle on the lateral side
Term
Describe the tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus in the carpal tunnel?
Definition
The 4 tendons lie deeply in a single row
Term
Describe the 4 tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis in the carpal tunnel?
Definition
3rd and 4th digit tendons superficial to
Term
What covers these 8 tendons?
Definition
Ulnar Bursa
Term
How many lumbrical muscles are there?
Definition
4 (2nd to 5th digits)
Term
What is significant about there point of origin?
Definition
The have a moving point of origin from the 4 tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Term
Where do the lumbricals insert?
Definition
The lateral (radial) side of the extensor expansion on the dorsum of digits 2 – 5
Term
What innervates the lumbrical muscles?
Definition
Lateral 2: Median Nerve
Term
What is superficial to the central compartment at the horizontal plane of the extended thumb?
Definition
Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch
Term
What is the main contributory of the above arch?
Definition
Superficial Branch of the Ulnar Artery
Term
What is the purpose of the Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch?
Definition
Provides common palmar digital arteries
Term
What is a lesser contributor to the arch?
Definition
Laterally, Superficial Palmar Branch of the Radial Artery
Term
What do the eight tendons enter on the ventral surface of the 2-5 digits?
Definition
Digital (Fibrous) Sheath
Term
Purpose?
Definition
Prevent bowstringing
Term
In relationship to Profundus tendons, what is unique about Superficialis tendons near the point of insertion?
Definition
The tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis split to allow passage of the tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Term
What is the deepest compartment in the palm?
Definition
Interosseous-Adductor Compartment
Term
What is contained in this compartment?
Definition
Palmar Interosseous Muscles
Term
Name the heads and origins of the Adductor Pollicis Muscle?
Definition
Oblique Head: Capitate Bone
Term
Insertion of Adductor Pollicis Muscle?
Definition
Proximal Phalanx of the thumb
Term
Where do the Interosseous Muscles (and Lumbricals) insert?
Definition
Extensor Expansion
Term
What ligaments separate the Lumbrical Muscles and the Interosseous Muscles?
Definition
Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligaments
Term
Which muscles are deep to the above ligaments?
Definition
Interosseous Muscle (Deep compartment)
Term
The extensor expansion is made of what 2 types of bands? Insertion?
Definition
Central Bands: Middle Phalanx
Term
What is one function common to both the Lumbricals and the Interosseous Muscles?
Definition
Flex the Metacarpophalangeal joints but extend the Interphanlangeal joints of digits 2-5
Term
Path of Deep Ulnar Nerve and Artery?
Definition
Penetrate deep to Hypothenar Compartment and course across the ventral surface of the Interosseous Muscles
Term
What does the Deep Ulnar Nerve innervate?
Definition
3 Hypothenar Muscles
Term
Contributors to Deep Palmar Arterial Arch?
Definition
Deep Ulnar Artery (medially)
Term
Position of Deep Palmar Arterial Arch?
Definition
Deep & Proximal to Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch
Term
Where is the Suprasternal Notch?
Definition
Superior surface of the Manubrium
Term
What is the most superior bone articulation with the Sternum? Joint name?
Definition
Clavicle
Term
What muscles attach on the superior part of the clavicle and sternum at the Sternoclavicular Joint? Function?
Definition
Sternocleidomastoid Muscles
Term
What is the ridge called where the Manubrium and Body of Sternum articulate?
Definition
Sternal Angle (of Louis)
Term
What articulates with the sternum at the Sternal Angle?
Definition
2nd Costal Cartilage
Term
Why can the 1st rib not be palpated?
Definition
Deep to clavicle
Term
What is at the inferior end of the sternum?
Definition
Xyphoid Process
Term
What is significant about the xyphosternal junction?
Definition
It is an anterior surface projection of the inferior border of the heart
Term
The nipples are located approximately where?
Definition
4th Intercostal Space
Term
What is the most superficial muscle in the intercostal space?
Definition
External Intercostal Muscle
Term
How many pairs of these muscles are there?
Definition
11
Term
Extend from where to where?
Definition
Tubercles of ribs (posteriorly)
Term
What is muscle fiber direction analogy?
Definition
Hands in Pockets
Term
Function of External Intercostals?
Definition
Elevate ribs
Term
What muscle group is deep to External Intercostals?
Definition
Internal Intercostals
Term
# of pairs?
Definition
11
Term
Extend from where to where?
Definition
Lateral margin of sternum
Term
Muscle fiber direction?
