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Anatomy : The Spine
n/a
64
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
09/12/2008

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Cards

Term
What are the two subdivisions of the skeleton?
Definition
axial and appendicular
Term
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Definition
Spine, rib cage, skull
Term
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
Definition
all bones not in the axial, appendages
Term
What are the FOUR functions of the spine?
Definition
protects spinal cord and rootlets, privides rigid and flexible access for the trunk, provides a pivot for the head to move, plays major roles in posture and gait
Term
What is the spine incased in?
Definition
bone
Term
What is the type of articulation that allows movement of the head around the spine?
Definition
lantooccipital articulation
Term
What are the two types of circumduction?
Definition
Flexion and Extention
Term
Define Flexion
Definition
forward bending
Term
Define Extension
Definition
backward bending
Term
What are the curvatures of the spine?
Definition
primary and secondary
Term
Which curvature is seen at birth?
Definition
Primary
Term
Which curvature is only seen in adults?
Definition
Secondary
Term
What are the four characteristics of primary curvature?
Definition
1. Known as Thoracic Curvature and Sacral Curvature
2. Also associated with Kyphosis
3. Concave anteriorly
4. Is only curvature present in newborn, but can be seen in adults as well
Term
what are three characteristics of Secondary Curvature?
Definition
1. Cervical and Lumbar
2. associated with lordosis
3. concave posteriorly
Term
Describe abnormal kyphosis.
Definition
Extreme thoracic curvature posteriorly..hunchback
Term
Describe scoliosis
Definition
abnormal lateral curvature (to the right or left)
Term
Describe Lordosis
Definition
Exaggerated lumbar curvature
Term
How many vertebrae are there?
Definition
33
Term
What are the characteristics of the body of a vertebrae
Definition
always anterior, help support the weight of the body, attached tot he anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, articulate with intervertebral discs
Term
What is the function of the intervertebral disc?
Definition
articulation of the spine
Term
What is the function of the Anterior and Posterior longitudinal ligaments
Definition
helps hold spine together
Term
What are the pedicles?
Definition
attach arch to the body (the foot)
Term
What are the lamina?
Definition
form an arch extending from the pedicles
Term
What are the seven processes associated with the arch of the vertebrae?
Definition
1 spinous, 2 superior articulating processes, 2 inferior articulating processes, 2 transverse processes
Term
What are the intervertebral foramen?
Definition
produced when vertebrae articulate with eachother
Term
What is the intervertebral canal and its function
Definition
is made up of intervertebral canals, holds spinal cord and rootlets
Term
What is the first cervical vertebrae?
Definition
Atlas
Term
What is the second cervical vertebrae? C2
Definition
axis
Term
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
Definition
7
Term
Which cervical vertebrae allows for lanotoccipital articulation?
Definition
atlas
Term
Which cervical vertebrae allows for lantoaxial articulation
Definition
axis
Term
Which cervical vertebrae allows for lantoaxial articulation
Definition
axis
Term
what is lantoaxial articulation
Definition
the articulation between the atlas and axis and allows head to rotate from side to side (laterally)
Term
Describe lantooccipital articulation
Definition
articulates with the occipital bone, allows flexion and extension of head
Term
What are the special characteristics of the atlas
Definition
no spinous process, has posterior arch, allows flexion and extension of head
Term
what are special characteristics of the axis
Definition
has dens, is fused with anterior arch of atlas, allows rotation from side to side
Term
What is the Dens
Definition
fused with anterior arch of the atlas causing the atlas and the axis to move as a uni
Term
Describe the vertebrae prominens
Definition
long, tapered spinous process, not bifricated (bump at base of neck)
Term
What cervical vertebrae is not bifricated
Definition
C7
Term
define bifricated
Definition
two tails
Term
What allows for passage of vertebral arteries to brain and is present in all cervical vertebrae other than C7
Definition
transverse foramen and transverse processes
Term
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
Definition
12
Term
What are the costal facets
Definition
used for articulation with the heads of ribs and are present in all thoracic vertebrae
Term
which thoracic vertebrae have facets on transverse processes
Definition
T1-T10
Term
Describe the type of process on a thoracic vertebrae
Definition
long and tapered
Term
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
Definition
12
Term
What is not present on the lumbar vertebrae that is on the thoracic vertebrae?
Definition
costal facets- because lumbar do not articulate with ribs
Term
Describe the spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae
Definition
short and stout
Term
How many Sacral vertebrae are there?
Definition
1
Term
describe the sacral vertebrae
Definition
fused
Term
describe the sacral vertebrae
Definition
fused
Term
What are the remnants of the sacral vertebrae?
Definition
transverse ridges
Term
What are the remnants of the sacral vertebrae?
Definition
transverse ridges
Term
what is the function of the sacral vertebrae
Definition
provides support to the pelvis
Term
How does the sacral vertebrae articulate with the illium
Definition
by means of the sacroilliac joing
Term
What forms the part of the posterior pelvic wall
Definition
sacral vertebrae
Term
What are the holes in the sacrum?
Definition
on the anterior side: anterior sacral foramen, on the posterior side: posterior sacral foramen
Term
What is the function of the posterior sacral foramen?
Definition
allows for exiting of the dorsal and ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves
Term
The anterior surface of the vertebral disc is attached to the...
Definition
anterior longitudinal ligament
Term
The posterior surface of the intervertebral disc is attached to the...
Definition
posterior longitudinal ligament
Term
what is the function of the intervertebral disc
Definition
absorbs axial energy
Term
describe a herniated disc
Definition
posterior longitudinal ligament is weaker than anterior and allows for the herniated disc to protrude posteriorly into the spinal cord and anterior canal
Term
What is another name for the zygaphophyseal joint
Definition
the facet joint
Term
T/F: The cervical and lumbar region are more flexible than the thoracic region
Definition
True
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