Term
| describe the location of the inguinal canal |
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Definition
| oblique passage in lower abdominal wall, parallel and above the medial inguinal ligament, runs from the deep inguinal ring to the superificial inguinal ring |
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Term
| what are the contents of the inguinal canal |
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Definition
| spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus, ilioinguinal nerve |
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Term
| describe the location of the deep inguinal ring |
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Definition
| opening in the transversalis fascia about 1/2 inch above the inguinal ligament, half way between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis |
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Term
| describe the location of the inferior eigastric vessels |
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Definition
| medial to the deep inguinal ring |
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Term
| describe the location of the superificial inguinal ring |
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Definition
| opening in the sponeurosis of the external oblique superior to the pubic tubercle |
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Term
| what marks the anterior wall of the inguinal canal |
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Definition
| aponeurosis of the external oblique |
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Term
| what marks the posterior wall of the inguinal canal |
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Definition
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Term
| what marks the inferior wall of the inguinal canal |
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Definition
| inguinal and lacunar ligaments |
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Term
| what marks the superior wall of the inguinal canal |
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Definition
| arching lowest fibers of internal oblique transversus abdominis |
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Term
| what are the parts of the superificial inguinal ring |
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Definition
| medial crus and lateral crus |
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Term
| how is the superificial inguinal ring strengthened |
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Definition
| the top has intercural fibers |
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Term
| what is in the spermatic cord |
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Definition
| vas deferns, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, lymph vessels, autonomic nerves, artery of vas deferens, cremasteric srtery, genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve |
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Term
| describe the path of the spermatic cord |
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Definition
| begins deepto inguinal ring, passes through inguinal canal, ends posterior to the epididymis |
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Term
| what is the vas deferns made of |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of the vas deferens |
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Definition
| transports spermataozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct |
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Term
| describe the path of the vas deferens |
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Definition
| begins at the tail of the epididymis and runs with the spermatic cord to the deep inguinal ring where it seperates terminating in the pervis by joining the seminal vessicle |
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Term
| what is it called when the vas deferens joins the seminal vessicle |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the testicular artery originate |
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Definition
| from the abdominal aorta just below the renal artery, this is influenced by the embryological origin of the testes |
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Term
| describe the path of the testicular artery |
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Definition
| descends on the posterior abdominal wall behind the peritoneum, through the inguinal canal in the spermatic cord, to the testis and epididymis |
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Term
| describe the location of the testicular veins |
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Definition
| form a plexus around the testicular artery called the pampiniform plexus, as it ascends it gets smaller forming a single vein running behind the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall |
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Term
| where does the right testicular vein drain |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where does the left testicular vein train |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the path of testicular lymph vessels |
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Definition
| run through thr spermatic cord to the deep inguinal ring, they ascend on the posterior abdominal wall behind the peritoneum to the lumbar lymph nodes (lateral aortic) |
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Term
| describe the path of scrotum lymph vessels |
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Definition
| drains into the superificial inguinal lymph nodes |
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Term
| what does the cremasteric artery supply |
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Definition
| coverings of the spermatic cord |
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Term
| describe the path of the cremasteric artery |
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Definition
| branches from the inferior epigastric artery and anastomoses with the testicular artery |
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Term
| describe the path of the artery of the vas deferens |
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Definition
| originates from the superior vesical artery, acompanies the vas deferns from pelvis, anastomoses with the testicular artery |
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Term
| what nerve supplies the cremaster muscle and skin of scrotum or labium majus |
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Definition
| genital branch of genitofemoral nerve |
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Term
| where do the fibers from the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve come from |
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Definition
| ventral rami of L1 and L2 (lumbar plexus) |
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Term
| where do the testies / ovaries originate before the descend |
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Definition
| posterior abdominal wall around L1 |
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Term
| what is the processus vaginalis |
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Definition
| peritoneal diverticulum that forms before the testies / ovaries descend |
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Term
| what does the processus vaginalis do |
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Definition
| passes through the layers of the lower anterior abdominal wall aquiring tubular covering from each layer pulling the testies / ovaries with it |
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Term
| name the layers the processus vaginalis goes through |
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Definition
| transversalis fascia, transversus abdominus, internal oblique, aponeurosis of external oblique |
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Term
| when the processus vaginalis passes through the transversalis fascia where is it exactly, what happens |
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Definition
| at the deep inguinal ring it picks up the internal spermatic fascia |
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Term
| when the processus vaginalis passes through the transversus abdominis where is it exactly, what happens |
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Definition
| under the lower arching fibers it does not aquire a covering, it does not pierce the layer |
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Term
| when the processus vaginalis passes through the internal oblique where is it exactly, what happens |
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Definition
| in the lower part it picks up some muscle fibers making the cremaster muscle embedded in the cremaster fascia |
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Term
| when the processus vaginalis passes through the aponeurosis of the external oblique where is it exactly, what happens |
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Definition
| at the superficial ring it picks up the external spermatic fascia |
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Term
| what is the gubernaculum made of |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the gubernaculum located |
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Definition
| extends from the lower end of the developing gonad to the labioscrotal swelling |
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Term
| what does the labioscrotal swelling do |
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Definition
| give rise to the scrotom or labia majora |
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Term
| what does the gubernaculum do |
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Definition
| descends behind the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall and posterior to the processus vaginalis pulling the testes / ovaries making them descend |
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Term
| where does the gubernaculum end its descent in males |
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Definition