Definition
90 Degrees to External Intercostals
Term
What courses on the deep aspect of the chest wall at the lateral margins of the sternum?
Definition
Internal Thoracic Artery and Vein
Term
What muscle is found on the inner surface of the chest wall and binds the Internal Thoracic vessels against the inner surfaces of the costal cartilage?
Definition
Transversus Thoracis Muscle
Term
Of the Internal Thoracic Vessels, which is most lateral?
Definition
Internal Thoracic Artery
Term
What is the origin of the Internal Thoracic Arteries?
Definition
Right and Left Subclavian Arteries
Term
What does the Internal Thoracic Artery divide into? Where?
Definition
R and L Superior Epigastric Artery
Term
Path of Superior Epigastric Arteries?
Definition
Continues vertical course and enters rectus sheath of the abdominal wall
Term
Path of Musculophrenic Arteries?
Definition
Contour of the rib cage giving rise to lower Anterior Intercostal Arteries and branches to the diaphragm
Term
Where do the Internal Thoracic Veins drain?
Definition
Brachiocephalic Veins
Term
Transversus Thoracis Muscle origin? Insertion?
Definition
Inner surface of sternum
Term
What vessels (how many) are found in the innercostal spaces?
Definition
Anterior Intercostal Vein(2)
Term
What is the origin of the Anterior Intercostal Arteries?
Definition
Upper 5 Spaces: Internal Thoracic Artery
Term
What do these arteries anastamose with?
Definition
Posterior Intercostal Arteries
Term
This forms collateral circulation between?
Definition
Internal Thoracic Artery
Term
What collateral circulation is formed in the venous system?
Definition
Connect Internal Thoracic and Musculophrenic Veins anteriorly to Azygos system of veins posteriorly
Term
Superior to inferior, what vessels are found in the intercostal space?
Definition
VAN
Term
Intercostal nerves provide what innervation?
Definition
Somatic and motor innervation for the muscles and skin of the chest wall (and abdominal wall for intercostal nerves 7 – 11)
Term
What are the boundaries of the mediastinum?
Definition
Anteriorly: Sternum
Term
Are the lungs in the mediastinum?
Definition
No
Term
The thoracic cavity communicates to the neck through the ____________?
Definition
Superior Thoracic Aperture
Term
What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen?
Definition
Diaphragm
Term
What does the diaphragm close in the thorax?
Definition
Inferior Thoracic Aperture
Term
What surrounds each lung?
Definition
Pleura
Term
What are the layers of pleura?
Definition
Inner layer: Visceral Pleura
Term
Are these 2 layers separate?
Definition
No, they are continuous at the hilum (root) of the lung
Term
Where is the visceral pleura?
Definition
Directly adherent to the surfaces of the lung
Term
Where is the parietal pleura?
Definition
Follows the contours of the thoracic wall and lateral boundary of mediastinum
Term
What is contained in the potential space between the two?
Definition
Serous Fluid
Term
What are the regions of the Parietal Pleura?
Definition
4            Cervical
Term
What is the superior (apex) of the pleura called?
Definition
Cupula of the Parietal Pleura
Term
What vessels are found between the pericardium and the mediastinal Parietal Pleura?
Definition
Phrenic Nerve
Term
What are the major recesses of the parietal pleura?
Definition
Costomediastinal Recess
Term
What is clinically significant about these recesses?
Definition
Provide areas where excess pleural fluid can be withdrawn without damaging the lungs
Term
What are the borders of the Superior Mediastinum?
Definition
Superiorly: Superior Thoracic Aperture
Term
What is the most anterior structure in the SM?
Definition
Thymus Gland
Term
Position of the Thymus?
Definition
Directly posterior to Manubrium
Term
What level does the pericardium of the heart terminate?
Definition
Level of Sternal Angle
Term
What makes up the great vessels?
Definition
SVC
Term
What is immediately deep to the Thymus gland?
Definition
Brachiocephalic Veins
Term
What is the origin of the Brachiocephalic Veins?
Definition
Junction of the:
Term
What is the superior continuation of the Accessory Hemiazygos Vein?
Definition
Left Superior Intercostal Vein
Term
What two structures does the above vein separate?
Definition
Left Vagus and Left Phrenic Nerves at the left lateral surface of the Aortic Arch
Term
What does the junction of the Left and Right Brachiocephalic Veins form?
Definition
Superior Vena Cava
Term
Location of SVC origin?
