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Anatomy
Quiz #1
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
08/14/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
cardiology
Definition
The study of the heart and its diseases.
Term
cytology
Definition

The study of the structure, function and diseases of cells.

 

Term
dermatology
Definition
The study of the skin and its diseases.
Term
epidemiology
Definition
The study of the factors determining the distribution and frequency of the occurrence of health-related conditions within a defined human population.
Term
geriatrics
Definition
Branch of medicine dealing with the elderly persons and their medical problems.
Term
gerontology
Definition
The study of the process of aging and the various problems of elderly persons.
Term
histology
Definition

 

The study of structure and function of tissues.

Term
neonatology
Definition
The study of newborn infants and the treatment of their disorders.
Term
obstetrics
Definition
Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth.
Term
pharmacology
Definition
The study of drugs and their uses in the treatment of diseases.
Term
psychiatry
Definition
Branch of medicine dealing with the mind and its disorders.
Term
toxicology
Definition
The study of poisonous substances and their effects on body parts.
Term
acidosis
Definition

A condition of too many hydrogen ions

(i.e. pH below 7.35) in the blood.

Term
alkalosis
Definition

A condition of too few hydrogen ions

(i.e. pH above 7.45) in the blood.

Term
ionizing radiation
Definition

Radiation that causes atoms to ionize,

e.g., radioisotopes and X-rays.

Term
ketosis
Definition
A form of acidosis resulting from excessive ketones in the blood due to an incomplete breakdown of lipids. Often occurs during starvation and acute attacks of diabetes mellitus.
Term
anaplasia
Definition
The alteration of cells to more embryonic (undifferentiated) form, often seen  in cancer cells.
Term
dialysis
Definition
The process of separating smaller solute molecules from larger ones in a solution by means of diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane. This process is used in artificial kidneys to cleanse the blood of metabolic wastes.
Term
dysplasia
Definition
Abnormal development of tissue.
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
An increase in the size of an organ or muscle due to an increase in the size of the cells. This is the normal response of muscles to weightlifting.
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
An increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to an increase in the number of cells.
Term
liposomes
Definition
Hollow microscopic sacs formed of phospholipids that can be filled with a variety of drugs.
Term
mutation
Definition
A change in the DNA base sequence leading to incorporation of "incorrect" amino acids in particular positions in the resulting protein. This may (or may not) impair or stop the protein's normal functioning and may cause disease.
Term
necrosis
Definition
Death of a cell or group of cells due to injury or disease.
Term
deletion
Definition
Chromosomal aberration in which part of a chromosome is lost.
Term
Down syndrome
Definition
Also known as mongolism, this condition ususally reflects the presence of an extra autosome (i.e., trisomy of chromosome 21). Children born with this may have slightly slanted eyes and flattened facial features, a tendency towards short stature and may be mentally retarded.
Term
nondisjunction
Definition
An abnormal segragation of chromosomes during meiosis, resulting in gametes receiving two or no copies of a particular chromosome, which upon fertilization can result in monosomy or trisomy of that chromosome.
Term
adrenoleukodystrophy
Definition
An inherited disorder in which certain fatty acids accumulate and thereby cause seizures, nervous system degeneration and death in childhood.
Term
albinism
Definition
An inherited disorder in which the melanin pigment is not produced in the skin or the hair.
Term
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Definition
An inherited disorder that causes the progressive weakening of the muscles, beginning in adulthood.
Term
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Definition
An inherited disorder in which the lack of dystrophin protein causes the skeletal muscle cells to collapse, thus destroying muscles.
Term
Huntington disease
Definition
An inherited disorder which, upon reaching adulthood, is seen as a loss of coordination, having uncontrollable movements and even personality changes.
Term
Menkes disease
Definition
An inherited disorder in which the body cells cannot utilize copper and thus causes twisted hair, weak arteries, scurvy, poor growth and brain degeneration.
Term
polydactyly
Definition
An inherited disorder wherein the person has extra digits (i.e., extra fingers or toes).
Term
progeria
Definition
An inherited disorder in which the person appears to go through extreme premature aging during childhood.
Term
xeroderma pigmentosum
Definition
An inherited disorder in which a DNA repair mechanism is missing which leads to freckling and a high risk of getting skin cancer.
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