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Anatomy
Lymph
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
11/10/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Describe the order of lymph flow
Definition

lymph capillaries-->

lymphatic vessels-->

lymphatic trunks-->

lymphatic ducts-->

right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct

Term
Where does the lymph produce come from?
Definition
interstitial fluid in the blood
Term
List 3 functions of the lymphatic system
Definition

return excess interstitial fluid to blood

absorb fat and vitamins from GI tract

protect body against foreign pathogens

Term
Where are the lacteals located?
Definition
the GI tract
Term
List the 3 main regions (superficial) where lymph nodes tend to cluster and their location
Definition

inguinal (groin)

axillary (armpit)

cervical (neck)

Term

What does the afferent vessel do?

 

efferent?

Definition

afferent: enters node

efferent: leaves node

Term
What is the function of the lymph node?
Definition
filter and cleanse lymph before it enters blood
Term
Name the 2 lymphatic ducts
Definition

Right lymphatic duct

 

Thoracic duct

Term
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain from?
Definition
Drains lymph from RUQ
Term
Where does the right lymphatic duct empty?
Definition
Empties into right subclavian vein
Term
What does the thoracic duct drain?
Definition
the rest of the body (not including RUQ:right lymphatic duct)
Term
Where does the thoracic duct empty into?
Definition
Empties into left subclavian vein
Term
What aids the flow of lymph?
Definition

muscular activity:

breathing

muscle contraction

peristalsis

Term
What is the function of the thymus?
Definition
Processing and maturation of T lymphocytes (T cells)
Term
When is the thymus at its largest and when does it begin to shrink?
Definition

Largest in infants and children

 

Decreases in size after puberty

Term
What is the function of the spleen?
Definition

filters blood: removes old and damaged erythrocytes (red blood cells) from circulation

 

can act as a reservoir for blood

Term
What is white pulp?
Definition
Lymphatic tissue consisting mainly of lymphocytes around arteries
Term
What is red pulp?
Definition
Consists of venous sinuses filled with blood and cords of lymphatic cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages
Term
List the 3 tonsils and their location
Definition
  • Palatine: "the tonsils"--lateral wall of oropharynx
  • Pharyngeal: "Adenoids"--posterior wall of nasopharynx
  • Lingual: posterior surface of tongue
Term
What is the purpose of the tonsils?
Definition

to trap bacteria

 

provide protection against pathogens entering nose or mouth

Term
Where are B-lymphocytes produced?
Definition
released by bone marrow
Term
What is the function of B-lymphocytes?
Definition
Responsible for production of antibodes that react with the antigen or substances produced by the antigen
Term
Where are T-lymphocytes produced?
Definition
released by bone marrow
Term
Where do T-lymphocytes mature?
Definition
thymus
Term
What is the function of T-lymphocytes?
Definition

attack specific antigens

 

cell-mediated immunity

Term
List 4 non-specific defense mechanisms and 2 examples of each
Definition
  • barriers: skin, mucous membrane
  • chemical: proteins in plasma, lysozomes
  • phagocytosis: macrophages, neutrophils
  • inflammation: localized, systemic
Term
What is an autoimmune disease?
Definition

the body fails to recognize its own antigens and attacks itself

 

ex: MS, rheumatoid arthritis

Term
What is cell-mediated immunity?
Definition
T-cells are alerted to and directly attack the foreign antigen, which develops defense for now and future
Term
What is antibody mediated immunity?
Definition
B cells are responsible for the production of antibodies that react with the antigen or substances produced by the antigen
Term
List 4 different types of acquired immunity
Definition
  • Active natural immunity
  • Active artificial immunity
  • Passive natural immunity
  • Passive artificial immunity
Term
What is meant by genetic immunity?
Definition

Result of our DNA

 

pathogens can cause disease in specific hosts

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