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Anatomy Test #2
lecture notes
120
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
09/13/2013

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Term
Radioulnar ligaments
Definition
extends from the medial distal surface of the radius to the lateral portion of the styloid process of the ulna (anterior and posterior sets)
Term
radial collateral of the wrist
Definition
extends from the styloid process of the radius to the lateral surface of the scaphoid bone.
Term
radial collateral of the wrist
Definition
what ligament reinforces the lateral side of the wrist?
Term
ulnar collateral of the wrist
Definition
extends from the medial surface of the ulna to the pisiform bone.
Term
ulnar collateral of the wrist
Definition
what ligament reinforces the medial side of the wrist?
Term
intercarpal ligaments
Definition
various short ligaments between adjacent carpal bones
Term
anterior transverse carpal (flexor retinaculum)
Definition
spans across carpal bones, anteriorly, to increase integrity
Term
anterior transverse carpal
Definition
which ligament holds wrist tendons in place and maintains integrity?
Term
posterior transverse carpal (extensor retinaculum)
Definition
extends across carpal bones, posteriorly, to increase integrity.
Term
posterior transverse carpal
Definition
which ligament holds extensor tendons of the wrist in place?
Term
collateral ligaments of the phalanges
Definition
paird ligaments extending from the head of a more proximal phalanx to the base of the adjacent distal phalanx. medial and lateral sets for the proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints.
Term
collateral ligaments of the phalanges
Definition
what allows flexion and extension of phalanges, but doesn't allow abduction or adduction?
Term
collateral
Definition
ligament crosses a joint
Term
leg
Definition
between the knee and ankle
Term
thigh
Definition
region between him and knee joint
Term
F
Definition
T/F, the patellofemoral joint is considered part of the knee
Term
difference in female vs. male pelvis
Definition
-male is larger and heavier
-male has a larger articular surface
-male has larger muscle attachments
-female has a wider arch
Term
inguinal ligament
Definition
stretches from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle, representing the lower border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. lies anterior to the iliacus, psoas major, pectineus muscles, femoral canal, vessels, and nerve.
Term
inguinal ligament
Definition
which ligament of the pelvis serves as attachment places for abdominal muscles?
Term
interpubic ligaments
Definition
two ligaments attaching between pubic bones
Term
superior pubic ligament
Definition
pubic ligament that attaches to the pubic crests and tubercles
Term
arcuate pubic ligament
Definition
bupic ligament that arches between the inferior pubic rami and the symphesial surfaces of the pubic bones
Term
anterior sacroiliac
Definition
a broad flat band that unites the bony margins of the sacral ala and the ilium
Term
posterior sacroiliac
Definition
attaches to the intermediate and lateral sacral crests and attaches to the posterior superior iliac spine and the iliac crest
Term
sacrotuberous ligament
Definition
has an extensive attachement, to teh posterior superior and posterior infererior iliac spines, the lower surface of the sacrum.
Term
sacrospinous ligament
Definition
lies deep to the sacrotuberous ligament. it is triangular in outline; its base is attached to the lateral margin of the lower sacrum and coccyx and the apex is attached to the ischial spine. helps to form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen.
Term
iliolumbar ligaments
Definition
a strong set of bands, both attached to the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra
Term
iliolumbar ligament
Definition
iliolumbar ligament that attaches to the iliac crest
Term
iliolumbar ligament that is to the anterior aspect of hte ala of the sacrum, blending with the anterior sacroiliac ligament
Definition
iliolumbar band
Term
iliofemoral ligament
Definition
a broad, Y shaped band that attaches superiorly to the anterior inferior iliac spine and the margin of the acetabulum. inferiorly it attaches to the intertrochangeric line of the femur.
Term
pubofemoral ligament
Definition
attached to the pubic part of the acetabular margin and passes across the back of the neck of the femur to the superior end of the introchanteric line.
Term
pubofemoral ligament
Definition
which ligament resists abduction and hyperextension of the hip?
Term
ischiofemoral ligament
Definition
attached to the ischial part of the acetabular margin and passes across the back of the neck of the femur to the superior end of the intertrochanteric line.
Term
ischiofemoral ligament
Definition
which ligament resists hyperextension and adduction of the hip
Term
transverse acetabular
Definition
runs horizontally completing the inferior rim of the acetabulum.
Term
transverse acetabular
Definition
which ligament is adjacent to the acetabular notch, keeps the head of the femur in place?
Term
ligamentum teres
Definition
attached to the fovea on the head of the femur and the transverse acetabular ligament.
