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Anatomy-Test2
Immune System
18
Anatomy
Not Applicable
02/28/2004

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Term
What is the immune system?
Definition
Two divisions: non-specific & specific
Term
Non-specific?
Definition
defends agaisnt all pathogens
-skin & mucous membranes: keratin, natural acidity of secretions, enzymes, mucus
-cells: neutrophils & eosinophils destroy pathogens in blood & tissue
monocytes-phagocytosis
lymphocytes-NK cells kill viruses, bacteria, cancer cells, ect.
-fever: pyrogens secreted by WBC or pathogens can reset temperature setpt dangerous if temp is high enough to denature proteins otherwise beneficial(inc metabolism, reduced availability of minerals)
-inflammation: triggered when damaged cells release chemical signals vasodilation(redness, heat)
capilalary permeablitity(swelling)
pressure on nerve endings(pain)
Term
what is the goal of inflammation?
Definition
prevent spread of pathogens & clear area for repair, dilute toxins, bring O2 & nutrients for repair, inc WBC #s
pus: collection of dead cells, pathogens
Term
special defenses?
Definition
mechanisms that defend agaisnt specific pathogens(antigens)
Term
what an antigen?
Definition
anything that provokes an immune response, "nonself" (bacteria, pollen, fungi)
Term
What's MHC?
Definition
Major histocompatibility complex:
cell surface proteins that signify "self" & can present antigen to lymphocytes
Term
what is the primary cell type of specific defense?
Definition
lymphocytes-made in bone marrow, must become immunocompetent(able to recognize just one antigen)
Term
What are the two type of lymphocytes here and what do they do?
Definition
B Cells(b lymphocytes) mature in the bone marrow, produce antibodies
T Cells(T lymphocytes) mature in the thymus, detect antigens inside cells(viruses)
Term
What's the T Cells(cell-mediated immunity)-
Definition
detection of antigens inside cells antigen or fragment of antigen is displayed on cell's surface by MHC protein
T cell has surface receptor that recognizes a specific antigen activated T cells divide into several different types
Term
What are the different types the T cell divides into?
Definition
Helper T cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Suppressor T cells, & memory T cells
Term
what's the helper T cell?
Definition
"boss" of the immune response(loss is critical, ex. AIDS) directs T & B cells to proliferate & inc antibody production secrete chemicals to attract other WBCs
Term
What's the cytoxic T cell do?
Definition
"attack dogs" of the immune response, kills infected cells by secreting toxins
Term
what's the suppressor T cells?
Definition
"leash" of the immune system, secrete chemicals that inhibit T & B cells to end immune response
Term
What's memory T cells?
Definition
"guard dogs", detect future exposure to antigen
Term
What's B cells(humoral immunity)?
Definition
detection of antigens in blood & tissues
Term
what's their antibody?
Definition
Y-shaped protein secreted by B cells, w/ region that recognizes a specific antigen & coats it which neutralizes pathogen or attracts phagocytes-either method ends in phagocytes
Term
what's the different classes w/ various roles & locations in the body?
Definition
IgG, IgD, IgE, IgA, IgM
Term
what's trigers B cells to divide rapidly?
Definition
the antigen
-plasma cells(manufacture & secrete antibodies)
-memory cells(starts immune response again if antigen encountered in the future)
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