Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy
N/A
156
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/05/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Red collar
4x objective
Definition
Scanning Power Objective
Term
Yellow Collar
10x
Definition
Low-Power Objective
Term
bring slide into focus by bringing stage closer
Definition
coarse adjustment knob
Term
Blue Collar
40x
Definition
High-powered objective
Term
White collar
100x
Definition
Immersion lens
Term
Imersion Oil is necessary for...
Definition
1) more clearity
2) avoid the glass scraping
Term
controls the angle at which light approaches
Definition
Iris Diaphragm control lever
Term
eye pieces
Definition
occular lens
Term
concentrates light
Definition
condenser
Term
Once an object is in focus at lower magnification it will remain in focus at higher mag
Definition
parafocal
Term
collection of procedures used in Microbiology that prevent contamination of cultures 
Definition
Aseptic technique
Term
used for transporting microorganisms from one place to another
Definition
Inoculating loop
Term
difference between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic
Definition
Prokaryotic is smaller
no true nucleus
no organelles
Term
highly organized jelly-caoting 
(helps stick to environment)
also provides protection
Definition
Capsule
Term
study of microorganisms
Definition
microbiology
Term
4 groups of microorganisms
Definition
Protozoa
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Term
[image]
Definition
Bacillus
Term
[image]
Definition
coccus
Term
[image]
Definition
Sparillum
Term
[image]
Definition
Capsules
Term
generated to survive in harsh conditions
"reanimate itself"
Definition
Endospores
Term
a population of bacterial cells that arose from a single cell
Definition
Bacterial colony
Term
Microscope used to view bacterial colonies
Definition
Binocular dissecting microscopes
Term
positively charged dye is used to stain an organism
Definition
simple staining
Term
deep purple dye used in staining is...
Definition
crystal violet
Term
shape of red blood cells
Definition
biconcave
Term
in red blood cells, bind oxygen and carbon dioxide
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
function of red blood cells
Definition

transportation of gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

throughout the body

Term
Mature RBCS lack what two things
Definition
-nuclei
-mitochondria
Term
become less and less active  over time
live about 120 days
Definition
Red Blood Cells
Term
Two major categories of Red Blood Cells
Definition
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
Term
Red Blood cells (RBC's) are also called what?
Definition
Leukocytes
Term
3 types of Granulocytes
Definition

-Neutrophils
-Eosinophils

-Basophils 

Term
[image]
Definition
Neutrophils
Term
[image]
Definition
Eosinophils
Term
[image]
Definition
basophils
Term
[image]
Definition
Monocytes
Term
[image]
Definition

lymphocytes

 

Term
Most abundant RBC
Function: Phagocytize bacteria
Definition
Neutrophils
Term
RBC function: Kill parasitic works, inactivate inflammatory chemicals during allergic reaction
Definition
Eosinophils
Term
Function: Release Histamine and Heparin
Definition
Basophils
Term
Function: causes inflamation
Definition
histamine
Term
Function: an anticoagulant
Definition
Heparin
Term
2 types of Agranulocytes
Definition
-Monocytes
-Lymphocytes
Term
Largest WBC
Function: Phagocytize bacteria/dead or dying cells/ debris
Definition
Monocytes
Term
Monocytes change to ___ when active
Definition
Macrophage
Term
Lymphocytes have 2 major types, what are they?
Definition
-T cells
-B cells
Term
directly attack forign cells
Definition
T cells
Term
produce antibodies against foreign cells and proteins
Definition
B cells
Term
Involved in blood clotting
Definition
Platelets
Term
Platelets arise from ____
Definition
megokaryocytes
Term
[image]
Definition
Platelets
Term
generic name for cell surface protein or other component that may induce an immune response
Definition
Antigen
Term

Clumping of RBC's due to interaction of antigens and antibodies

Definition
Agglutination
Term
during Agglutination....
Definition
red blood cells burst, release hemoglobin and cause kidney failure
Term
Rh factor comes from...
Definition
Rhesus Monkey
Term
condition of fetus that is Rh+ and being carried by mother who ise RH-
fatal to fetus
Definition
Eryythroblastosis fetalis
Term
within the male testes, the formation of sperm cells take place in the
Definition
Seminiferous tubules
Term
The portion of the blastocyst that gives rise to the embyro is known as
Definition
Inner Cell Mass
Term
female structure homologous to the male penis is
Definition
the clitoris
Term
divides the testes into lobules
Definition
Septa
Term
cells that produce sperm
Definition
Spermatogonia
Term
produce male sex hormones
Definition
interstitial cells
Term
testes descend through the ______ canal into the scrotum via ______________ action
Definition
inguinal, gubernaculum
Term
head of sperm contains:
Definition
Chromosomes and acrosome
Term
midpiece of sperm contains:
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
Function: Sperm maturation and storage.
Definition
Epidiymis
Term

