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Anatomy
Chapter 8-10
101
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/28/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Articulation

 
Definition

A point where bones meet

 
Term

Arthrology

 
Definition

The study of joints

 
Term

Arthroscopy

 
Definition

The examination of a joint by an inciscion in and/or around the joint

 
Term

Arthroplasty

 
Definition

Replacing a joint with a prosthesis

 
Term

Arthritis

 
Definition

Inflamation of joints

 
Term

Rheumatiod Arthritis

 
Definition

An autoimmune disease that causes the inflamation of synovial joints.

 
Term

Osteoarthritis

 
Definition

Digenerative joint disease from cumulative wear and tear

 
Term

Gouty Arthritis

 
Definition

High uric acid levels in blood cause spiky percipitate in synovial joints

 
Term

bursitis

 
Definition

Inflamation of bursas

 
Term

tendonitis

 
Definition

Inflammation of tendons

 
Term

Synostosis

 
Definition

Original connective tissue between bones have been ossified. (ex. the joints of baby skull been become ossified and become one bone)

 
Term

Synarthrosis

 
Definition

Bones are held together by connective tissue giving little or no movement

 
Term

amphiarthrosis

 
Definition

only slight movement allowed

 
Term

diarthrosis

 
Definition

freely moveable joint

 
Term

fibrous joint

 
Definition

 

2 adjacent bones are held closely together by fibrous c.t. (collagen) between the  2 bones.

 
Term

Cartilaginous joint

 
Definition

2 adjacent bones held together by cartilage which crosses the space between 2 bones

 
Term

Suture

 
Definition

Fiborus joint only found in skull

 
Term

syndesmosis

 
Definition

Fibrous joint held together by a ligament. Slightly moveable.  Found between radius and ulna.

 
Term

Gomphosis

 
Definition

Periodontal joint, holds tooth in socket. Allows very little movement when chewing

 
Term

Synchondrosis

 
Definition

Cartilaginous joint found in the epiphesial plate and various other places. Allows little movement

 
Term

Articular capsule

 
Definition

Outer fibrous capsle in the synovial joint, also contains inner synovial membrane

 
Term

extracapsular ligaments

 
Definition

ligaments in knee

 
Term

Lyme Disease

 
Definition

caused by a bacterium, Borreliaburgdorferi, and spread by infected ticks

 
Term

Crepitus

 
Definition

crunching noise made when roughened articular surfaces rub together.  Thought that 30% of people with OA have an abnormal gene that makes a weaker form of collagen (differing from the normal collagen protein by just one of its 1000 a.a.)… may lead to premature cartilage breakdown and OA

 
Term

Strain vs. Sprain

 
Definition

Strain is less serious and is an overstretching of muscles. Sprain is a tear of a ligament

 
Term

Subluxation

 
Definition

Partial dislocation

 
Term

Luxation

 
Definition

Total dislocation

 
Term

herniated disk

 

 
Definition

When an intervertebral disc slips out of proper alignment and into the spinal cord

 

 
Term

Nucleus pulposus

 

 
Definition

 

 gelatinous material of intervertebral joint

 
Term

 

Anulus fibrosis

 
Definition

 