Definition
Deep to right 1st Costal Cartilage
Term
What vein terminates on the posterior side of the SVC?
Definition
Arch of the Azygos Vein
Term
What structure is immediately deep and inferior to the Left Brachiocephalic Vein?
Definition
Aortic Arch and its branches
Term
Where does the Aortic arch begin?
Definition
As a continuation of the Ascending Aorta, the Aortic Arch begins at the Sternal Angle
Term
Describe the Aortic Arch?
Definition
Aorta arches superiorly, posteriorly, and to the left
Term
What does the Aorta come in contact with as it arches posteriorly?
Definition
Trachea
Term
Where does the Aortic Arch end? Level?
Definition
Left side of the body at the disc of the 4th Thoracic Vertebra
Term
What is the first and largest branch of the Aortic Arch?
Definition
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Term
Where does the Brachiocephalic Trunk arise?
Definition
Posterior to the middle of the Manubrium
Term
What does the Brachiocephalic Trunk give rise to?
Definition
Right Common Carotid Artery
Term
What is the 2nd branch of the Aortic Arch?
Definition
Left Common Carotid Artery
Term
What is the 3rd branch of the Aortic Arch?
Definition
Left Subclavian Artery
Term
What is the band of connective tissue between the Aortic Arch and the Left Pulmonary Artery? Reminence?
Definition
Ligamentum Arteriosum
Term
Path of Right Vagus Nerve?
Definition
Descends between R Brachiocephalic Vein and Brachiocephalic Arterial Trunk
Term
Path of Left Vagus Nerve?
Definition
Descends between “L Common Carotid and L Subclavian Arteries” and the L Brachiocephalic Vein
Term
What binds the Left Vagus Nerve to the surface of the Aortic Arch?
Definition
Left Superior Intercostal Vein
Term
What nerve is lateral to this vein?
Definition
Left Phrenic Vein
Term
What side does the Left Vagus Nerve pass the Ligamentum Arteriosum on? What occurs here?
Definition
Left
Term
Path of Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve?
Definition
Courses deep and posterior to ligamentum arteriosum then it ascends posterior to the Aortic Arch
Term
How do the Phrenic Nerves enter the mediastinum?
Definition
Between the Subclavian Arteries and Veins
Term
What is the position of the Phrenic Nerves to the Vagus Nerves?
Definition
Phrenic is lateral to Vagus on both sides
Term
Path of Right Phrenic Nerve?
Definition
Courses lateral to the R Brachiocephalic Vein and SVC
Term
Relationship of Phrenic Nerves to the root of the lungs?
Definition
R and L Phrenic Nerves course with the Pericardiacophrenic Vessels lateral to the pericardium of the heart ventral to the roots of the lungs
Term
What is deep to the 1st part of the Aortic Arch?
Definition
Trachea
Term
What is the pericardium?
Definition
Serous sac that surrounds the heart
Term
Pericardium attachments?
Definition
Anteriorly: Sup. And Inf. Sternopericardial Attachments
Term
What are the 2 components of the pericardium?
Definition
Fibrous
Term
What is the fibrous layer?
Definition
External layer of pericardium
Term
What are the 2 components of the serous pericardium?
Definition
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
Term
What sinuses are found within the pericardial cavity?
Definition
Transverse Sinus
Term
Transverse Sinus Describe?
Definition
Transverse Sinus
Term
Oblique Sinus Describe?
Definition
Oblique Sinus
Term
What separates the 2 sinuses?
Definition
2 folds of pericardium
Term
What occurs to the pericardium at the great vessels?
Definition
At sternal angle, reflection from visceral to parietal pericardium occurs
Term
Base
Definition
Superiorly at level of 3rd rib, formed by great vessels
Term
Apex
Definition
Inferior and to the left, 5th intercostal space
Term
Anterior (Sternocostal) Surface
Definition
Ventral surface of heart composed of all 4 chambers
Term
Diaphragmatic Surface
Definition
Right and left ventricle resting on the Diaphragm
Term
Right Border
Definition
Right Atrium
Term
Left Border
Definition
Left Ventricle
Term
Inferior Margin
Definition
Separates the Sternocostal Surface from the Diaphragmatic Surface
Term
Posterior Surface
Definition
Left and Right Atria
Term
What are the major sulci on the surface of the heart?
Definition
Coronary Sulcus
Term
Origin
Definition
Right (Coronary) Cusp of Aortic Valve
Term
Path
Definition
Arises from right aortic sinus
Term
1st Branch, Location, Purpose
Definition
Sinoatrial Nodal Artery
Term
2nd Branch, Location, Vein, Purpose
Definition
Right Marginal Branch of Right Coronary A.
