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Anatomy
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66
Anatomy
Not Applicable
01/13/2012

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Cards

Term
What does the respiratory remove from blood stream?
Definition
Carbon Dioxide
Term
What does the respiratory system add to the blood stream?
Definition
Oxygen
Term
How does the respiratory system aid sound production and vocalization?
Definition
Expired air passes over the vocal cords.
Term
How does the respiratory system keep air passages clear?
Definition
Enables coughing and sneezing.
Term
What are two balances the respiratory system controls?
Definition
Acid-base balance and blood pH
Term
Define Pulmonary ventilation.
Definition
Movement of air into the lungs (inspiration) and movement of air out of lungs (expiration)
Term
Define external respiration
Definition
Movement of oxygen from lungs to the blood and movement of carbon dioxide from blood to lungs
Term
Transport of respiratory gases
Definition
Transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and transport of carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
Term
Define internal respiration
Definition
Movement of oxygen from blood to the tissue cells and movement of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood
Term
Nose relation to respiration
Definition
Provides and airway for respiration
Term
The nose does this to entering air
Definition
Warms and moistens it also filters and cleans it
Term
How does the nose help speech?
Definition
Provides a resonating chamber for speech
Term
Function of nose
Definition
detects odor in airstream
Term
Vibrissae (nose hair)
Definition
Stiff hairs that filter large particles from the air
Term
Nasal Cilia
Definition
Hair like projections that propel trapped particles for digestion by digestive enzymes
Term
Capillaries
Definition
rich supply of capillaries warm the air
Term
Nasal Conchae
Definition
Folds in the mucous membrane increases air turbelance and ensures that most air comes into contace with the mucous membrane
Term
Olfactory mucosa
Definition
mucous membranes that contain nose receptors
Term
Respiratory mucosa
Definition
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium containing goblet cells that secrete mucus
Term
pseudostratified
Definition
of, relating to, or being an epithelium consisting of closely packed cells which appear to be arranged in layers but all of which are in fact attached to the basement membrane
Term
Mucus
Definition
Stickiness traps inhaled particles and Lysozyme kills bacteria
Term
Lymphocytes and IgA antibodies
Definition
protect against bacteria
Term
Three regions of the pharynx
Definition
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx
Term
Nasopharynx
Definition
air passage (pseudostratified columnar epithelium)
Term
Oropharynx
Definition
passageway for air, food, and drink (stratified squamous epithelium)
Term
Laryngopharynx
Definition
passageway for air, food, and drink (stratified squamous epithelium)
Term
Larynx
Definition
voice box
Term
Larynx and air passage
Definition
Keeps food and drink out of airway
Term
Larynx and speech
Definition
sound production
Term
Larynx and abdominals
Definition
Acts as a sphincter during abdominal straining (ex. During defecation and heavy lifting)
Term
Nine c-rings
Definition
of hyaline cartilage form the framework of the larynx
Term
Muscular Walls
Definition
aid in voice production and the swallowing reflex
Term
Glottis
Definition
the superior opening of the larynx
Term
Epiglottis
Definition
Prevents food and drink from entering the airway when swallowing
Term
False vocal cords
Definition
aid in closing glottis when swallowing
Term
True vocal cords
Definition
produce sound when air passes between them
Term
Trachea
Definition
windpipe cleans warms, and moistens incoming air
Term
rings of hyaline cartilage
Definition
Reinforce the trachea and keep it from collapsing when you inhale
Term
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
Definition
traps inhaled debris and propels mucus up to the pharynx where it is swallowed
Term
Bronchi
Definition
Solely and air passage
Term
Left and right primary bronchi
Definition
branch off from trachea Once the left and right primary bronchi enter the lungs they are subdivided into smaller tubes
Term
Secondary bronchi
Definition
first subdivision of the primary bronchi
Term
alveoli
Definition
the site of gas exchange
Term
Type I alveolar cells
Definition
allow for difusion of gases (simple squamous epithelia)
Term
Type II alveolar cells
Definition
secrete surfactant (simple cuboidal epithelia)
Term
Dust cells
Definition
alveolar macrophages (leukocytes)
Term
Smooth muscle ring
Definition
aid in resistance to air flow
Term
Elastic connective tissue fibers
Definition
aid in expelling air from the lungs
Term
Left Lung
Definition
Divided into 2 lobes,Smaller than the right lung because the cardiac notch accomodates the heart
Term
Right Lung
Definition
3 lobes
Term
What happens when lungs are diseased
Definition
Serous membranes cover the entire surface of the lungs and produce pleural fluid which enables the lungs to expand and contract with minimal friction
Term
Two phases of pulmonary ventilation
Definition
involves diaphragm, Intercostal muscles, Pectoralis minor mucscle and the gas laws.
Term
Physiology of Pulmonary
Definition
Airflow is governed by basic pressure, flow, and resistance principles Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air is the force that moves air into the lungs
Term
Boyle's Law
Definition
at constant temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume
Term
Charles' Law
Definition
the volume of a given quantity of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature As the inhaled air is warmed, it expands and inflates the lungs.
Term
Inspiration, or inhalation
Definition
a very active process that requires input of energy Air flows into the lungs when the thoracic pressure falls below atmospheric pressure.
The diaphragm moves downward and flattens, when stimulated by phrenic nerves
Term
External (inspiratory)
Definition
intercostals muscles and thoracic muscles can be stimulated to contract and expand the thoracic cavity.
Term
Expiration, or exhalation
Definition
a passive process that takes advantage of the recoil properties of elastic fibers Air is forced out of the lungs when the thoracic pressure rises above atmospheric pressure. The diaphragm and expiratory muscles relax. The elasticity of the lungs and the thoracic cage allows them to return to their normal size and shape. To exhale more than usual, internal (expiratory) intercostals muscles and other muscles can be stimulated.
Term
Resistance to airflow
Definition
Physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation
Term
Pulmonary Compliance
Definition
– the ease at which lungs expand. Compliance can be reduced by degenerative lung disease, such as tuberculosis.
Term
Diameter of bronchioles
Definition
controlled by smooth muscles
Term
Bronchoconstriction
Definition
reduce airflow
Term
Bronchodialation
Definition
increase airflow
Term
Alveolar surface tension
Definition
surfactant reduces the surface tension in the alveoli and keep them from collapsing during expiration.
Term
Neural control of pulmonary ventilation
Definition
Physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation
Term
Respiratory control centers
Definition
found in the pons and the medulla oblongata
Control breathing
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