Term
| Which ribs are "true ribs" |
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Definition
1-7
This is different from TYPICAL ribs |
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Term
| The sternal angle is associated with which costochondral level? |
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Definition
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Term
| The descending aorta, vena cava, and thoracic duct are associated with which area of the mediastinum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve innervates pec minor? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient presents to the ER with a posterior upper thorax asymmetry known as a "scapular wing". Which nerve is damaged? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the middle esophageal constriction occur? |
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Definition
| where the aortic arch and left bronchus cross at the anterior surface |
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Term
The diaphragmatic opening at T10 contains the following except:
Lymphatics, esophagus, vagus, inferior vena cava |
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Definition
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Term
The medial arcuate ligament originates from:
L2 to transverse process of L1
L1 transverse to inferior border of 12 rib
L3 vertebral body to L1 body
L2 vertebral body to T12 vertebral body |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient presents with a lung mass in the posterior apex of the lung. There is atrophy of the left limb and eyelid droop. What cancer is suspected? |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following are branches off the first part of the subclavian artery except:
vertebral artery
costovertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical artery |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the portion covering the superior aspect of the lung that is an extension of the endothoracic fascia? |
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Definition
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Term
the pericardial cavity is located:
a. between the arteries and veins of the heart
b. between the serous and fibrous pericardium
c. between the visercal and parietal serous pericardium
d. between the heart and the lungs |
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Definition
| between the visceral and parietal |
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Term
| the most common site of an "azygous" lobe is in which lung? |
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Definition
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Term
A patient presents with SOB and a chest xray shows a collapsed lung. What is this consistent with?
primary atelectasis
secondary atelectasis
penumoconiosis
tertiary atelectasis |
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Definition
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Term
The respiratory zone of the pulmonary system consists of all of the following except:
alveolus
alveolar ducts
respiratory brochus
terminal bronchioles
conducting bronchioles |
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Definition
| Terminal and conducting bronchioles |
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Term
| If in the OR, you have damage posterior to the hila of the lungs, what nerve is most likely damaged? |
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Definition
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Term
the transverse pericardial sinus is the gab between which of the following?
vena cava and aorta/pulmonary trunk
superior and inferior vena cava
arch of the azygous and descending aorta
SVC and the arch of the aorta |
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Definition
| vena cava and aorta/pulmonary trunk |
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Term
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart does all of the following except:
slow heart rate
dilate coronary arteries
reduce contractile force
restrict coronary arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| What separates the sinus venarum from the atrium proper? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT associated with the right ventricle?
Infundibulum
Oval fossa
supraventricular crest
moderator band |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following relationships is incorrect?
truncus arteriosus forms the aorta and pulmonary trunk
bulbous cordis forms the conus arteriosus and aortic vestibule
primative ventricle forms the traveculae of right and left ventricles
sinus venosus forms ductus venosum |
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Definition
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Term
| At birth if your fossa ovalis fails to form, what will happen to blood flow? |
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Definition
| bloow will frlow from right atrium to left atrium |
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Term
trachea formation begins at what week?
3, 6, 8, or 4 |
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Definition
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Term
What diverts the umbilical blood flow around the liver in the fetus?
