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| closer to the point of attachment |
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| farther from the point of attachment |
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| When using the terms proximal and distal, what body parts are being talked about? |
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| The limbs (arms and legs) |
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| The study of locations, appearances, and relationships |
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| What questions are asked about anatomy? |
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| What questions are asked with physiology? |
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| What other sciences are used in physiology? |
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| Physics, Math, and Chemistry |
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| Divides the body into sections |
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| What plane divides anterior and posterior? |
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| What plane divides right and left? |
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| What does mid sagittal mean? |
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| Equal parts of right and left |
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| What plane divides superior and inferior? |
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| What are the types of tissues? |
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| Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous |
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| What does the Epithelial tissue do? |
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| Covers or lines every organ |
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| What does connective tissue do? |
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| What does muscular tissue do? |
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| What does nervous tissue do? |
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| How many tissues are in an organ? |
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| How many systems are there? |
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| What is the skeletal system made up of? |
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| Bones (petalla and Humerus) and tissues (epithelial and Connective) |
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| What does the skeletal system do? |
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| Provides support, movement, mineral storage, and protection |
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| What is the muscular system made up of? |
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| Muscle (biceps and quads) and Tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular) |
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| What does the muscular system do? |
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| What is the Integumentary system made up of? |
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| Skin and tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous) |
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| What does the Integumentary do? |
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| Protects from the elements |
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| What is the Nervous system made up of? |
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| Brain and spinal cord and tissues ( nervous, connective, and epithelial) |
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| What does the nervous system do? |
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| sends electrical messages |
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| What is the endocrine system made up of? |
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| Thyroid, stomach, pancreas, gonads, and tissues (epithelial, connective, and nervous) |
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| What does the endocrine system do? |
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| What is the cardiovascular system made up of? |
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| Heart and blood vessels, and tissues (muscle, epithelial, connective, and nervous) |
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| What does the cardiocascular system do? |
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| Moves blood throughout the body |
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| What is the lymphatic system made up of? |
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| Bone(marrow), lymph nodes, spleen, and tissues (connective and epithelial) |
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| What does the lymphatic system do? |
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| What is the respiratory system made up of? |
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| Lungs, trachea, and tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous) |
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| What does the respiratory system do? |
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| What is the digestive system made up of? |
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| Stomach, small intestine, liver, and tissues (epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous) |
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| What is the excretory system made up of? |
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| Kidneys, urinary bladder, and tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous) |
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| What does the excretory system do? |
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| Cleans blood and removes waste |
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| What is the reproductive system made up of? |
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| gonads, ovaries, testies, and tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous) |
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| What does the reproductive system do? |
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| Production of new individuals |
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| What cavities are in the dorsal cavity? |
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| The Cranial and Vertebral cavities contain what? |
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| The brain and spinal cord |
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| What cavities are in the ventral cavities? |
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| Thoracic, pleural, pericardial, and mediastinum |
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| What is in the Thoracic cavity? |
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| What is in the pleural cavity? |
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| What is in the pericardial cavity? |
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| What is in the mediastinum cavity? |
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| What separates the ventral cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? |
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| What is in the abdominal cavity? |
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| Stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, etc. |
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| What is in the pelvic cavity? |
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| Bladder, reproductive organs |
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| All of the chemical reactions in the body |
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| Reactions that build molecules (proteins, carbs, and fats) |
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| Reactions that break down molecules |
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| The increase in size by INCREASING THE SIZE OF CELLS |
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| What is an example of hypertrophy |
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| The increase in size by ADDING TO THE NUMBER OF CELLS |
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| What is an example of atrophy? |
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| Decrease in size (broken bone arm compared to healthy arm) |
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| The INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT of the body is kept RELATIVELY STABLE. (A state without change) |
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| To maintain homeostasis, what does the body have to do? |
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| Internal environment + the body constantly changing = ???? |
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Where is the hypothalamus, and what does it
do? |
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| Brain region keeps a stable temp. (like a thermostat) |
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| What is the body's maintained temperature? |
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| What are the three ways to stay cool? |
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| Sweating, blood moves to the skin superficially, panting |
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| How does sweat cool the body? |
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| When the water evaporates it releases the heat |
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| What has to happen to let the sweat turn to gas? |
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| The H-bonds have to have enough NRG to break allowing the water turn to vapor |
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| What allows molecules to move fast? |
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| Who does sweat benifit more and why? |
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| Females because females produce smaller drops due to a thicker layer of subcutanous fat |
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| What is sweat's real name? |
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| What fat does the blood move to when trying to cool? |
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| What does the blood vessels opening cause when hot? |
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| Skin to become flush (red) |
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| How do dogs release heat? |
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| How does panting release heat? |
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| Releases heat with exhale |
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| Where does the evaportive cooling take place in animals? |
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| When cold what are the 3 ways to stay warm? |
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| Goosebumps, shivering, and blood moves deep to subcuntaeous fat |
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| Erector pili muscles contract causing hair to stand up causing the warm air to be trapped near the skin |
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| Goosebumps work best for what? |
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| Animals due to more hair and act as a double function when threatened |
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| All muscles contract in skin to create heat |
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| How is the NRG in contracting seperated? (think percent) |
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| How does vasocontriction work? (blood moving deep) |
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| Moves the blood deep to subcutounous fat and keeping the heat inside the body towards the core |
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| What is subcutounous fat? |
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| When heat is moving towards the core in vasocontriction, what is sacrified? |
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| Ears, nose, fingers, toes (frost bite) |
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