Term
ligamentum teres
Definition
which ligament is the "ligament of the head of the femur"?
Term
acetabular labrum
Definition
a fibrocartilaginous rim that attaches to the acetabulum and increases the articular area covering more than half of the femoral head
Term
acetabular labrum
Definition
which ligament holds the head of the femur in place?
Term
articular capsule
Definition
extends from the rim of the acetabulum to the intertrochanteric crest
Term
menisci
Definition
two semilunarfibrocartilages, which serve to deepen the superior articiular surfaces of the tibia for greater articulation with the femoral condyles
Term
medial collateral of the knee
Definition
flat ligament connecting medial epicondyle of femur to teh medial epicondyle of tibia
Term
medial (tibial) collateral- MCL
Definition
which ligament reinforces the medial side of the knee, and prevents abduction of leg?
Term
medial collateral (MCL)
Definition
which ligament is considered part of the joint capsule?
Term
lateral (fibular) collateral of the knee
Definition
rounded ligament connecting the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral side of the head of the fibula.
Term
lateral collateral of the knee (LCL)
Definition
which ligament prevents adduction of the leg?
Term
patellar ligament
Definition
distal part of the quadriceps tendon passing from the apex and attaching to the tibial tuberosity.
Term
which ligament attaches the patella to the tibia?
Definition
patellar ligament
Term
arcuate popliteal ligament
Definition
strengthens the knee joint posteriorly arising from the fibular head and spreading over the posterior surface of the joint
Term
arcuate popliteal ligament
Definition
which ligament of the knee is on the lateral side and attaches above the poplitial groove and to the head of the fibula?
Term
anterior cruciate
Definition
knee ligament that extends posteriorly and laterally from area anterior to the intercondylar eminence of the tibial to the posterior aspect of the medial surface of the lateral condyle
Term
anterior cruciate
Definition
extends posteriorly and laterally from area anterior to intercondylar eminence of the tibia to the posterior aspect of medial surface of lateral condyle
Term
posterior cruciate
Definition
extends anteriorly and medially from the posterior intercondylar fossa of the tibia and lateral meniscus to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of femur
Term
posterior cruciate
Definition
what ligament prevents posterior displacement
Term
transverse genicular
Definition
connects the lateral meniscus to the medial meniscus
Term
transverse genicular
Definition
which ligament prevents sliding of the menisci?
Term
ligamentous capsule
Definition
tube of fibrous tissue joining the femur to the tibia includes the ligamentum patellae, coronary ligaments, and the medial collateral ligament, but not the lateral collateral ligament. reinforced in the front sides by aponeurotic expansions from the vasti muscles, sartorius, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and iliotibial tract.
Term
interosseus membrane
Definition
connects the lateral border to the tibia and to the medial border of the fibula
Term
anterior tibiofibular
Definition
obliquely from the anterior distal tibia to the anterior surface of the lateral malleolus
Term
posterior tibiofibular
Definition
obliquely from the distal tibia to the posterior surface of the lateral melleolus
Term
superior pubic ligament
Definition
attaches the pubic crests and tubercles
Term
arcuate pubic ligament
Definition
arches between the inferior pubic rami and the symphesail surfaces of the pubic bones
Term
deltoid
Definition
ligament of the leg&ankle that is composed of four elements and arises from the blunt end of the tibial malleolus
Term
Tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
anterior tibiotalar
posterior tibiotalar
Definition
four parts of the deltoid ligament
Term
tibionavicular
Definition
deltoid ligament that attaches the medial malleolus to the navicular
Term
tibiocalcaneal
Definition
attaches the malleolus to the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus
Term
tibiocalcaneal
Definition
attaches the medial malleolus to the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus
Term
anterior tibiotalar
Definition
attaches the medial malleolus to the adjacent talus anteriorly
Term
posterior tibiotalar
Definition
attaches the medial malleolus to adjacent talus bone posteriorly
Term
anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
Definition
lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle (3)
Term
anterior talofibular
Definition
runs horizontally from the talus to the anterior distal lateral malleolus
Term
posterior talofibular
Definition
runs horizontally from the talus to the posterior distal lateral malleolus
Term
calcaneofibular
Definition
runs vertically from the distal lateral surface of the lateral malleolus to the lateral surface of the calcaneus
Term
plantar calcaneonavicular
Definition
runs from the navicular bone (continuous medially with the deltiod ligament) to the calcaneus
Term
plantar calcaneonavicular
Definition
which ligament supports longitudinal arch?
