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Anatomy
Endocrine
27
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
11/10/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

The characteristics of hormones are based on:

__________

and

______________

Definition

steroids (lipid based)

and 

proteins (amino acids)

Term
Define receptor site
Definition
site on cells that react to hormone
Term
Define target tissue
Definition
groups of cells with receptor sites that react to hormone
Term
What are the 3 mechanisms of hormone control?
Definition

negative feedback systems

secrete in response to other hormones

nervous stimulation

Term
How does the hypothalamus influence the anterior pituitary?
Definition
Secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones into anterior pituitary
Term
How does the hypothalamus influence the posterior pituitary?
Definition
Secretes hormones directly into blood stream here
Term
To maintain homeostasis your body needs more thyroid hormone released...what part of your brain will send the necessary signal to your pituitary?  What hormone is secreted?
Definition

hypothalamus

 

thyroid releasing hormone

Term
What part of the pituitary will secrete the thyroid releasing hormone to maintain homeostasis in the body?
Definition
anterior pituitary
Term
What is the hormone secreted by the pituitary and what other endocrine gland will it cause to secrete the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)?
Definition

thyroid releasing hormone

 

thyroid gland

Term
What are the three principle effects that thyroid hormones have?
Definition

  • regulate metabolism
  • necessary for growth and development
  • stimulate nervous system

Term
What three endocrine glands will secrete hormones to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance?
Definition

 

  • posterior pituitary
  • adrenal cortex
  • atrial wall

 

Term
What are the two types of cells found in the Islands of Langerhans and what do they secrete?
Definition

  • alpha cells: Glucagon (raises blood sugar)
  • beta cells: insulin (lowers blood sugar)

Term
What two hormones will regulate the calcium and levels in the blood?
Definition

calcitonin

 

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Term
What gland produces calcitonin?
Definition
thyroid
Term
What gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Definition
Parathyroid
Term

Which gland belongs to both the lymphatic system and the endocrine system?

 

What is its endocrine function?

Definition

Thymus

 

T-cell development

Term

How does FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) effect females

and

males?

Definition

  •  

  • females: estrogen & progesterone activity and development of ova
  • males: testosterone activity and development of sperm

Term
What is the effect of prolactin and where is it produced?
Definition

stimulates mammary gland during pregnancy for development for lactation

 

anterior pituitary gland

Term
List the endocrine glands that the pituitary will stimulate to secrete.
Definition

  • thyroid
  • adrenal
  • testes
  • ovaries

Term
What hormones are secreted in response to stress (fight or flight mechanism) and where are they produced?
Definition

epinephrine and norepinephrine

 

adrenal medulla

Term
What is the action of Glucocorticoids?
Definition

regulate nutrient levels in the blood

 

anti-inflammatory characteristics

Term
Where are Glucocorticoids produced?
Definition
outermost region of adrenal cortex
Term
What part of the adrenal will secrete small amounts of androgens and estrogens?
Definition
Gonadocorticoids
Term
Which endocrine glands are also exocrine glands?
Definition

ovaries

testes

pancreas

Term
What hormone does the posterior pituitary excrete?
Definition
antidiuretic hormone
Term
What hormone does the adrenal cortex secrete?
Definition
mineralocoricoids
Term
What hormone does the atrial wall secrete?
Definition
atriopetin
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