Term
| What is another name for frontal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sagital plane in any location other than the midline |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between mucous and serous fluid? |
|
Definition
| mucous is thick; serous fluid is thin |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of endocytosis? |
|
Definition
| phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the three components of the cytoplasm? |
|
Definition
| cytosol, organelles, and inclusions |
|
|
Term
| What are the three components of the cytoskeleton? |
|
Definition
| microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules |
|
|
Term
| ___ are non-motile finger-like projections of the plasma membrane that increase SA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ and ____ are the motile projections of microtubules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of the centrosome? |
|
Definition
| It helps form microtubules for cilia and flagella |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of ribosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the golgi apparatus? |
|
Definition
cisternae that receive, modify, and send out proteins (cis face to trans face)
More prominent in secretory cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of the lysosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the mitochondria are also know as the cell ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three nuclear components? |
|
Definition
| the nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, and nucleolus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells change in size, shape, or arrangement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long-term irritation or inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells change from one type to another |
|
|
Term
| What are the four basic types of tissue? |
|
Definition
| epithelium, connective, muscle, and nervous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sheet of cells that cover a body surface or line a body cavity |
|
|
Term
| Provide the synonyms for connective, epithelial, muscular, and nervous tissue |
|
Definition
| support, covering, movement, and control |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
| covers body surface and lines hollow organs, body, cavities, ducts; forms glands |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Protects, supports, and binds organs; stores energy as fat; provides immunity |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of muscular tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of nervous tissue? |
|
Definition
| Detects and responds to changes in and around the body |
|
|
Term
| What are the two basic componenets of all tissues? |
|
Definition
| The cellular and extracellular component |
|
|
Term
| Define interstitial fluid |
|
Definition
| tissue fluid that is derived from blood plasma; found in extracellular component |
|
|
Term
| What are the seven special features of epithelia? |
|
Definition
| Cellularity, avascular, nervous innervation, regeneration, polarity, basement membrane, and membrane junctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells are closely packed and held tightly together; has minimal extracellular matrix |
|
|
Term
| What makes a picture of epithelial tissue easily identifiable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two terms are used to describe polarity? |
|
Definition
| apical (free) surface and basal surface |
|
|
Term
| What are the two components of the basement membrane? |
|
Definition
| basal and reticular lamina |
|
|
Term
| Define membrane junctions |
|
Definition
| contact points in the plasma membrane of adjacent cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of membrane junctions and their purpose? |
|
Definition
| desmosomes (prevents cells from being pulled apart), gap junction (let inside cell A to talk to inside cell B), and tight junctions (sealant) |
|
|
Term
| What are the different classifications for epithelia? |
|
Definition
| Simple or Stratified; Squamous (flat), Cuboidal (same shape all around), or Columnar |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of each epithelial cell shape? |
|
Definition
Squamous: allow rapid passage of substances
Cuboidal and Columnar: secretion or absorption |
|
|
Term
| Where can you find simple squamous epithelium? |
|
Definition
| The lining of the ventral body cavity |
|
|
Term
| What are the two specialized types of simple squamous epithelia and where are they found? |
|
Definition
| Endothelium (heart and vessels) and Mesothelium (serous membranes) |
|
|
Term
| What type of cell will NOT be depicted with the ciliated variety? |
|
Definition
| simple columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What type of cell will ONLY be depicted with the ciliated variety? |
|
Definition
| Pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What type of cell contains keratonized and non-keratonized regions? |
|
Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of stratification in a cell? |
|
Definition
| to protect areas that come in contact with large amounts of friction (keeps tissue from pulling apart) |
|
|
Term
| What lipid is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of glycolipids in the phospholipid bilayer? |
|
Definition
| cellular adhesion, recognition, and growth/development |
|
|
Term
| What are the main components of the plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two layers of serous membrane? |
|
Definition
| visceral layer and parietal layer |
|
|
Term
| Where can you find simple columnar epithelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the tissue types for Loose CT Proper? |
|
Definition
| Areolar, Adipose, and Reticular |
|
|
Term
| What are the tissue types for Dense CT Proper? |
|
Definition
| Regular, Irregular, and Elastic |
|
|
Term
| What is the most abundant CT type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes the push of organelles to the periphery in Adipose Loose CT Proper? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Adipose Loose CT Proper NOT to be confused with? |
|
Definition
| simple squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| In what type of CT Proper are ALL fiber types present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of CT Proper functions in immunity? |
|
Definition
| Reticular Loose CT Proper |
|
|
Term
| When describing tissues, what does the term "regular" refer to? |
|
Definition
| the arrangement of fibers |
|
|
Term
| Where can you find Elastic Dense CT Proper? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two classifications of glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for a unicellular exocrine gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the largest gland in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the secretions of endocrine glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What epithelial type is the goblet cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most diverse and abundant type of tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four main categories of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| CT Proper, Cartilage, Bone, and Blood |
|
|
Term
| What is the embryonic origin of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fibers are present in CT and what are their purpose? |
|
Definition
| Collagen fibers (strength), Elastic fibers (recoil), and Reticular fibers (support) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of cartilage? |
|
Definition
| Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, and Elastic cartilage |
|
|
Term
| What are the cells cartilage is composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe hylaine cartilage |
|
Definition
| Hard, gelatinous ground substance with a glassy appearance |
|
|
Term
True or False?