| in the scrotum by the 8th month of intra-uterine life |
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Term
| what happens to the lymph, vessels, duct, and nerves when the testis descend |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to the processus vaginalis when the testies reach the scrotum |
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Definition
| the proximal narrow portion of the processus vaginalis becomes obliterated |
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Term
| what happens to the distal part of the processus vaginalis when the testis reach the scrotum |
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Definition
| it remains as the tuinca vaginalis which is a closed sac |
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Term
| when happens when the gubernaculum is descending and ovary |
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Definition
| it attaches to the side of the developing uterus causing the ovary to stop descending and forms two ligaments |
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Term
| what are the ligaments that form during ovarian descension |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the location of the ovarian ligament |
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Definition
| extends from the ovary to the uterus |
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Term
| describe the location of the gubernaculum |
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Definition
| extends from the uterus to the labioscrotal swelling |
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Term
| what were the ovarian ligament and round ligament originally made of |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the scrotom part of |
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Definition
| the lower anterior abdominal wall |
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Term
| what does the scrotal septum do |
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Definition
| divide the scrotum into left and right halves |
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Term
| what does each half of the scrotum contain |
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Definition
| testis, epididymis, lower spermatic cord |
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Term
| what are the layers of the scrotum |
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Definition
| skin, tunica dartos, external spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle and fascia, internal spermatic fascia, tuinca vaginalis |
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Term
| describe the skin of the scrotum |
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Definition
| thin, wrinkled, pigmented, single pouch |
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Term
| what is the scrotal raphe |
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Definition
| slightly raised ridge in the midline that indicates the area of fusion of the two labioscrotal swellings |
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Term
| what happens to the labioscrotal swellings in females |
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Definition
| they do not fuse and form the labia majora |
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Term
| what is the tunica dartos |
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Definition
| superficial fascia where fat has been replaced by the dartos muscle |
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Term
| what is the dartos muscle made of, what does it do |
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Definition
| it is smooth muscle that is responsible for the wrinking of the scrotal skin |
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Term
| what kind of nerve innervation of the dartos muscle get |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the path of the tunica dartos |
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Definition
| extends inward to form the scrotal septum which divides the scrotum |
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|
Term
| how does te tunica vaginalis relate to the processus vaginalis |
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Definition
| it is the lower expanded portion |
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|
Term
| what are the layers of the tunica vaginalis |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis cover |
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Definition
| testis except posterior border and the epididymis |
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Term
| what does the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis cover |
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Definition
| the inner aspect of the internal spermatic fascia |
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Term
| what is in the cavity between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis |
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Definition
| fluid that moistens the layers |
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Term
| what are the functions of the testis |
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Definition
| spermatogenesis and hormone production |
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|
Term
| what hormones does the testis make |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what conditions are needed for spermatogenesis to occur |
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Definition
| the testes must be lower temp than the abdominal cavity |
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|
Term
| how can the testes lower their temperature |
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Definition
| ther can ascend of descend using the reflex of the cremaster and dartos muscles, the pampiniform plexus and branches of the testicular arteries use a counter current heat exchange mechanism |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| what covers the tunica albugenia |
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Definition
| the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis |
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Term
| physically describe the tunica albuginea |
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Definition
| tough fibrous connective tissue on each testis, at the posterior border it is thicker and penetrates the surface of the organ |
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Term
| what are the semiferous tubules |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the origin and insertion of the semiferous tubules |
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Definition
| connects to the inner tunica |
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Term
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Definition
| a network of channels that the semiferous tubules open into |
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|
Term
| what connects the rete testis to the epididymis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the epididymis located |
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Definition
| posterior and superior to the testis |
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|
Term
| what is the function of the epididymis |
|
Definition
| storage and maturation of sperm |
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|
Term
| describe the shape and composition of the epididymis |
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Definition
| coiled tube embedded in connective tissue |
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|
Term
| what are the parts of the epididymis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the tail of the epididymis |
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Definition
| lower end, continoous with the ductus deferns |
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|
Term
| where is the sinus of the epididymis |
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Definition
| a recess between the testis and the epididymis that opens laterally |
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|
Term
| what is the epididymis sinus lined with |
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Definition
| visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis |
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|
Term
| what is an igunial hernia |
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Definition
| protrusion of the parietal peritoneum, a loop of small intestine goes through the igunial canal |
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|
Term
| what is the most common abdominal hernia, and in who |
|
Definition
| direct igunial hernia, males |
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|
Term
| what are the two types of inguinal hernias |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a indirect inguinal hernia |
|
Definition
| hernial sac leaves the abdominal cavity lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels through the deep inguinal ring causing processus vaginalis prodrusion through part or all of the canal |
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|
Term
| in whom is a indirect inguinal hernia more common |
|
Definition
| children and young adults |
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|
Term
| what is a direct inguinal hernia |
|
Definition
| hernial sac leaves the abdominal cavity medial to the inferior epigastric through an area of weakness in the inguinal canal wall that does not transverse the entire canal only close to the superificial ring |
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|
Term
| what is the hesselbach's triangle |
|
Definition
| an area that is usually weak in the inguinal canal posterior wall |
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|
Term
| what binds the hesselbach's triangle |
|
Definition
| inferior epigastric, rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament |
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|
Term
| in whom is a direct inguinal hernia most common |
|
Definition
| older men with weak abdomina muscles, an aquired hernia |
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