[image]n

number 2

Definition
Epididymis
Term
Ductus Deferns is part of the...
Definition
Ejaculatory duct
Term
Ductus Deferens dialtes into an ____ near its termination
Definition
ampulla
Term
attatches to ductus deferens
Secretes alkaline fluid
Definition
Seminal Vesicle
Term
Prostate Gland secretes...
Definition
Alkaline fluid
Term
Secretes mucus-like fluid used for lubrication during sexual intercourse
Definition
bulbourethral gland
Term
sac that contains the testes
Definition
scrotum
Term
_____ and ______ move the scrotume closer or farther from body
Definition
Dartos and cremaster muscle
Term
Conveys both urine and semen via urethra
Definition
penis
Term
Shaft has three colums of erectile tissue ______ (makes up pair) and ________
Definition
Corpus cavernosa, corpus spongiosum
Term

covers the glans penis

Definition
Prepuce/foreskin
Term
[image]
Definition
sperm
Term
contains blood and lymphatic vessels
Definition
Medulla
Term
contains ovarian follicles
Definition
Cortex
Term
3 Ovary attatchments:
Definition
Broad ligament
suspensory ligament
Ovarian ligament
Term
ligament that holds ovary in place
Definition
broad ligament
Term
holds ovary at its upper end
Definition
suspensory ligament
Term
attaches ovary to uterus at its lower end
Definition
Ovarian Ligament
Term
contain primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells
Definition
primorial follicles
Term
mature follicle swells rapidly, appears as blister on ovary and ruptures so the oocyte is released
Definition
Ovulation
Term
_____ movement and ______ contratctions move the egg down the tube towards uterus
Definition
Ciliary, peristaltic
Term
Uterus wall composed of 3 layers:
Definition
Endometrium (innermost)
myometrium (Muscular)
Perimetrium
Term
upper two thirds of uterus constitues the _____ and lower third is the _____
Definition
body, cervix
Term
extends from the uterus to the outside and is posterior to the urethra
Definition
Vagina
Term
Protect other external reproductive organs
Homologous to male scrotum
Definition
Labia Majora
Term
hood-like covering over clitoris
Definition
Labia Minora
Term
Space inclosed by labia Minora
Homologous to male bulbourethral gland
Provides most sexual lubrication
Definition
Vesitbule
Term
Surrounds nipple, area of pigmented skin
Definition
Areola
Term
located in female breast within the subcutaneous tissue
Definition
mammary glands
Term
an increase in size through an increase in cell numbers/enlargement of cells
Definition
Growth
Term
continual process of changing from one life phase to the other
Definition
Development
Term
when sperm reach the egg cell it must penetrate the outter layers of the _____ and bind to the ______
Definition
Corona radiata, zona pellucida
Term
lysosomes release enzymes that cause the zona pellucida to harden preventing_____
Definition
Polyspermy
Term
egg completes _____ once sperm penetrates it
Definition
Meiosis II
Term
process of cellular division the produces genetically identical cells
Definition
Mitosis
Term
when mitosis doubles the number of cells formed is called:
Definition
Cleavage
Term
cells produced by cleavage
Definition
blastomeres
Term
once the embryo reaches the uterus it is called _____ (a solid ball of 16 cells)
Definition
Morula
Term
a Morula gives rise to a ____
Definition
blastocyst
Term
the wall of the blastocys, gives rise to support structures like placenta
Definition
Trophoblast
Term
When the blastocyst digests away some of the endometrial tissue and sinks into the depression
Definition
Implantation
Term
trophoblasts secret the hormone ______
Definition
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Term
a two layer structure that develps from trophoblast and forms outermost covering of the embryo, also helps form the placenta
Definition
Chorion
Term
functions in exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between maternal and fetal blood (6th week)
Definition
Placenta
Term
lasts from end of 2nd week until end of 8th week
Definition
Embryonic Stage
Term
embyronic disk (inner cell mass) is made up of what two layers
Definition
ectoderm and endoderm
Term
process that forms a third layer of cells called mesoderm
Definition
Gastrulation
Term
3 primary germ layers
Definition
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Term
primary germ layer that gives rise to nervous system and intergumentary system
Definition
Ectoderm
Term
primary germ layer that gives rise to epithelial linings of digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary bladder and urethra
Definition
Endoderm
Term
primary germ layer that gives rise to muscle tissues, bond marrow, blood, kidneys, internal reproductive organs
Definition
Mesoderm
Term
attatches the embryo and the developing placenta
Definition
Connecting stalk
Term
a tube extending from the yolk sac into the connecting stalk of the embryo and forms blood cells and umbulical arteries and veins
Definition
allantois
Term
umbilical cord forms with 2_____ and 1____
Definition
umbilical arteries, umbilical vein
Term
Anterior Pituitary gland secrets what 6 hormones?
Definition
Growth hormonee (GH)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
Term
Posterior pitutary gland secrets what 2 hormones?
Definition
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone
Term
Thyroid Gland secretes what 3 hormones?
Definition
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcatonin
Term
Adrenal Medulla secretes what 2 hormones?
Definition
Epinephrine
norepinephrine
Term
Adrenal Cortex secretes what 3 hormones?
Definition
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Adrenal Andorgens and estrogens
Term
Pancreas Secretes what 3 hormones?
Definition
Glucagon
Insulin
Somatosin
Term
Pineal Gland secrets what hormone?
Definition
Melatonin
Term
Thymus gland secrets what 3 hormones?
Definition
Thymic factor
Thymosins
Thymopoietins
Term
Ovaries Secrete what 2 hormones
Definition
Estrogen
Progesterone
Term
Testes secrete what hormone?
Definition
Testosterone
Term
Growth Hormone function:
Definition
Stimulates cell division; regulates metabolism
Term
thyroid-stimulating hormone function:
Definition
Stimulates normal development, growth and secretory action of the thyroid gland
Term
Function of Prolactin
Definition
Stimulates breast milk production
Term
Lutenizing hormone function:
Definition
Females: Stimulates ovulation and production of estrogen and progesterone.