 Fibrocartilage of intervertebral joints

 
Term

Intevertebral joint

 
Definition

joints between vertebrae

 
Term

flexion

 
Definition

Bending that decrease the angle of a joint

 
Term

Extension

 
Definition

Bending that increases the angle of a joint

 
Term

hyperextension

 
Definition

Extension beyond anatomical position

 
Term

Plantar flexion

 
Definition

Flexing foot like tippy toes

 
Term

Dorsi Flexion

 
Definition

flexing foot towards body

 
Term

abduction

 
Definition

movement away from midline

 
Term

adduction

 
Definition

Movement towards midline

 
Term

Circumduction

 
Definition

combination movement where the distal end of a body part moves in a circle

 
Term

medial rotation

 
Definition

Rotation toward the midline

 
Term

Lateral rotation

 
Definition

Rotation away from the midline

 
Term

pronation

 
Definition

turning hands so palms are facing posterior

 
Term

supination

 
Definition

rotationg palms so the are facing anterior

 
Term

inversion

 
Definition

medial movement of soles of feet towards each other

 
Term

Eversion

 
Definition

Spreading feet away from each other

 
Term

protraction

 
Definition

pushing body part forward

 
Term

retraction

 
Definition

Pushing body part backward

 
Term

elevation

 
Definition

superior movement

 
Term

depression

 
Definition

inferior movement

 
Term

oppositon

 
Definition

thumb touching other fingers

 
Term

repostion

 
Definition

moving thumb away from other fingers

 
Term

Muscle Fascicle

 
Definition

bundle of muscle cells

 
Term

hyperplasia

 
Definition

increased cell production of normal tissue or organ

 
Term

hypertrophy

 
Definition

increase in size of muscle cells

 
Term

atrophy

 
Definition

decrease in the mass of the muscle

 
Term

regeneration

 
Definition

renewal, restoration, and growth

 
Term

intercalated discs

 
Definition

cardiac mucsles have these, gap junctions

 
Term

fusiform

 
Definition

cell type of smooth muscles

 
Term

thermogenesis

 

 
Definition

 

generation of heat

 
Term

 

 
Definition

 

 
Term

deep fascia

 
Definition

dense connective tissue around muscle organ

 
Term

endomysium

 
Definition

connective tissue around a muscle fiber

 
Term

perimysium

 
Definition

connective tissue around a fasicle

 
Term

epimysium

 
Definition

connective tissue around a muscle organ, continuous with deep fasciae

 
Term

tendon

 
Definition

connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

 
Term

thermogenesis, movement, protection and stability, protein storage pool, communication

 
Definition

functions of the muscle tissue

 
Term

muscle organ > muscle fascicle > muscle fiber > myofibrils > myofilaments

 
Definition

heirarchy of organization in a muscle organ

 
Term

aponeurosis

 
Definition

sheet like tendon

 
Term

sarcolemma

 
Definition

outermembrane of muscle cell

 
Term

sarcoplasmic reticulum

 
Definition

weaves around each myofibril, stores calcium ions in relaxed muscles

 
Term

sarcoplasm

 
Definition

cytoplasm of muscle cell

 

 
Term

transverse (T) tubules

 
Definition

invaginations of the sarcolemma into the center of the cell

 
Term

myofibrils

 

 
Definition

complex organelles that run length wise through skeletal muscle cell composed of myofilaments

 

 
Term

myofilaments

 

 
Definition

little thread of protein arranged in a very distinct pattern

 

 
Term

sarcomere

 
Definition

compartments of myofilaments

 
Term

thick myofilaments

 
Definition

composed of myosin protein. myofibrils have approx 1500 of these

 
Term

Thin Myofilamments

 
Definition

myofibrils have approx 3000 of these. Composed of a few proteins actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

 
Term

myosin

 
Definition

Protein in thick filaments

 
Term

actin

 
Definition

protein in thin filaments

 
Term

terminal cisternae

 
Definition

enlarged part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that surround the t tubules

 
Term

triad

 
Definition

2 terminal cisternae of SR and t tubule

 
Term

disuse atrophy

 
Definition

muscle losing mass because of disuse

 
Term

denervation atrophy

 
Definition

when muscle loses great mass because of loss of neural innvervation in muscle causing muscle to stop contracting

 
Term

DOMS

 
Definition

Delayed onset muscle soreness

Stiffness, tenderness, and swelling 12 to 48 hrs after strenuous workout

 
Term

calsequestrin

 
Definition

calcium binds to this in the SR

 
Term

fixator

 
Definition

stabalize origin of the prime mover

 
Term

synergist

 
Definition

contract to give extra pull/help to the agonist and stabilize nearby joints

 
Term

antagonist

 
Definition

stretches and yeilds to prime mover

 
Term

agonist

 
Definition

contracts to cause the desired action

 
Term

belly of muscle

 
Definition

thick mid-region of muscle

 
Term

insertion

 
Definition

attachment of muscle that moves

 
Term

origin

 
Definition

attachment of muscle that does not move

 
Term

glycosomes

 
Definition

organelle that contain glycogen and are located in sarcoplasm

 
Term

myoglobin

 
Definition

in sarcoplasm, protein that binds to oxygen

 
Term

M line

 
Definition

middle of sarcomere

 
Term

H zone

 
Definition

part of sarcomere that contains only thick myofilaments

 
Term

A-band

 
Definition

in sarcomere, contains entire length of thick filaments and includes zone of overlap that includes thick filaments

 
Term

I band

 
Definition

in sarcomere, region of only thin filaments

 
Term

z disc

 
Definition

protein plate that seperates one sarcomere from the next

 
Term

sarcomere

 
Definition

compartment of myofilaments: functional unit of muscle cell

 
Term

muscular dystrophy

 

 
Definition

a group of muscle diseases that hamper locomotion and weaken musculoskeletal system

 

 
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