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Anatomy Testes
KYCOM Block 2
93
Anatomy
Graduate
09/07/2012

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Term
describe the location of the inguinal canal
Definition
oblique passage in lower abdominal wall, parallel and above the medial inguinal ligament, runs from the deep inguinal ring to the superificial inguinal ring
Term
what are the contents of the inguinal canal
Definition
spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus, ilioinguinal nerve
Term
describe the location of the deep inguinal ring
Definition
opening in the transversalis fascia about 1/2 inch above the inguinal ligament, half way between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis
Term
describe the location of the inferior eigastric vessels
Definition
medial to the deep inguinal ring
Term
describe the location of the superificial inguinal ring
Definition
opening in the sponeurosis of the external oblique superior to the pubic tubercle
Term
what marks the anterior wall of the inguinal canal
Definition
aponeurosis of the external oblique
Term
what marks the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
Definition
transversalis fascia
Term
what marks the inferior wall of the inguinal canal
Definition
inguinal and lacunar ligaments
Term
what marks the superior wall of the inguinal canal
Definition
arching lowest fibers of internal oblique transversus abdominis
Term
what are the parts of the superificial inguinal ring
Definition
medial crus and lateral crus
Term
how is the superificial inguinal ring strengthened
Definition
the top has intercural fibers
Term
what is in the spermatic cord
Definition
vas deferns, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, lymph vessels, autonomic nerves, artery of vas deferens, cremasteric srtery, genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Term
describe the path of the spermatic cord
Definition
begins deepto inguinal ring, passes through inguinal canal, ends posterior to the epididymis
Term
what is the vas deferns made of
Definition
thick muscle
Term
what is the function of the vas deferens
Definition
transports spermataozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Term
describe the path of the vas deferens
Definition
begins at the tail of the epididymis and runs with the spermatic cord to the deep inguinal ring where it seperates terminating in the pervis by joining the seminal vessicle
Term
what is it called when the vas deferens joins the seminal vessicle
Definition
ejaculatory duct
Term
where does the testicular artery originate
Definition
from the abdominal aorta just below the renal artery, this is influenced by the embryological origin of the testes
Term
describe the path of the testicular artery
Definition
descends on the posterior abdominal wall behind the peritoneum, through the inguinal canal in the spermatic cord, to the testis and epididymis
Term
describe the location of the testicular veins
Definition
form a plexus around the testicular artery called the pampiniform plexus, as it ascends it gets smaller forming a single vein running behind the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall
Term
where does the right testicular vein drain
Definition
the inferior vena cava
Term
where does the left testicular vein train
Definition
the left renal vein
Term
describe the path of testicular lymph vessels
Definition
run through thr spermatic cord to the deep inguinal ring, they ascend on the posterior abdominal wall behind the peritoneum to the lumbar lymph nodes (lateral aortic)
Term
describe the path of scrotum lymph vessels
Definition
drains into the superificial inguinal lymph nodes
Term
what does the cremasteric artery supply
Definition
coverings of the spermatic cord
Term
describe the path of the cremasteric artery
Definition
branches from the inferior epigastric artery and anastomoses with the testicular artery
Term
describe the path of the artery of the vas deferens
Definition
originates from the superior vesical artery, acompanies the vas deferns from pelvis, anastomoses with the testicular artery
Term
what nerve supplies the cremaster muscle and skin of scrotum or labium majus
Definition
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Term
where do the fibers from the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve come from
Definition
ventral rami of L1 and L2 (lumbar plexus)
Term
where do the testies / ovaries originate before the descend
Definition
posterior abdominal wall around L1
Term
what is the processus vaginalis
Definition
peritoneal diverticulum that forms before the testies / ovaries descend
Term
what does the processus vaginalis do
Definition
passes through the layers of the lower anterior abdominal wall aquiring tubular covering from each layer pulling the testies / ovaries with it
Term
name the layers the processus vaginalis goes through
Definition
transversalis fascia, transversus abdominus, internal oblique, aponeurosis of external oblique
Term
when the processus vaginalis passes through the transversalis fascia where is it exactly, what happens
Definition
at the deep inguinal ring it picks up the internal spermatic fascia
Term
when the processus vaginalis passes through the transversus abdominis where is it exactly, what happens
Definition
under the lower arching fibers it does not aquire a covering, it does not pierce the layer
Term
when the processus vaginalis passes through the internal oblique where is it exactly, what happens
Definition
in the lower part it picks up some muscle fibers making the cremaster muscle embedded in the cremaster fascia
Term
when the processus vaginalis passes through the aponeurosis of the external oblique where is it exactly, what happens
Definition
at the superficial ring it picks up the external spermatic fascia
Term
what is the gubernaculum made of
Definition
mesenchyme
Term
where is the gubernaculum located
Definition
extends from the lower end of the developing gonad to the labioscrotal swelling
Term
what does the labioscrotal swelling do
Definition
give rise to the scrotom or labia majora
Term
what does the gubernaculum do
Definition
descends behind the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall and posterior to the processus vaginalis pulling the testes / ovaries making them descend
Term