hepatic portal system
ductus arteriosus
ductus venosus
umbilical vein |
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Definition
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Term
the visceral pleura is derived from:
epithelia
somatic mesoderm
splanchnic mesoderm
ectoderm |
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Definition
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Term
| Fill in the blank: transverse process attaches to the ___ of the rib. |
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Definition
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Term
| The innervation of pec minor is the ____ nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| The weakest part of the rib is the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The function of the ____ is to protract and hold the scapula against the thoracic wall. |
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Definition
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Term
| 75% of lymphatic drainage of the breast is to the ___ lymph node |
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Definition
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Term
| Aspiration is most likely to occur in which main bronchus? |
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Definition
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Term
| the 3rd constriction of the esophagus is when it passes through the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Leakage and accumulation of lymph in the thoracic cavity is referred to as a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| the ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the fetal _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The narrowing of the aoritc arch called ____ results in decresased pressure in the lower extremities |
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Definition
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Term
| THe ___ ligament is formed as a continuation of the parietal and visceral pleura |
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Definition
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Term
| blood is the pleura cavity is called ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| the portion of the airway going from the trachea to the terminal bronchia is called the ____, which the portion going from the respiratory bronchiole to the alveoli is the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| the most inferior part of the superior lobe on the left lung is termed the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ nerve runs anterior to the hilum and innervatesthe diaphragm and the ____ nerve runs posterior to the hilum |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ pericardial sinus runs between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front of the superior vena cava. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ division of the mediastinum contains the thymus and parasternal lymph nodes. |
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Definition
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Term
| The apex of the heart is at the level of the ____ intercostal space.. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ separates that rough and smooth regions of the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| the thick layer of cardiac muscle is called the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sudden occlusion of a coronary artery results in a ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| the foramen ovale closes shortly after birth and becomes the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| list 3 features of the typical rib? |
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Definition
| head, neck, tubercle, body with costal groove and VAN |
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Term
| Explain what features are located in the intercostal groove |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures are found in the hilum of the lung |
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Definition
| main bronchus, pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins, bronchial arteries, bronchial veins, vagus nerve |
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Term
| what is unique about the first intercostal nerve? |
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Definition
| it has no anterior cutaneous branch |
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Term
| list 3 structures located in the posterior mediastinum |
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Definition
| esophagus, descending aorta, azygous, hemiazygous, thoracic duct |
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Term
| Trace the blood flow through the heart starting with the vena cavae. |
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Definition
right atrium - through tricuspid valve - right ventricle through pulmonary semilunar - out pulmonary trunk/arteries to lungs.
Deoxygenated blood comes back through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium - through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle. - through aortic semilunar and out aorta to the body. |
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Term
| which intercostal muscles depress and which elevate the ribs? |
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Definition
| external intercostals elevate, interchondrous part of internal elevate. interosseous part of internal depress and innermost depress |
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Term
| Describe the divisions of the right bronchus to the alveoli as it exits the hilum of the lung |
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Definition
| right main bronchus -- secondary (lobar) bronchi -- tertiary (segmental) bronchi -- conducting bronchiole -- terminal bronchiole -- respiratory bronchiole --- alveolar ducts - sacs - alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| list the branches that come off the arch of the aorta |
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Definition
| right brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian |
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Term
| Describe the 2 heart sounds |
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Definition
lub - when tricuspid/mitral valves close, pushing blood into ventricle.
dub - when seminlunar valves close after blood is pushed through ventricles into aorta or lungs |
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Term
| 3 features of right ventricle |
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Definition
| infundibulum, ventricle proper, moderator band (septomarginal trabechulae), supraventricular crest |
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Term
| list the 3 sets of lymph nodes in the thoracic wall |
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Definition
| parasternal, intercostal, diaphragmatic |
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Term
| what causes nipple retraction? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enlargement of breasts in adolescent males |
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Term
| how would you locate a particular segment of lung during surgery? |
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Definition
| locate the vein which runs between lung segments |
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Term
| what strucutres bypass the lung in fetal circulation |
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Definition
| foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus |
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Term
| what is the significance of the transverse sinus for surgeons during coronary bypass? |
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Definition
| they can slip their finger int he sinus and clamp the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk |
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Term
| define valvular insufficiency |
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Definition
| failure of the valves to close, causing blood to backflow, which can leads to hypertrophy of ventricles |
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Term
| List origin, insertion, innervation, and action of pec major |
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Definition
origin: medial half of anterior clavicle, 1-6 costal cartilage, sternum
insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerve
action: adduction, medial rotation. clavicular head flexes glenohumeral joint. sternocostal head depresses glenohumeral joint |
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Term
| transposition of heart is termed? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is incorrect?
truncus arteriosus forms the aorta and pulmonary trunk
bulbous cordis forms the conus arteriosus and aortic vestibule
primitive ventricle forms the taveculae of right and left ventricles
sinus venosus forms ductus venosum |
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Definition
| incorrect: sinus venosus forms ductus venosum |
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