Hyaline cartilage has collagen fibers |
|
Definition
FALSE
Hylaine cartilage has collagen FIBRILS |
|
|
Term
| Where can you find elastic cartilage? |
|
Definition
| the external ear and epiglottis |
|
|
Term
| Where can you find hyaline cartilage? |
|
Definition
| the costal cartilage of the ribs |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue has lacunae in a "train"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is fibrocartilage NOT to be confused with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do you find chondrocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of compact bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood is most confused with what other type of CT? |
|
Definition
| Loose Reticular CT Proper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
RBC have organelles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for blood that has leaked out of a vessel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for RBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of membranes? |
|
Definition
| Cutaneous, Mucous, and Serous |
|
|
Term
| In what three cavities will you find serous membranes? |
|
Definition
| pleural, pericardial, peritoneal |
|
|
Term
| In what four systems will you find mucous membranes? |
|
Definition
| respiratory, reproductive, digestive, and urinary |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
| cardiac, skeletal, and smooth |
|
|
Term
| Muscle cell= ____ = muscle fiber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an easily identifiable characteristic of skeletal muscle cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skeletal muscles are used to move ____ and ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skeletal cells have multiple ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Movement:
Skeletal muscles only ____ and ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do intercalated discs consist of? |
|
Definition
| Proteins and connexons (gap junctions) |
|
|
Term
| What are the two components of nervous tissue? |
|
Definition
| neurons and neuroglia ("glia") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the axons of a nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of fluid in the CT (swelling) |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of wound healing? |
|
Definition
| regeneration and fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| Identify the tissue with Good, Poor, and No regeneration capactiy |
|
Definition
| Good: epithelium and bone; Poor: skeletal muscle and cartilage; None: cardiac muscle and nervous tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest organ of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the accessory organs of the integumentary system? |
|
Definition
| Hair, nails, oil and sweat glands |
|
|
Term
| What are the two layers of the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The hypodermis ____ part of the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the skin (5)? |
|
Definition
| Thermoregulation, protection, excretion and absorption, synthesis of vitamin D, and cutaneous sensation |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important function of the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of cells in the epidermis? |
|
Definition
| Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, and Merkel cells |
|
|
Term
| What type of epidermis is also known as "hairless skin"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many layers do thin and thick skin have? |
|
Definition
| four and five respectively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 layers of the epidermis? |
|
Definition
| Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (thick skin only), and the stratum corneum |
|
|
Term
| What layer of the skin is responsible for making new skin cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the "dying layer" of the epidermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What epidermal cell type looks like it has "tentacles"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What epidermal cell is associated with nerve endings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the largest layer of the epidermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often is the epidermis replaced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two divisions of the dermis? |
|
Definition
| Papillary dermis and the reticular dermis |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the papillae pattern in the dermis? |
|
Definition
| Increased vascularity and increase connective strength |
|
|
Term
| What are the three pigments responsible for the colors of our skin and hair? |
|
Definition
| Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
True or False:
People with darker skin tones have more melanocytes than those with fair skin |
|
Definition
| FALSE; everyone has the same number of melanocytes but those cells produce different amounts of melanin |
|
|
Term
| _____ is the inherited inability to produce any melanin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of cutaneous sensation? |
|
Definition
| Light touch, pressure/vibration, and pain |
|
|
Term
| What are the three componenets involved in light touch sensation? |
|
Definition
| Meisner's corpuscles, Merkel cells, and hair |
|
|
Term
| What are the two layers of the hair follicle? |
|
Definition
| External root sheath and internal root sheath |
|
|
Term
| Sebaceous glands are found everywhere except the _____ and _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the substance secreted from sebaceous glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of sweat glands? |
|
Definition
| Eccrine (true "sweat") and apocrine |
|
|
Term
| Where can you find simple cuboidal epithelium? |
|
Definition
| ducts/secretory portions of small glands; kidney tubules |
|
|
Term
| Where can you find stratified cuboidal epithelium? |
|
Definition
| Big glands and ducts (salivary) |
|
|
Term
| Where can you find stratified columnar epithelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The site where rigid elements of the skeleton meet; joint |
|
|
Term
| What are the two categories for classifying articulations? |
|
Definition
| Structurally and functionally |
|
|
Term
| What are the three structural classifications of joints? |
|
Definition