Term
Termination, Location, Vein, Purpose
Definition
Posterior Interventricular Artery
Term
What does the Posterior Interventricular Artery anastamose with at the apex of the heart?
Definition
Anterior Interventricular Branch of Left Coronary Artery
Term
What also anastomoses with the Right Coronary artery before descending the posterior interventricular sulcus?
Definition
Circumflex Artery (Branch of Left Coronary Artery)
Term
What branch of Right Coronary Artery penetrates into the interatrial septum at the upper end of the post. Interventricular sulcus?
Definition
Atrioventricular Nodal Artery
Term
Origin
Definition
Left (Coronary) cusp of Aortic Valve
Term
Path
Definition
Courses in coronary sulcus left of the Pulmonary Trunk and deep to left auricle
Term
Terminates into . . . . .
Definition
Anterior Interventricular Artery
Term
Where does this division occur?
Definition
Junction of the coronary and anterior interventricular sulcus
Term
Anterior Interventricular Artery
Definition
Sternocostal surfaces of both ventricles
Term
Supplies?
Definition
(Great Cardiac Vein)
Term
Vein?
Definition
Apex with anastomoses with Post. Interv. Artery
Term
Circumflex Artery
Definition
Continues in coronary sulcus
Term
Path?
Definition
Supplies Left Atrium and Left Ventricle
Term
Supplies?
Definition
Collateral anastomoses with Right Coronary Artery
Term
Smooth portion on posterior wall of the right Atrium?
Definition
Sinus Venarum
Term
Muscular portion of anterior wall?
Definition
Pectinate Muscles
Term
What separates the 2 areas listed above?
Definition
Terminal Crest
Term
What is the depressed area on the interatrial wall?
Definition
Fossa Ovalis
Term
What is the elevated superior margin of the fossa ovalis?
Definition
Limbus Fossa Ovalis
Term
Where is the atrioventricular node located?
Definition
Between the valve of the Coronary Sinus and the Atrioventricular aperture
Term
What is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Definition
Tricuspid Valve
Term
Name the cusps of the tricuspid valve?
Definition
Anterior Cusp
Term
What papillary Muscles are found in the RV?
Definition
Anterior Papillary Muscle
Term
What connects the papillary muscles to the valve cusps?
Definition
Chordae Tendineae
Term
What is the smooth-walled portion of the ventricle?
Definition
Conus Arteriosum
Term
What makes a majority of the ventricular wall?
Definition
Trabeculae Carnae
Term
What is just inferior to Conus Arteriosus and connects to the Anterior Papillary Muscle?
Definition
Moderator Band
Term
The moderator Band is apart of what?
Definition
Septomarginal Trabeculae
Term
Name the cusps of the pulmonary semilunar valve?
Definition
Anterior Cusp
Term
The Anterior Papillary Muscle is attached to what surface of the heart?
Definition
Sternocostal Surface
Term
The Posterior Papillary Muscle is attached to what surface of the heart?
Definition
Diaphragmatic Surface
Term
What enters the left atrium?
Definition
Left and Right Pulmonary Veins
Term
What papillary muscles are found in the left ventricle?
Definition
Anterior Papillary Muscle
Term
What is the atrioventricular valve found on the left side of the heart?
Definition
Mitral Valve
Term
Name the cusps.
Definition
Anterior Cusp
Term
Name the cusps of the Aortic Semilunar Valve.
Definition
Right (Coronary) Cusp
Term
What initiates contraction?
Definition
Sinoatrial Node
Term
Where is the SA node located?
Definition
At the base of the SVC
Term
What sends out the second signal?
Definition
Atrioventricular Node
Term
Where is the AV Node located?
Definition
In the interatrial wall between the coronary sinus and the right atrioventricular opening
Term
What is the path of the AV Node?
Definition
Leads to the atrioventricular bundle which divides into left and right cura (bundle branches)
Term
When the pulmonary trunk divides, what is its relationship to the aorta?
Definition
Divides inferior to aortic arch at the plane of the sternal angle into right and left pulmonary arteries
Term
Left Pulmonary Artery Path?
Definition
Course ventral to the thoracic aorta and arches over the left main bronchus to enter the left lung
Term
Right Pulmonary Artery Path?