Males: Stimulates testosterone production
Term
Follicle-stimulating hormone function:
Definition
Stimulates gamete formation
Term
Adrenocorticotropin hormone function:
Definition
Stumulate adrenal cortex to release hormones that are used to resist stressors
Term
Function of Oxytocin:
Definition
Causes smooth muscle of uterus and mammary glands to contract
Term
Antidiuretic hormone function:
Definition
Helps maintain water balance by preventing urin formation; vasoconstrictor
Term
oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone are produced where?
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine functions:
Definition
helps maintain adequate metabolic rates in target cells
Term
Calcitonin function:
Definition
decreases blood calcium and phosphate levels
Term
Calcitonin function:
Definition
decreases blood calcium and phosphate levels
Term
Parathyroid hormone function:
Definition
Increases blood calcium levels
Term
Epinephrine and norepinephrine functions:
Definition
Both hormones bring about the fight or flight response
Term
Aldosterone function and where it is produced
Definition
produced in the zona flomerulosa
helps with retaining sodium and  excreting potassium
Term
Cortisol function and where it's produced
Definition
produced in the zona fasciculata
Helps body resist stressors by influencing metabolic rates in target cells
Term
adrenal androgens and estrogens where they are produced and function
Definition
produced in the zona reticularis
serve as supplementary sex hormones
Term
Glucogon produced by what and function:
Definition
produced by alpha cells
increase blood glucose level
Term
Insulin produced where and function
Definition
produced by Beta cells
decreases blood glucose level
Term
Somatosin produced by what and function
Definition
produced by delta cells
inhibits the secretion of glucagon and insulin
Term
Melatonin function
Definition
helps regulate sleep/wake cycles
Term
Thymosins
Thymopoietins
thymic factor
functions:
Definition
all influence production and differentiation of T lymphocytes
Term
Estrogen function
Definition
development and maintainence of secondary sexual characteristics
Term
function of progesterone:
Definition
causes changes in the uterus and mammary glands during reproductive cycle
Supporting users have an ad free experience!