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Anatomy Test W07D1
Histology - Curless
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
10/27/2009

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Cards

Term
What are the four types of tissue in the animal kingdom?
Definition
ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm, neurocrest
Term
Which Phylum has a neurocrest?
Definition
Phylum Cordata
Term
What are the four types of tissue?
Definition
Epithelium, connective, muscle, neuro
Term
What are the types of connective tissues?
Definition
mesenchyme, loose, dense, skeletal, blood
Term
What is an exoskeleton? Where do the muscles attach?
Definition
A skeleton that forms on the outside of the body. The muscles attach to it from the inside.
Term
Do more species have exoskeletons or endoskeletons?
Definition
exoskeletons
Term
What are the different types of cartilage?
Definition
Hyaline, elastic, fibrous
Term
What are chondroblasts?
Definition
Cells that give rise to cartilage
Term
What are chondrocytes?
Definition
Cells that nourish and maintain cartilage
Term
What are chondroclasts?
Definition
Cells that break down and recycle cartilage
Term
Why is cartilage so slow in repairing itself?
Definition
Because it has a poor vascular supply
Term
Which animals have a cartilage skeleton?
Definition
jawless fish and the class with sharks and rays
Term
What are osteoblasts?
Definition
True bony tissue
Term
What is the matrix in bone made out of?
Definition
Hydroxylapatite - Calcium phosphate, water, calcium carbonate
Term
What are osteocytes?
Definition
Cells that maintain and nourish bone tissue
Term
What are osteoclasts?
Definition
Cells that destroy and recycle bone cells
Term
How do you avoid osteoperosis?
Definition
Exercise, good diet
Term
What hormones maintain and develop the skeleton?
Definition
Calcitonin, calcitriol, PTH
Term
What does calcitonin do?
Definition
promotes growth, brings C to and from bones
Term
What is PTH and what does it do?
Definition
Made by 4 glands on the thyroid. Promotes osteoclast activity and the movement from skeleton and into the blood
Term
What does calcitriol do?
Definition
It promotes the strength of PTH and calcium absorption
Term
What are some of the functions of muscle tissue?
Definition
contraction, store calcium and energy, protect bones, propel materials through the digestive tract, circulation
Term
What are the three kinds of muscle tissue in backboned animals?
Definition
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Term
What is skeletal muscle formed from?
Definition
myoblasts that form myofibers
Term
What are myofibers?
Definition
super cells that fuse together to make long fibers with hundreds of nuclei in them
Term
What kind of muscle can skeletal muscle become?
Definition
red muscle, white muscle
Term
What is red muscle like?
Definition
dark meat. Aerobic. Good for long distance running, flying, swimming
Term
What is white muscle like?
Definition
lacks mitochondria. Uses glycolosis for energy supply. Capable of sprinting but not prolonged activity. Ambush predators have this.
Term
What is pink muscle like?
Definition
Intermediate. No super cells. Closely aligned to make up walls of intestines and digestive systems.
Term
What does CNS mean?
Definition
voluntary control
Term
How does the heart beat? Can you control it?
Definition
By a series of 3 pacemakers. Some CNS control, but very little.
Term
What are the types of Neuro tissue?
Definition
Neurons and glial cells
Term
What kind of animals do not have nuero tissue?
Definition
sponges
Term
What were the first animals to evolve nerve cells?
Definition
jelly fish
Term
What were the first animals to evolve brains?
Definition
flatworms
Term
What are the basic parts of a nerve cell?
Definition
dendrites, cell bodies, axons
Term
What do glial cells do?
Definition
provide food and get rid of waste. Recycle damaged cells. Maintain chemical balance around cells. Protect against infection and mechanical damage. Insulate neurons.
Term
How do they test babies for neuron development when they're born?
Definition
they see if the baby can grab your finger
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