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Anatomy - Test 01
N/A
81
Anatomy
12th Grade
08/23/2011

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Term
Integumentary System
Definition
The skin and other various accessory organs that help regulate body temp., house a variety of sensors, and synthesize certain products.
Term
Skeletal System
Definition
The bones, ligaments and cartilage that provide the framework for the body, protect organs,produce blood cells, and are attachments for muscles.
Term
Muscular System
Definition
The muscles that provide forces that cause body movement. They also maintain posture and are the main source of body heat.
Term
Nervous System
Definition
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs, all of which use nerve impulses to communicate.
Term
Endocrine System
Definition
All the glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones. The particular hormone usually affects a particular group of cells called its target tissue.
Term
Cardiovascular System
Definition
Includes the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood. It is a transport system for gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes.
Term
Lymphatic System
Definition
It is sometimes considered part of the cardiovascular system, and is made up of lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen. It transports some of the tissue fluid back to the bloodstream, and carries certain fatty substances away from organs.
Term
Digestive System
Definition
The organs that receive food from the outside, and try to break it down into useable nutrients.
Term
Respiratory System
Definition
The organs that take air in and out and exchange gases between the blood and the air. *carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange*
Term
Urinary System
Definition
Consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys remove waste from the blood and the rest of the urinary system works to get it out of the body.
Term
Reproductive System
Definition
Is used to produce whole new organisms like the original. The male parts work together to produce sperm, while the female parts work together to produce an egg and harbor the offspring before birth.
Term
Anatomy(Morphology)
Definition
The study of structure.
Term
Physiology
Definition
The study of function.
Term
Metabolism
Definition
The sum of all physical and chemical changes within the body.Is made up of Anabolism and Catabolism.
Term
Anabolism
Definition
The part of metabolism in which building reactions take place(synthesis). Ex: Anabolic Steroids!
Term
Catabolism
Definition
The part of metabolism in which breaking down reactions take place(decomposition).
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
Maintaining a relatively constant internal environment. Ex: Temp. --> sweating and shivering.
Term
List the nine levels of organization in order.
Definition
Atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition
Head.
Term
Vertebral Cavity
Definition
Backbone.
Term
Thoracic Cavity
Definition
Chest.
Term
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Definition
Abdomen and Pelvis.
Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
Standing, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward, and thumbs out.
Term
Superior/Inferior
Definition
Above/Below
Term
Anterior/Posterior
Definition
In front/In back
Term
Ventral/Dorsal
Definition
Front/Back
Term
Medial/Lateral
Definition
To the Middle/To the Side
Term
Proximal/Distal
Definition
Closer To/Further From
Term
Superficial/Deep
Definition
On the Surface/Buried
Term
Saggital Plane
Definition
Divides body into left and right.
Term
Midsaggital Plane
Definition
Divides body into EQUAL left and right sides.
Term
Transverse Plane
Definition
Divides body into upper and lower parts.
Term
Coronal(frontal)Plane
Definition
Divides body into front and back parts.
Term
Axillary
Definition
Armpit
Term
Brachial
Definition
Arm
Term
Buccal
Definition
Cheek
Term
Carpal
Definition
Wrist
Term
Cephalic
Definition
Head
Term
Cervical
Definition
Neck
Term
Costal
Definition
Ribs
Term
Crural
Definition
Leg
Term
Digital
Definition
Fingers
Term
Dorsal
Definition
Back
Term
Femoral
Definition
Thigh
Term
Frontal
Definition
Forehead
Term
Genital
Definition
Reproductive Organs
Term
Gluteal
Definition
Buttocks
Term
Inguinal
Definition
Groin
Term
Mammary
Definition
Breasts
Term
Nasal
Definition
Nose
Term
Occipital
Definition
Back of Head
Term
Oral
Definition
Mouth
Term
Orbital
Definition
Eye Cavity
Term
Otic
Definition
Ear
Term
Palmar
Definition
Palm of Hands
Term
Pectoral
Definition
Chest
Term
Pedal
Definition
Foot
Term
Perineal
Definition
Region between anus and reproductive organ
Term
Plantar
Definition
Soul of Foot
Term
Umbilical
Definition
Belly Button
Term
Most abundant inorganic biomolecule?
Definition
Water
Term
Water uses in the body?
Definition
dissolves substances for transport, keeps chemicals reactive, maintains body temp., and keeps chemicals reactive.
Term
Electrolytes do what for the body?
Definition
control and maintain body fluids, and are important for nerve function.
Term
What are electrolytes?
Definition
Salts, bases, and acids.
Term
Respiration?
Definition
Breathing, bringing in oxygen and out carbon di oxide.
Term
Carbohydrate is made up of what?
Definition
C.H.O.
Term
Carbohydrates -- what are they?
Definition
starches and sugars
Term
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
Definition
monosaccharides
Term
Lipids are made up of what?
Definition
C.H.O.
Term
Lipids--what are they(3)?
Definition
Fats, waxes and oils.
Term
Lipids-- what are their uses?
Definition
To store energy, protect organs, insulation, and components in cell membranes.
Term
What are the building blocks of lipids?
Definition
fatty acids and glycerol.
Term
Proteins are made up of what?
Definition
C.H.O.N.
Term
What is the most abundant organic molecule?
Definition
Protein
Term
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Definition
Amino acids
Term
How many amino acids are there? How many are essential?
Definition
20 and 10.
Term
What is the function of protein?
Definition
provide cell structure, building and maintenance, skin, hair, muscles, nerves.
Term
What are protein catalysts?
Definition
Enzymes
Term
Nucleic acids are made up of what?
Definition
C.H.O.N.P.
Term
What are nucleic acids used for?
Definition
controlling cellular function, and making up DNA/RNA
Term
WHat are the three building blocks of nucleic acids(nucleotides)?
Definition
nitrogen base, phosphate group, and sugar.
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