| Fibrous joints (held together by dense collagen fibers), cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints (held together by ligaments) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three functional classifications of joints? |
|
Definition
| Synarthrotic (immovable), Amphiarthrotic (slightly movable), and Diarthrotic (freely movable) |
|
|
Term
| All synovial joints are _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of fibrous joints? |
|
Definition
| Suture (skull), Syndesmosis (held together by ligament), and Gomphosis (peg-in-socket fibrous joint) |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of cartilaginous joints? |
|
Definition
| Synchondroses (held together by hyaline cartilage) and Symphyses (held together by fibrous cartilage) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common structural classification of joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space between articulating bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sleeve-like capsule that encloses synovial cavity |
|
|
Term
| What are the two components of the synovial capsule? |
|
Definition
| the outer fibrous capsule and the inner synovial membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viscous fluid secreted by the inner synovial membrane; reduces friction between joined bones; supplies nutrients and oxygen to joint cartilages |
|
|
Term
| Define and state the purpose of Articular Cartilage |
|
Definition
| hylaine cartilage at sites of articulation; shock absorption and decrease friction |
|
|
Term
| Define and state the purpose of Articular Discs |
|
Definition
| fibrocartilage inside the joint cavity; shock absorption and enhanced fit of articulating bones |
|
|
Term
| What are the six components of synovial joints? |
|
Definition
| synovial cavity, synovial capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, nervous innervation, and blood supply |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of reinforcing ligaments of synovial joints? |
|
Definition
| capsular, extracapsular, and intracapsular |
|
|
Term
| Define and state the purpose of Bursa |
|
Definition
| thin, flat, sac-like structure containing synovial fluid that reduces friction between body part that rub together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tube-like bursa that wraps around tendons |
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of movement at synovial joints? |
|
Definition
| Gliding, angular movements, rotation, and special movements |
|
|
Term
| What are the three places gliding occurs? |
|
Definition
| intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, and intervertebral joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the side-to-side movement of flat bone surfaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moves bones closer together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moves bones away from each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continued extension beyond anatomical position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of bones away from the midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of a bone toward the midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of a body part in a circle |
|
|
Term
| Define External (lateral) rotation |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of a bone is turned away from the midline |
|
|
Term
| Define Internal (medial) rotation |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of bone is turned toward the midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upward movement of a body part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| downwatd movement of a body part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| return of a protracted body part to anatomical position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of the sole medially |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of the sole laterally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulling your toes to your heel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turning the palm anteriorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turning the palm posteriorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of the thumb to touch the finger tips (only place this occurs) |
|
|
Term
| What are the six types of synovial joints? |
|
Definition
| Planar, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, and Ball-and-Socket |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two ball-and-socket joints? |
|
Definition
| femoral-coxal and glenohumeral joint |
|
|
Term
| What are ligaments made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ligaments = _____ stability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When increasing flexibility, what component of the body are you stretching? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)? |
|
Definition
| mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa |
|
|
Term
| What is the most easily disarticulated joint? |
|
Definition
| TMJ (temporomandibular joint ) |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the sternoclavicular joint? |
|
Definition
| sternal end of the clavicle and the sternoclavicular notch of the manubrium |
|
|
Term
| What are the two components of the Glenohumeral joint? |
|
Definition
| the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| What are the two components of the Femorocoxal joint? |
|
Definition
| the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the Os Coxa |
|
|
Term
| What are the three important extracapsular ligaments of the hip? |
|
Definition
| Ilofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament, and he Ischiofemoral ligament |
|
|
Term
| What are the three components of the knee joint? |
|
Definition
| femur, tibia, and patella |
|
|
Term
| The knee joint is a combination of what two articulations? |
|
Definition
| femorotibial and femoropatellar |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the TMJ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the Glenohumeral joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four important structures of the intracapsular area of the knee? |
|
Definition
| Lateral miniscus, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and the medial meniscus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the talocrural joint? |
|
Definition
| the inferior articular surfaces of the tibia/fibula and the trochlea of the talus |
|
|