Term
long plantar ligament
Definition
extends from the calcaneus to the cuboid and lateral metatarsals. helps to maintain the longitudinal arch of the foot
Term
short plantar ligament
Definition
extends from anterior aspect of inferior calcaneus to cuboid. helps to maintain longitudinal arch of foot.
Term
plantar fascia
Definition
extends from teh medial and lateral tubercles of the calcaneus. it divides into five slips that divide into two bands. one passing superficially to the skin and the other passing deeply to the root of the toe before finally fusing with the fibrous flexor sheath and the deep transverse ligaments.
Term
medial longitudinal arch
Definition
arch that exists in the sagittal plane along the line of the 1st metatarsal
Term
lateral longitudinal arch
Definition
arch that exists in the sagittal plane along the line of the 4th and 5th metatarsals
Term
transverse arch
Definition
arch that exists in the frontal plane along the distal tarsal and metatarsal bones. (mid foot)
Term
function to distribute weight and forces throughout the entire foot and to provide an efficient spring-like action
Definition
what do the arches, musculotendionous, and ligamental structures do for the foot?
Term
plantar fascitis
Definition
inflammation of the plantar fascia
Term
pes planus (flatfoot)
Definition
too low a longitudinal arch, especially medially
Term
pes cavus
Definition
too high a longitudinal arch, especially medially
Term
clawfoot
Definition
fixted contracture leading to hyperextension of the metacarpopohalangeal joint(s) and flexion of the interphalangeal joints
Term
protection of the neural and cardiopulmonary systems and is designed for upright posture
Definition
what is the axial skeleton's purpose?
Term
skull
vertebrae
ribs
sternum
hyoid
ossicles
Definition
bones of the axial skeleton
Term
intervertebral disks
Definition
what are individual vertebrae separated by?
Term
"C" shaped
Definition
shape of vertebral column in a fetus and infant
Term
thoracic curavature
sacrococcygeal curvature
Definition
what are the primary curvatures
Term
cervical curvature
lumbar curvature
Definition
what are the secondary curvatures?
Term
anteriorly
Definition
what direction do the primary curvatures concave?
Term
posteriorly
Definition
what direction do the secondary curvatures concave?
Term
variations in teh thickness of intervertebral disks
Definition
what causes natural curvatures in the vertebral column?
Term
kyphosis
Definition
exaggerated thoracic curvature
Term
lordosis
Definition
exaggerated lumbar curvature
Term
scoliosis
Definition
lateral curvature of vertebral column
Term
7
Definition
how many cervical vertebrae are there?
Term
12
Definition
how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
Term
5
Definition
how many lumbar vertebrae are there?
Term
5 (fused)
Definition
how many sacral vertebrae are there?
Term
4 (variably fused)
Definition
how many vertebrae make up the coccyx?
Term
33
Definition
how many vertebrae are there?
Term
C2-C6
Definition
which vertebrae have bifid spinous processes?
Term
annulus fibrosis
Definition
tough outer layer of the intervertebral disks
Term
nucleus pulposus
Definition
soft inner nugget of the intervertebral disks
Term
variation in anterior or posterior thickness of the intervertebral disks
Definition
what causes the natural curvature of the vertebral column?
Term
shock absorption
Definition
what is the function of the intervertebral disks?
Term
herniated disk
Definition
when pressure or injury causes the nucleus pulposus to protrude through the annulus fibrosis
Term
between L4/L5 and L5/S1
Definition
most likely places to get a herniated disk
Term
anterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
ligament runs the length of the vertebral column on the anterior and lateral surface of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks
Term
anterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
what ligament prevents too much extension of the back?
Term
posterior longitudinal
Definition
ligament, popsterior surface of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks, saw-tooth shaped, coveres posterior part but is absent on posterolateral part of the vertebrae and intervertebral disks.
Term
supraspinous
Definition
continuous ligament attaching adjacent spinous process tips (very strong)
Term
supraspinosus
Definition
what resists flexion of the vertebral column?
Term
interspinous ligament
Definition
discrete/intermittent set of ligaments attaching borders of the adjacent spinous processes
Term
ligamentum flavum
Definition
short, broad ligaments interconnecting adjacent laminae, supports facet joints, however, elastic enough to allow flexion/extension of vertebral column
Term
ligament nuchae
Definition
dense, triangular midline ligament extends from the external occipital protuberance to the spine of C7 and attaches to the median part of the external occipital crest, the posterior tubercle of C1 and the medial aspect of the cervical bifid spines.
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