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Anatomy Test 4
Exam
93
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/19/2014

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Cards

Term
Ingestion
Definition
complex foods taken into the GI tract
Term
Digestion
Definition
group of processes that break complex nutrients into simpler ones
Term
Mechanical digestion
Definition
breakup of large chunks of food into smaller bits
Term
Chemical digestion
Definition
breaks large molecules into smaller ones
Term
Motility
Definition
a number of GI movements resulting from muscular contraction
Term
Secretion
Definition
release of digestive juices and hormones that facilitate digestion
Term
Absorption
Definition
movement of digested nutrients into the internal environment of the body
Term
Tissues of the wall of digestive tube
Definition
Mucosa
Muscularis
Term
Mucosa
Definition
tough stratified simple epithelium
Mucus production
Term
Muscularis
Definition
Peristalsis
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
"wave like" movement pushes food down the tract
Term
Roof
Definition
formed by the hard palate and soft palate, an arch-shaped muscle separating the mouth form the pharynx
Term
Three main mouth parts
Definition
Crown, neck, root
Term
Enamel
Definition
Covers the crown
hardest tissue in the body
Term
Dentin
Definition
in crown, neck, root
Term
Dentin
Definition
greatest portion of tooth shell
Term
Saliva
Definition
Lubricates food during mastication
Term
Submandibular glands
Definition
Ducts open on either side of lingual frenuium
Term
Stomach size
Definition
Expands after large meal, about the size of a large sausage when empty
Term
Small intestines size
Definition
20 feet
Term
Divisions of small intestines
Definition
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Term
Duodenum
Definition
chemical digestion occurs most here
Term
Liver
Definition
largest gland
Term
Liver
Definition
fills upper right section of abdominal cavity and extends over onto left side
Term
Gallbladder
Definition
undersurface of the liver
Term
Gallbladder
Definition
concentrates and stores bile
Term
Peritoneum
Definition
lining abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs
Term
Extensions
Definition
largest are the mesentery and greater omentum
Term
Protein digestion
Definition
starts in stomach, completed in small intestine
Term
Pepsin
Definition
partially digests proteins
Term
Trypsin
Definition
continues digestion of proteins
Term
Peptidases
Definition
amino acids
Term
Pancreatic lipase
Definition
changes emulsified fats to fatty acids
Term
Absorbtion
Definition
process by which digested food moves from intestine into blood
Term
Nutrition
Definition
food, vitamins, and minerals that are ingested and assimilated into the body
Term
Metabolism
Definition
process of using food molecules as energy sources and as building blocks for our own molecules
Term
Catabolism
Definition
breaks food molecules down, releasing their stored energy
Term
Anabolism
Definition
builds food molecules into complex substances
Term
Liver
Definition
secretes bile which break down large fat globules
Term
Liver
Definition
removes toxins from the blood
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
changes glucose to pyruvic acid
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
Anaerobic
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
occurs in cytoplasm
Term
Citric acid cycle
Definition
changes pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide
Term
Citric acid cycle
Definition
aerobic
Term
Citric acid cycle
Definition
occurs in mitocondria
Term
Carbs
Definition
blood glucose
Term
Blood glucose
Definition
between 80 and 110 mg per 100 mL of blood during fasting
Term
Vitamins
Definition
Sodium and calcium
Term
Sodium and calcium
Definition
nerve conduction
muscle fiber contraction
Term
Vitamins
Definition
ADEK
Term
Vitamins
Definition
B,C water soluible
Term
Fats
Definition
catabolized to yield energy and anabolized to form adipose tissue
Term
Proteins
Definition
primarily anabolized and secondarily catabolized
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
regulates the homeostasis of body temperature through a variety of processes
Term
Skin
Definition
can cool the body using heat from blood through 4 processes
Term
Skin
Definition
Radiation
conduction
Convection
Evaporation
Term
Kidneys
Definition
Keep acid base balance
Term
Kidneys
Definition
stimulates red blood cell production
Term
Kidneys
Definition
Blood pressure
Term
Kidneys
Definition
under back muscles, behind parietal peritoneum, just above waist line
Term
Kidneys
Definition
Right usually lower than left
Term
Pyramids
Definition
Triangular divisions of medulla
Term
Nephrons
Definition
water absorbed by collection tube
Term
Loop of henle
Definition
Hair pin loop
Medulla of kidneys
Term
Kidneys
Definition
Excretes toxins and nitrogenous wastes
Term
Kidneys
Definition
maintains water balance
Term
Kidneys
Definition
Helps regulate blood pressure via secretion of renin
Term
Filtraion
Definition
normal glomerular filtration rate 125 mL per minute (180L)
Term
Ureters
Definition
narrow long tubes
Term
Ureters
Definition
Drain urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder
Term
Urinary bladder
Definition
storage of urine
Voiding
Term
Urethra
Definition
passage of urine from bladder to exterior of the body
Term
Urethra
Definition
passage of male reproductive fluid from the body
Term
Micturition
Definition
passage of urine from the body (voiding)
Term
Regulatory sphincters
Definition
internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
external urethral sphincter (voluntary)
Term
Emptying reflex
Definition
Bladder wall contracts
internal sphincter relaxes
Term
Urinary retention
Definition
urine produced but not voided
Term
Urinary suppression
Definition
no urine produced but bladder is normal
Term
Urinary incontinence
Definition
urine is voided involuntary
Term
Urinary incontinence
Definition
may be caused by spinal injury or stroke
Term
Urinary incontinence
Definition
retention of urine may cause cystitis
Term
Overactive bladder
Definition
need for frequent urination
Term
Polyuria
Definition
large unusual amount of urine
Term
Water
Definition
60% males
50% females
80% babies
Term
Fat content of body
Definition
the more fat the less water
Term
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Definition
Plasma
Interstitial fluid (IF)
Transcellular fluid
Term
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Definition
Located inside cells
Term
Sodium
Definition
most abundant and important positively charges ion plasma
Term
Aldosternone
Definition
increases NA+ reabsorbtion in kidney tubules
Term
Dehydration
Definition
Total volume of body fluids less than normal
Term
Overhydration
Definition
total volume of body fluids greater than normal
Term
Dehydration
Definition
vomiting
diarrhea
sweating
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