Definition
Crosses posterior to ascending aorta and SVC to enter right lung ventral to main bronchus
Term
In root of lung what is the relationship of Pulmonary Arteries to Pulmonary Veins?
Definition
Pulmonary Veins are ventral and inferior to the Pulmonary Arteries
Term
Path of Left Pulmonary Vein?
Definition
Crosses ventral to thoracic aorta
Term
Path of Right Pulmonary Vein?
Definition
Posterior to SVC and right atrium
Term
Where does the trachea bifurcate?
Definition
At the level of the sternal angle
Term
Describe Right Main Bronchus.
Definition
Larger
Term
Describe Left Main Bronchus.
Definition
Deep to aortic arch
Term
What part of the pleura is inferior to the root of the lung?
Definition
Pulmonary Ligament
Term
Name the lobes of the Right Lung.
Definition
Superior Lobe
Term
Name the fissures of the Right Lung.
Definition
Horizontal Fissure
Term
Right Lung: Artery v. Bronchus
Definition
Pul. Artery is ventral to bronchus
Term
Name the divisions of the right main bronchus.
Definition
Superior Lobar Bronchus
Term
Name the lobes of the Left Lung.
Definition
Superior Lobe
Term
Name the fissures of the Left Lung.
Definition
Oblique Fissure
Term
Left Lung: Artery v. Bronchus
Definition
Artery is superior to bronchus
Term
Name the divisions of the Left Main Bronchus.
Definition
Superior Lobar Bronchus
Term
The esophagus enters the posterior mediastinum just posterior to what structure at the level of the sternal angle?
Definition
Trachea Bifurcation
Term
What is the relationship of the esophagus and the thoracic aorta?
Definition
The thoracic aorta is posterior and to the left of the esophagus
Term
Where does the esophagus exit the Posterior Mediastinum?
Definition
Esophageal Hiatus
Term
Entrance of Vagus Nerves.
Definition
Enter posterior to root of lung
Term
Left Vagus Nerve on esophagus.
Definition
Passes to the anterior surface of the esophagus
Term
Right Vagus Nerve on esophagus.
Definition
Passes mostly posterior to esophagus
Term
The esophageal plexus forms what on the surface of the esophagus as it passes into the abdomen?
Definition
Anterior Vagal Trunk
Term
What do the Ant. and Post. Vagal Trunks do?
Definition
Distribute Parasympathetic to the viscera of abdomen
Term
How does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?
Definition
Through the esophageal hiatus
Term
Where does the descending thoracic aorta begin?
Definition
T4 or T5
Term
What branches from the descending aorta?
Definition
Bronchial, Esophageal, Posterior Intercostal, Subcostal, and Superior Phrenic Arteries
Term
# of pairs of Posterior Intercostal Arteries?
Definition
9
Term
How does the aorta pass through the diaphragm? Level? What passes with it?
Definition
Aortic Hiatus
Term
What is the primary venous drainage of the Thorax?
Definition
Axygos System of Veins
Term
Where is the azygos vein located?
Definition
Right posterior thoracic wall
Term
What forms the Azygos Vein?
Definition
Junction of the ascending Lumbar and Right Subcostal Veins
Term
Where does the azygos vein terminate?
Definition
The Azygos Arch terminates in the SVC posteriorly
Term
Path of the Azygos Arch?
Definition
Curves over the root of the right lung
Term
What does the Accessory Hemiazygos Vein form? Terminates where?
Definition
Forms the Left Superior Intercostal Vein
Term
What role does the Azygos system play in collateral circulation?
Definition
Collateral flow between the superior and inferior vena cava
Term
What is the Thoracic Duct?
Definition
Large terminal Lyphatic vessel
Term
What does the Thoracic Duct drain?
Definition
All lymph from body inferior to diaphragm and left side of body superior to the diaphragm
Term
How does the Thoracic Duct pass through the diaphragm?
Definition
Aortic Hiatus
Term
Where does the Thoracic Duct terminate?
Definition
At the junction of the Left Subclavian Vein and the Internal Jugular Vein
Term
What provides collateral circulation between the Aorta and Subclavian Arteries?
Definition
Anterior and Posterior Intercostal Arteries
Term
How can you tell the difference between gray and white rami communcantes?
Definition
White rami is more lateral
Term
What Splanchnic Nerves arise from the Thoracic Chain Ganglia? What Ganglia?
Definition
Greater Splanchnic Nerve: T5-T9
Term
White Rami is pre or post ganglionic?
Definition
Preganglionic
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