where does the gubernaculum end its descent in males
Definition
in the scrotum by the 8th month of intra-uterine life
Term
what happens to the lymph, vessels, duct, and nerves when the testis descend
Definition
it takes them with it
Term
what happens to the processus vaginalis when the testies reach the scrotum
Definition
the proximal narrow portion of the processus vaginalis becomes obliterated
Term
what happens to the distal part of the processus vaginalis when the testis reach the scrotum
Definition
it remains as the tuinca vaginalis which is a closed sac
Term
when happens when the gubernaculum is descending and ovary
Definition
it attaches to the side of the developing uterus causing the ovary to stop descending and forms two ligaments
Term
what are the ligaments that form during ovarian descension
Definition
ovarian and round
Term
describe the location of the ovarian ligament
Definition
extends from the ovary to the uterus
Term
describe the location of the gubernaculum
Definition
extends from the uterus to the labioscrotal swelling
Term
what were the ovarian ligament and round ligament originally made of
Definition
part of the gubernaculum
Term
what is the scrotom part of
Definition
the lower anterior abdominal wall
Term
what does the scrotal septum do
Definition
divide the scrotum into left and right halves
Term
what does each half of the scrotum contain
Definition
testis, epididymis, lower spermatic cord
Term
what are the layers of the scrotum
Definition
skin, tunica dartos, external spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle and fascia, internal spermatic fascia, tuinca vaginalis
Term
describe the skin of the scrotum
Definition
thin, wrinkled, pigmented, single pouch
Term
what is the scrotal raphe
Definition
slightly raised ridge in the midline that indicates the area of fusion of the two labioscrotal swellings
Term
what happens to the labioscrotal swellings in females
Definition
they do not fuse and form the labia majora
Term
what is the tunica dartos
Definition
superficial fascia where fat has been replaced by the dartos muscle
Term
what is the dartos muscle made of, what does it do
Definition
it is smooth muscle that is responsible for the wrinking of the scrotal skin
Term
what kind of nerve innervation of the dartos muscle get
Definition
sympathetic
Term
describe the path of the tunica dartos
Definition
extends inward to form the scrotal septum which divides the scrotum
Term
how does te tunica vaginalis relate to the processus vaginalis
Definition
it is the lower expanded portion
Term
what are the layers of the tunica vaginalis
Definition
visceral and parietal
Term
what does the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis cover
Definition
testis except posterior border and the epididymis
Term
what does the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis cover
Definition
the inner aspect of the internal spermatic fascia
Term
what is in the cavity between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis
Definition
fluid that moistens the layers
Term
what are the functions of the testis
Definition
spermatogenesis and hormone production
Term
what hormones does the testis make
Definition
testosterone
Term
what conditions are needed for spermatogenesis to occur
Definition
the testes must be lower temp than the abdominal cavity
Term
how can the testes lower their temperature
Definition
ther can ascend of descend using the reflex of the cremaster and dartos muscles, the pampiniform plexus and branches of the testicular arteries use a counter current heat exchange mechanism
Term
what covers the testies
Definition
tunica albugenia
Term
what covers the tunica albugenia
Definition
the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis
Term
physically describe the tunica albuginea
Definition
tough fibrous connective tissue on each testis, at the posterior border it is thicker and penetrates the surface of the organ
Term
what are the semiferous tubules
Definition
the lobes of the testis
Term
describe the origin and insertion of the semiferous tubules
Definition
connects to the inner tunica
Term
what are the rete testis
Definition
a network of channels that the semiferous tubules open into
Term
what connects the rete testis to the epididymis
Definition
the efferent ductules
Term
where is the epididymis located
Definition
posterior and superior to the testis
Term
what is the function of the epididymis
Definition
storage and maturation of sperm
Term
describe the shape and composition of the epididymis
Definition
coiled tube embedded in connective tissue
Term
what are the parts of the epididymis
Definition
head, body, tail, sinus
Term
where is the tail of the epididymis
Definition
lower end, continoous with the ductus deferns
Term
where is the sinus of the epididymis
Definition
a recess between the testis and the epididymis that opens laterally
Term
what is the epididymis sinus lined with
Definition
visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis
Term
what is an igunial hernia
Definition
protrusion of the parietal peritoneum, a loop of small intestine goes through the igunial canal
Term
what is the most common abdominal hernia, and in who
Definition
direct igunial hernia, males
Term
what are the two types of inguinal hernias
Definition
direct and indirect
Term
what is a indirect inguinal hernia
Definition
hernial sac leaves the abdominal cavity lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels through the deep inguinal ring causing processus vaginalis prodrusion through part or all of the canal
Term
in whom is a indirect inguinal hernia more common
Definition
children and young adults
Term
what is a direct inguinal hernia
Definition
hernial sac leaves the abdominal cavity medial to the inferior epigastric through an area of weakness in the inguinal canal wall that does not transverse the entire canal only close to the superificial ring
Term
what is the hesselbach's triangle
Definition
an area that is usually weak in the inguinal canal posterior wall
Term
what binds the hesselbach's triangle
Definition
inferior epigastric, rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament
Term
in whom is a direct inguinal hernia most common
Definition
older men with weak abdomina muscles, an aquired hernia
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